Author: Abdul Rashid

DOI Link ::   

Abstract : There was hardly an all-out ban on women in politics. From “behind the veil,” talented women strove to influence governmental decisions. Mediaeval India was distinct from preceding epochs in Indian history. The political structure of India was drastically altered when Islam was introduced there. It’s hard to pinpoint exactly how Islam influenced women’s political engagement in India, but there’s no denying that things have improved. The purpose of this research is to examine women’s participation in politics during Babur’s reign and to open a dialogue on their participation in politics throughout Akbar’s reign and beyond. The research shows that despite social pressure, women did not remain out of politics and instead made significant contributions in a number of fields.

Keywords: Mediaeval India, Political Structure, Women, Cultural Influence.

Page No : 1-8

Author: Maneesha¹ DR. Santanu Biswas²

DOI Link ::   

Abstract : During the nineteenth century, Savitribai Jyotirao Phule was a well-known Indian educator and social reformer who made significant contributions to education, particularly in the area of women’s education. She was born on January 3, 1831, and is regarded as one of India’s earliest contemporary feminists. She is recognised for being India’s first female teacher and working to advance women and untouchables in the realm of education, among her other achievements. She spent her whole life—along with her husband Jyotirao Phule—to demand dignity for all women. She placed a high value on the ideals of justice, equality, liberty, and humanity. She created a flame that led to equality in education, which was previously unachievable during a period when women were only things. According to Hari Narke, “Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule stand out as an extraordinary couple in the social and educational history of India. They were engaged in a passionate struggle to build a movement for equality between men and women as well as for social justice.” She is regarded as one of the “Crusaders of gender justice” as well.  She established her own girls’ school in Pune in 1848, and in 1852, she took on a particularly difficult issue by opening a school for Untouchable girls. She spoke out vehemently against the limitations placed on women that contributed to their subjugation. The distinguishing characteristic of her prominent personality is her focus on secular education for social liberation in India. By getting to know her better and comprehending her challenges, we would be able to examine a life that not only transformed Indian education but also awakened mankind to its true nature. The goal of the current study piece is to determine Savitribai Jyotirao Phule’s significance from the perspective of Indian women’s education.

Keywords: Savitribai Phule, Jyotirao Phule, Gender Equality, Women Education, Social Reformer

Page no : 9-18

Author: নমিতা মাইতি

DOI Link ::

Abstract : বাঙালির জীবনের আনন্দ-বেদনাকে সাবলীল স্বচ্ছন্দ ভাষায় যে কথাশিল্পী পরম সহানুভূতি ভরে তুলে ধরেছেন বাংলা সাহিত্যে, তিনি শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়। ১৮৭৫ সালের ১৫ সেপ্টেম্বর, হুগলি জেলার ছোট্ট গ্রাম দেবানন্দপুরে এক দরিদ্র ব্রাহ্মণ পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন শরৎচন্দ্র।দারিদ্র্যের কারণে তাঁর শৈশবকাল বলতে গেলে মাতুলালয় ভাগলপুরেই কেটেছে।দারিদ্র্যের কারণে ফি দিতে না পেরে বেশ কয়েকবার স্কুল বদলিও করতে হয়েছিলো ছোটবেলা থেকেই দুরন্ত ও মেধাবী শরৎচন্দ্রের।এন্ট্রান্স পাস করে কলেজে ভর্তি হলেও এফএ পরীক্ষার ফি জোগাড় করতে না পেরে পরীক্ষায় বসতে পারেননি।দারিদ্র্য যখন শিক্ষাজীবনে অব্যহতি টানলো, তারপরই শুরু হলো আপাত সাধারণ এই মানুষটির বর্ণাঢ্য কর্ম ও সাহিত্যজীবন।এ সময় প্রতিবেশী বিভূতিভূষণ ভট্টের বাড়িতে আয়োজিত সাহিত্যসভায় লেখালেখির অনুপ্রেরণা ফিরে পেলেন যেন আবার।যার ফলশ্রুতিতে বাংলা সাহিত্য পেয়েছিলো বড়দিদি, দেবদাস, চন্দ্রনাথ, শুভদা’র মতো কালোত্তীর্ণ শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় এর উপন্যাস সমগ্র। কাছাকাছি সময়ে শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের ছোটগল্প অনুপমার প্রেম, আলো ও ছায়া, হরিচরণ, বোঝা ইত্যাদি রচিত হয়।বনেলী রাজ স্টেটে সেটলমেন্ট অফিসারের সহকারী হিসেবে কিছুদিন কাজ করেন এসময়। কিন্তু তারপরই বাবার উপর অভিমান করে সন্ন্যাসদলে যোগ দিয়ে গান ও নাটকে অভিনয়ে মনোনিবেশ করেন।কখনও কলকাতা হাইকোর্টের অনুবাদক, আবার বার্মা রেলওয়ের হিসাব দপ্তরের কেরানি হিসেবেও কাজ করেন শরৎচন্দ্র।রাজনীতিতেও সক্রিয়ভাবে যুক্ত ছিলেন ১৯২১ সালে কংগ্রেসের অসহযোগ আন্দোলনে যোগ দিয়ে, এবং হাওড়া জেলা কংগ্রেসের সভাপতি নির্বাচিত হয়ে।এর মাঝে নিরন্তর চলেছে নিজস্ব জীবনবোধ ও অভিজ্ঞতা উৎসারিত সাহিত্যচর্চা।সমষ্টি আকারে শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় গল্প সমগ্র বিন্দুর ছেলে ও অন্যান্য, শ্রীকান্ত-৪ খন্ড, কাশীনাথ, ছেলেবেলার গল্প ইত্যাদি সময় নিয়ে প্রকাশিত হলেও পেয়েছিলো দারুণ পাঠকপ্রিয়তা।শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় এর বই সমূহ বিভিন্ন ভাষায় অনূদিত হয়েছে, এবং বিশ্বব্যাপী পাঠকের কাছে হয়েছে সমাদৃত।শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় এর বই সমগ্র দেবদাস, শ্রীকান্ত, রামের সুমতি, দেনা-পাওনা, বিরাজবৌ ইত্যাদি থেকে বাংলাসহ ভারতীয় নানা ভাষায় নির্মিত হয়েছে অসাধারণ সফল সব চিত্রনাট্য ও চলচ্চিত্র।সাহিত্যকর্মে অসাধারণ অবদানের জন্য এই খ্যাতিমান বাংলা সাহিত্যিক কুন্তলীন পুরস্কার, জগত্তারিণী স্বর্ণপদক এবং ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ডিলিট উপাধি লাভ করেন। ১৯৩৮ সালের ১৬ জানুয়ারি কলকাতায় শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় শেষ নিঃশ্বাস ত্যাগ করেন।

সূচকশব্দঃ বাংলা সাহিত্যে,শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের ছোটগল্প,নিজস্ব জীবনবোধ,সাহিত্যকর্ম।

Page No : 19-25

Author: বৈশাখী দাস

DOI Link ::

Abstract: গবেষকের গবেষণার আলোচ্য বিষয় হল তারাশঙ্করের ছোটোগল্পে পুরুষ চরিত্র। নিয়তি, প্রবৃত্তি, হৃদয়াতুর বেদনা বাস্তবতার নীরিখে আধুনিকতার মিশেলে তারা শঙ্করের সৃষ্ট পুরুষ চরিত্র হল অনন্য ও জীবন্ত। লিঙ্গ ভেদানুযায়ী নারী চরিত্রের পাশাপাশি পুরুষ চরিত্র গুলি সদা সজীব। তারা শঙ্করের সাহিত্যে একদিকে যেমন রয়েছে তাঁর সামগ্রিক জীবনবোধ, অন্যদিকে তেমন আছে মানুষের জীবন মহিমার প্রতি অকুন্ঠ ভালোবাসা। নিম্ন বর্গীয়রা তারাশঙ্করের রচনায় বিশেষ ভাবে স্থান পেল। তাঁর ক্লান্তিহীন অন্বেষণে মাটির কাছে থাকা মানুষের স্বপ্নকে লেখক নিজ স্বপ্নের আঙিনায় রাঙিয়ে তুললেন। যা তার লেখক জীবনের স্বার্থকতা এবং কলমের স্পর্শের মহিমান্বিত সন্ধিক্ষণকে বাস্তবায়িত করে।

Key words: নিয়তি, প্রবৃত্তি, হৃদয়াতুর বেদনা, পুরুষ চরিত্র, নিম্নবর্গীয়, স্বার্থকতা, মহিমান্বিত, সন্ধিক্ষণ।

Page No : 26-30

Author: সরোজ সেনাপতি

DOI Link :

Abstract: ভারতবর্ষ কৃষি প্রধান দেশ। কৃষি হল ভিত্তি আর শিল্প ভবিষ্যৎ। জলবায়ুর উপর নির্ভর করে গড়ে ওঠে মানুষের জীবন জীবিকা। আর্থিক উন্নয়ন ব্যক্তি থেকে সমাজের উন্নয়ন ধাবিত। সামাজিক উন্নয়নের হাতিয়ার শিক্ষা। শিক্ষার গতিপ্রকৃতি নিয়ন্ত্রণ হয় শিক্ষার মৌলিক উপাদান পাঠ্যক্রমের দ্বারা। ভবিষ্যতের নাগরিক শিশুকে শিক্ষা জীবন বিকাশের প্রক্রিয়ায় পৌঁছে দেয়। বিদ্যালয়ের ঘড়ি হল টাইমটেবিল তেমনি পাঠ্যক্রম হলো শিক্ষার ঘড়ি। শিশুর প্রয়োজনে সমাজের প্রয়োজনে দরকার আমাদের শিক্ষা। শিক্ষা চিন্তার ধারাবাহিক বিবর্তন যুগ যুগ হতে। প্রাচীন ভারতবর্ষ থেকে শুরু করে বর্তমান সময়কাল পযন্ত শিক্ষার ক্রম পরিবর্তন একমুখী নয় হয়েছে ভিন্নমুখী। ব্রহ্ম সত্য জগত মিথ্যা থেকে শুরু করে গুরুবাক্য বেদবাক্য। অন্যত্র ICT এর সময়ে প্রযুক্তি নির্ভর ভাবনায় শিক্ষা চিন্তা পরিবর্তিত হচ্ছে। পাঠ্যক্রম কেন্দ্রিক ভাবনার ক্ষেত্রে নানাবিধ দিক থাকে। পাঠ্যক্রমের নীতি নির্ধারণ। স্বাভাবিক গতি প্রকৃতি বিভাজন, আশ্রয়স্থান, নিয়ন্ত্রণ সবকিছু সমকালীন পরিমণ্ডল কেন্দ্রিক ভাবনার অনুষঙ্গ, সমাজের আর্থিক উন্নয়ন হলে পারিবারিক উন্নয়নের সাথে সাথে শিশুর মেধাগত উন্নয়ন ও সমানতালে চলে। সময়ের বিবর্তনের বুদ্ধাঙ্কের ও পরিবর্তন লক্ষণীয়। কৃষিকাজ কিংবা জলবায়ুগত কারণে শিশুর দৈহিক ক্ষমতার পাশাপাশি লড়াকু মানসিকতার জন্ম দেয়। প্রাসঙ্গিকভাবে তখন প্রয়োজন হয় নতুন কিছু উদ্ভাবনমূলক চিন্তা যা তার জীবনের পরিপন্থী হিসেবে কাজ করবে। পাঠ্যক্রম ক্রম উন্নয়ন শিশুকে পাঠ্যমুখী করার সোপান। পাঠ্যক্রমের মধ্য দিয়ে সার্বিক বিকাশ ও হয়। যে পাঠ্যক্রমে আমরা নির্ভর করছে সেই পাঠ্যক্রম কাকে নির্ভর করছে? মানুষের রুচির উপর খাদ্য নির্ভর করে, মানুষ ভবিষ্যৎ পরিকল্পনার স্বপ্ন দেখে। নিজশিক্ষা চিন্তা দ্বারাই মানুষের দর্শন কাজ করে। ফলত পাঠ্যক্রম সমকালীন পরিমণ্ডল দ্বারাই তার ভীত প্রশস্থ করে। দার্শনিক ভাবনা ও চিন্তায় একান্ত প্রাপ্ত হয়ে বলতে হয় ভিত্তি ভূমি সমাজ আর গঠনশৈলী মানুষের আচরণ। সুতরাং মানুষের স্বাভাবিক জীবন ছন্দের সাথে তাল মিলিয়েই একটি পাঠ্যক্রম তৈরি হয়।

Key words: পাঠ্যক্রম, কৃষিকাজ, হাতিয়ার, উদ্ভাবন, জলবায়ু।

Page no : 31-35

Author: মৌটুসী সাহা

DOI Link ::  

Abstract: ‘বনলতা সেন’ কাব্যে জীবনানন্দের ইতিহাস-চেতনায় কোনো ঘটনা তারিখ বা বিবরণ নেই, এমনকি প্রচলিত অর্থের ইতিহাস-চেতনাও নেই। নারীকে বা নারীকেন্দ্রিক প্রেমকে মাধ্যম করে প্রকাশিত হয়েছে জীবনানন্দের প্রবল ইতিহাস-চেতনা। মনন ঋদ্ধ আবেগ ও ভাবনা জীবনানন্দ দাশের কাব্যে যে ধরনের স্বকীয় উদ্ভাস এনে দিয়েছিল, সেই উদ্ভাস থেকেই এক সুস্থিত ইতিহাস চেতনা কবির কাব্যে নিরবচ্ছিন্ন ও স্পষ্টভাবে প্রকাশিত কাব্যের নাম কবিতা, সবিতা, সুরঞ্জনা, নগ্ন নির্জন হাত, মিতভাষণ, শ্যামলী ইত্যাদি কবিতায় অন্তহীন সময়ের পটভূমিতে বহমান মানব সমাজের অগ্রগতির বোধ, পরিপূর্ণতার সহজ অন্বেষা ও শুভ প্রয়াণের ব্যগ্রতায় পৃথিবীর রণ রক্ত কোলাহলের অন্তর্লীন তাড়নার প্রকৃত তাৎপর্য অনুধাবনের মধ্যেই জীবনানন্দ একধরনের বিবর্তমান ইতিহাস চেতনা সঞ্চারিত করে গেছেন।

Key words: জীবনানন্দ দাশ, বনলতা সেন, ইতিহাস চেতনা ,

Page No : 36-44

Author: Dr. Mamta Shah

DOI Link ::  

Abstract : South Asian countries like India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives and Bhutan have been considered as a source of religious, philosophical, cultural, scientific and culinary influences since ages. The historic traditions of these countries not only depict how different religions and cultures of these regions are related to each other, but also the dynamics of their influence on the contemporary world. The diversity of these countries also expresses their social, political and artistic ideas and their remarkable influence on the rest of the world through their linguistic, cultural and ethnic range. The study also points out how their intellectual ideas and philosophies are shared or sometimes opposed by the entire globe. So, present paper is going to examine the socio- cultural characteristics of South Asia, entailing their traditions and living, besides their influences on the rest of the world over time. It is also going to explore the resilient and vibrant journey of these diversified cultures throughout the recent past.

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Key words: Culture, religious, lifestyle, languages, influence, traditions, linguistic.

Page No : 45-56

Author: Dr. Mukta Goyal & Tanwangini Sahani

Dr. Mukta Goyal¹ & Tanwangini Sahani

DOI Link :

Abstract: Synthetic biology and gene editing are cutting-edge technologies poised to transform healthcare and advance Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) – “Good Health and Well-being.” Synthetic biology involves designing biological components for novel functions, driving personalized medicine and innovative therapies. Gene editing, especially with CRISPR-Cas9, enables precise DNA modifications, revolutionizing disease treatment and health equity. This research assesses the current state of these technologies, identifies adoption barriers, explores successful applications, and evaluates economic feasibility. Despite their potential, challenges hinder widespread implementation. Through case studies and economic analysis, this study aims to unlock synthetic biology and gene editing’s full potential in achieving SDG 3, ensuring healthier lives worldwide.

Key words: Synthetic biology, Gene editing, Personalized medicine, CRISPR-Cas9, DNA modifications, Innovation

Page no : 57-65

Author: Dr. Abhishek Srivastava

DOI Link : 

Abstract: This paper explores the metaphorical concept of social media functioning as a “virus” in society, particularly focusing on its role in spreading misinformation and disinformation. It delves into the mechanisms of how false information proliferates on social media platforms, the impact of such information on various societal sectors, and strategies to mitigate these effects. This journey from misinformation to disinformation involves several stages and mechanisms, facilitated by the pervasive and instantaneous nature of social media platforms.

Key words: Information Age, Misinformation, Disinformation, Transparent social media, controlled news

Page No : 66-72

Author: Dr. Vijay Bharati

DOI Link : 

Abstract: Women education is an essential need to change their status in the society.  Educated women can play a very important role in the society for socio economic development. Education eliminates inequalities and disparities as the means of recovering their status within and out of their families. It is the key factor for women empowerment, prosperity, development and welfare.  Education provides more strength to women. Such strength comes from the process of empowerment and empowerment will come from the education.  Education plays a significant role in women empowerment inequality and vulnerability of women in the society in India. This paper is an effort to capture the emerging picture with respect to women’s education in India. 

Key words: Women education, empowerment, opportunities. 

Page No: 73-77

Author: Mr. Pradeep Kumar

DOI Link : 

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine and illustrate the course of behaviour modification for a patient diagnosed with Mild Intellectual Disability who was referred for treatment at a private mental health facility. The patient was presented with complaints of throwing temper tantrums, aggressive and as saulted behavior when things are not done according to him, out burst of anger, overeating, lack of money management. The patient was assessed, diagnosed and a treatment plan was developed. Implemented treatment consisted of behavioural-oriented psychotherapy. The intellectual assessment was conducted to assess the IQ level. Behaviour Analysis was conducted to identify the behaviour excess, behaviour deficits and behaviour assets. At the onset of intervention, clarification of the problem situations was done through antecedent, behaviours and consequences (ABC), motivational interviewing (MI) was also done as it has shown promising results in improving motivation to change and individuals’ confidence in their ability to do so. It also examines how well a programme of positive reinforcement would be accepted in that particular environment.

Key words: Behaviour Modification, Mild Intellectual Disability, Behaviour Oriented Psychotherapy, Motivational Interviewing, Positive Reinforcement.

Page No : 78-85

Author: Dr. Pranay Pandey

DOI Link :

Abstract: Cultural diversity in secondary schools is increasingly prevalent, driven by global trends such as international migration and globalization. This diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for educators and policymakers. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as multicultural education and social learning theory, this study explores the impact of cultural diversity on promoting tolerance and understanding among students. Through a qualitative research design involving case studies and literature review, the study investigates the influence of cultural diversity on students’ attitudes and identifies its benefits for social and academic outcomes. Additionally, the study develops strategies for educators and policymakers to promote cultural diversity in secondary schools. The findings reveal that cultural diversity positively shapes students’ attitudes towards tolerance and understanding, fostering empathy, respect, and appreciation for differences. Moreover, cultural diversity enhances students’ social and academic development by stimulating critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills. However, challenges such as language barriers and biases necessitate comprehensive strategies to support cultural diversity in education. Recommendations include implementing culturally responsive teaching practices, establishing multicultural education programs, enacting inclusive school policies, fostering community engagement, and providing professional development for educators. By embracing these strategies, schools can create inclusive learning environments that celebrate diversity and prepare students for success in a multicultural world.

Key words: Cultural diversity, Secondary schools, Tolerance, Understanding, Multicultural education, Inclusive practices.

Page No : 86 – 93

Author: Susovan Pradhan¹ Dr.Santanu Biswas²

DOI Link :

Abstract: From ancient time onwards women were not given their due respect in the world, in their society, in their village and in their family. It is restriction or limit that created by our own blood relationship, it may be a father, mother, brother or grandparents. Many of rural area, parents show interest to send their girl child for higher studies. The lack of awareness that leads to very less encouragement, because of no people were there to guide them and support them. The researcher has undertaken this study to explore the constraints of the first generation college girls students in the psychological and social perspective. This study is based on the secondary sources of information. The researcher has followed different books, journals etc for collecting
required information. The study concludes that to combat socially created gender prejudices, oppressed women must be given a voice and a voice-raising platform in all areas of life. They also have a ways to go before they can catch up to the rest of society in terms of education, communication, health, and family life.

Key words: society, communication, women,blood relationship,education.

Author: Sk Anoar Ali

DOI Link

Abstract: British economic policy towards India was both innovative and effective. These measures ensured India’s perpetual reliance on the West. These measures undermine the foundations upon which the Indian economy was built. As a result of British dominion, India became the economic hub of the United Kingdom. At first glance, it could seem that the British occupation of India was responsible for the country’s positive social changes. However, following further inspection, these advantages turned out to be fortuitous, at best. The Indian economy was improved only for the purpose of looting it. The researcher, interested in the effects of peasantry, set out to investigate the effects of British rule on India’s cottage industry. The effects on traditional zamindars and the subsequent growth of modern landlordism are also explored. The researcher has followed many Book, Journal, and online sources to get the data needed to complete the goals. The research concludes that the arrival of the British Empire in India had a profound effect on the country’s economy, society, and government.

Key words: Indian economy, British policy, social changes, innovative.

Page No : 99-103

Author: Arpita Dey

DOI Link

Abstract: Any work of art directly or indirectly is a product of contemporary society. Apparently works of art are products of imagination but they are also complex amalgam of socio-cultural circumstances, economic relations of their society, and cross-cultural influences. The present study aims to study the beliefs and practices as reflected in the writings of Sudraka. Various practices have been studied in this article. The researcher has followed different secondary sources of information like books, journals. Internet sources have also been followed for required information. The study concludes that some of the beliefs and practices which were found in the writings of Sudraka are still observed in the modern society of today which seems to be quite astonishing

Key words: Contemporary Society, Socio-Cultural, Sudraka, Cross-Cultural, Human Nature.

Page No : 104-107

Author: Uttam  Kumar Palui

DOI Link :

Abstract: Banmali Bishwal is one of the leading experts on contemporary Sanskrit literature. Jijeevisha, one of his books, is very impressive. From a literary perspective, his work is a benchmark for the genre of short story collection. In this article the researcher has made an attempt to study the Ahopadalalsa of Banmali Bishwal, to analyze critically the Jijeevisha of Banamali Bishwal. It also focuses on the literary style of Banmali Bishwal. To fulfill the objectives of the study the researcher has followed both primary sources and secondary sources. Internet sources have also been followed for gathering information. Among the issues highlighted by the research are child labour, prostitution, poverty, unemployment, drug addiction, and the plight of modern women.

Key words: Sanskrit literature, short story,Banmali Bishwal,

Page No : 108-111

Author: Nargis Tanjima

DOI Link : 

Abstract: After India gained its independence in 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru became the country’s guiding political figure. Nehru’s primary contribution was not in domestic policymaking, but in international relations, since he maintained tight control over foreign affairs for seventeen years and made all the important foreign policy choices himself with little input from his advisors and aides. As a result, the author of this piece has made an effort to elaborate on the foundations of Nehru’s foreign policy by analyzing the actions performed by India’s first prime minister under the banner of world peace. The primary purposes of this study are explanatory and analytical. According to the research question, we relied only on secondary data. Since Nehru maintained tight control over foreign affairs for seventeen years, making the entire major foreign policy decisions himself with minimal input from his advisers and aides; it is safe to say that his greatest impact was in this sphere rather than on the domestic front.

Key words: political, foreign policy, domestic, international relations.

Page No : 112-115

Author: Rupa Bose

DOI Link :

Abstract: The lost civilization of Chandraketugarhis a wonderful civilization.Among the very few archaeological sites that West Bengal can boost of, one that is of utmost important I s the site of “Chandraketugarh”. It is located in Berachapa of North 24 Parganas. Sites of Haroa, Debalaya, Hadipur, Sarpukur, and Jhjikra have produced relics of Ancient Bengal The site is named after the name of the mythical king Chandraketu. He is a controversial character. Many places of Burdwan Hooghly are named after him. Dr.Gourishankar De says the Chandraketu is ethical feudal chief. Archaeological survey of India has discovered in this site KhanaMihirerDhipi which is a temple complex most probably ofthe Pala period and probably it was a temple where Buddhist Jain and Hindu God andGoddess were worshiped. The huge fortified area was first visited by Long Hurt of Dr S.I In in1906. The relics that have been discovered from Chandraketugarh can be dated from PostMaruya to Pala–Sena period including that of the Sunga, Skanva, Kushana, Satavahana and Gupta periods. From the extensive excavation cites it can be said that Chandraketugarh was an agriculture base and commerce base vast riverine civilization which had been a very rich port-city carrying on bats internal, as well as national and international trade within various places. Sunga period saw the growth of terracotta figurines and Kushana period saw the growth of Gandhara Art. The relics of these region they are resembles of Arts if these periods

Key words: Chandraketugharh ,God Goddes ,Agriculture , Ancient Bengal.

Page No : 116-121

Author: Md.Touhid Ahmed

DOI Link : 

Abstract: India is a massive continent-sized nation with a total of 28 individual states and 7 federally recognized territories. It is a country of many different peoples and languages. There are dozens of dialects spoken locally, many distinct cultural traditions, and a wide range of single and dual allegiances. It is only inevitable that, in the middle of such incredible variety, local sentiments, local parties, local institutions, and similar other organizations should develop, all with the goal of representing local interests and giving platforms for local voices. The current research attempts to examine the background of regional movements in India and to explore their motivations. The article also addresses the states’ duties and contributions to regional movements in India. The research found that regional migrations in a democratic society like India are a continuous occurrence tied to socio-cultural and political dynamics.

Page No : 122-126

Key words: Recognized territories, Local institution, Cultural traditions, Regional Movement

Author: Prasanta Kumar Das 

DOI Link : 

Abstract: The coexistence of elephants and humans in West Bengal presents a complex challenge, marked by frequent conflicts that threaten both wildlife and human safety. This study explores strategies aimed at mitigating these conflicts and safeguarding elephants from human-induced harm. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, field observations, and interviews with stakeholders, the research identifies key factors contributing to conflict and evaluates diverse approaches implemented to alleviate tensions. Emphasis is placed on understanding the socio-economic dynamics, land-use patterns, and behavioral aspects influencing human-elephant interactions. The findings underscore the importance of community engagement, habitat conservation, early warning systems, and innovative mitigation measures such as barriers and deterrents. By analyzing the effectiveness and limitations of these strategies, the study aims to provide insights for policymakers, conservationists, and local communities striving towards sustainable coexistence between elephants and humans in West Bengal.

Key words: Elephants, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Conservation Strategies, West Bengal

Page No: 127-136

Author: Dhirendra  Nath Ghosh

DOI Link ::  

Abstract: No matter how the movement approaches the situation, the artists and authors believe change is necessary. It is from this perspective that a revolutionary spirit has been infused into the writing. Artists and writers play a crucial part in society. It has been stated that the pen is mightier than the sword. In this article the researcher has attempted to study the importance of Literature in the freedom struggle of India. This article also discusses the role of famous Bengali Literary figure Bankim Chandra and Rabindra Nath Tagore in the freedom struggle of India. Literature was so influential that the British were compelled to arrest literary artists because of their work’s influence in sparking the revolution. The common humanity and fraternity of all peoples are recognised. Literature from a country becomes really international when its principles, social justice, universality, and brotherhood are reflected in its works.

Page No : 137-140

Key words: The Sundarbans, resource extractors, the impact zone, socio-economic conditions, crisis coping.

Author: Jagan Nath Mahato

DOI Link ::

Abstract: The limited resources of the Sundarbans are indiscriminately extracted which has profound impacts on the overall environment and the economy of the region and the country, at large. A good number of women are involved in extracting the limited resources of the Sundarbans. The women extracting the resources of the Sundarbans are characterized by low level of income, low level of education, do not get the fair price of their products, do not have legal status of extracting the resources and not much scope for engaging in other alternative jobs and socially down looked. It is pertinent to formulate a policy of sustainable resources extraction of the forest for overall betterment of the stakeholders. In this respect, there is need for adequate and updated knowledge about the socio-economic status of the people including the women who are dependent on the resources of the forest, particularly living in the vicinity of the Sundarbans so as to undertake appropriate policy measures in order to reduce their dependency on the resources of the forest. The present study is aimed to present pertinent information on the women who are dependent on the resources of the Sundarbans for their livelihoods.

Page No : 141-146

Key words: The Sundarbans, resource extractors, the impact zone, socio-economic conditions, crisis coping.

Author: Rabin Banerjee¹ Dr. Santanu Biswas²

DOI Link ::

Abstract: Teachers can better meet the worldwide need for the use of technology-based teaching and learning tools and facilities by integrating information, communication, and technology (ICT). Information and communication technology (ICT) is widely regarded as a key factor in Malaysia’s transformation towards the country’s future growth. The current Education Blueprint (2013-2025) from the Ministry of Education highlights the significance of integrating technology-based instruction into the national curriculum for students of all ages. This research attempts to examine how information and communication technologies (ICT) are used in the classroom and what can be learned about their impact on both student learning and classroom instruction. Given the descriptive nature of this investigation, secondary resources have been mined for any pertinent data. In addition to these primary materials, we also made use of secondary resources such books, journals, government documents, and the internet. It follows that successful ICT adoption is essential for maximizing the benefits to both educators and learners. Therefore, the adoption and endorsement of a technology-based teaching and learning model by the school’s administration are the first steps. There will be great success and advantages for both instructors and pupils if the process of integrating technology into schools is carried out correctly from the very beginning stage and the continuing maintenance is effectively supplied.

Page No: 147-151

Key words: Technology (ICT), Communication, Administration, Learning, Facilities.

Author: Sarmistha Biswas¹  Dr. Santanu Biswas²

DOI Link ::  

Abstract: This study explores the transformative role of Sister Nivedita in advancing the status of Indian women. Born as Margaret Elizabeth Noble in Ireland, Sister Nivedita, a disciple of Swami Vivekananda, dedicated her life to the cause of women’s empowerment in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her multifaceted contributions encompassed education, social reform, feminism, and advocacy for women’s rights. Through a biographical analysis, we trace her journey from Irel and to India and her transformative experiences that led to her engagement in the empowerment of Indian women. Inclusion, Sister Nivedita’s transformative role in advancing the status of Indian women is a testament to her dedication, vision, and unwavering commitment to gender equality and empowerment. Her legacy continues to inspire contemporary efforts to uplift women socially, economically, and culturally in India and beyond. This research offers a comprehensive examination of her contributions, shedding light on the enduring impact of her work in the realm of women’s rights and education.

Page No: 152-160

Key words: Sister Nivedita, Transformative Role, Women Education, Feminist.

Author: Khurshida Khatun

DOI Link ::

Abstract: Climate change poses a formidable threat to the Sundarbans region and its communities, situated in the deltaic plains of India and Bangladesh. This article examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the ecological, economic, and social fabric of the Sundarbans community. Rising sea levels, increased salinity intrusion, intensified cyclonic activities, and altered precipitation patterns are identified as primary stressors exacerbating vulnerabilities in this fragile ecosystem. The study synthesizes current scientific literature, empirical data, and local perspectives to underscore the profound consequences on livelihoods dependent on agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Furthermore, it explores adaptive strategies and resilience-building initiatives adopted by local communities, governments, and non-governmental organizations to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. The article concludes with policy recommendations aimed at enhancing adaptive capacities and fostering sustainable development in the Sundarbans region amidst a changing climate.

Page No: 161-166

Key words: Climate Change, Sundarbans, Community Resilience, Adaptation, Vulnerability

Author: তোহিদুল ইসলাম মন্ডল

DOI Link: 

ভূমিকা: লোকসাহিত্য মৌখিক ধারার সাহিত্য যা অতীত ঐতিহ্য ও বর্তমান অভিজ্ঞতাকে আশ্রয় করে রচিত হয়। একটি নির্দিষ্ট ভৌগোলিক পরিমন্ডলে একটি সংহত সমাজমানস থেকে এর উদ্ভব। সাধারণত অক্ষরজ্ঞানহীন পল্লিবাসীরা স্মৃতি ও শ্রুতির ওপর নির্ভর করে এর লালন করে। মূলে ব্যক্তিবিশেষের রচনা হলেও সমষ্টির চর্চায় তা পুষ্টি ও পরিপক্কতা লাভ করে। এজন্য লোকসাহিত্য সমষ্টির ঐতিহ্য, আবেগ, চিন্তা ও মূল্যবোধকে ধারণ করে। বিষয়, ভাষা ও রীতির ক্ষেত্রে প্রচলিত ধারাই এতে অনুসৃত হয়। কল্পনাশক্তি, উদ্ভাবন-ক্ষমতা ও পরিশীলিত চিন্তার অভাব থাকলেও লোকসাহিত্যে শিল্পসৌন্দর্য, রস ও আনন্দবোধের অভাব থাকে না।নর-নারীর প্রেম অবলম্বন করে রচিত বাংলা লোকসঙ্গীতে লৌকিক বা পার্থিব প্রেম এবং তত্ত্ব-ভক্তিমূলক গানে অলৌকিক বা অপার্থিব প্রেমের কথা আছে। রাধাকৃষ্ণের আখ্যান অবলম্বনে রচিত আলকাপ, কবিগান, ঘাটু গান, ঝুমুর, বারমাসি, মেয়েলি গীত, যাত্রাগান, সারি গান.বারমাসি, মেয়েলি গীত, যাত্রাগান, সারি গান,’ও মোর বানিয়া বন্ধু রে’ (ওই), ‘সুজন মাঝি রে, কোন ঘাটে লাগাইবা তোর নাও’ (ভাটিয়ালি), ‘সুন্দইর‍্যা মাঝির নাও উজান চলো ধাইয়া’ (সারিগান) ইত্যাদি গানে রূপক-প্রতীক নেই, আছে নিত্য পরিচিত মানুষ, প্রাণী ও প্রকৃতির চিত্র। জীবনের খন্ড খন্ড চিত্র কথায় ও সুরে অবলীলায় রূপ দিয়েছেন লোকশিল্পীরা।

Keywords: সাংস্কৃতি,লোকসাহিত্য মৌখিক ,ভৌগোলিক পরিমন্ডলে ,অলৌকিক,প্রাণী ও প্রকৃতির চিত্র।

Page No-167-169

Author:Snigdha Biswas

DOI Link:- 

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to better understand the status of women in India throughout the Middle Ages. It sheds light on the ways in which the lives of Muslim and Hindu women are comparable as well. This research shows how tough it was for women in mediaeval India. Social customs in early mediaeval India were based on the caste system. It reveals how powerful women were throughout that time. Throughout their lives, the Indian women have endured immense suffering.  According to historical accounts, women were enslaved and forced to do a wide variety of menial tasks, including dancing professionally for the royal court and serving as courtesans in temples (Deva-dasi) (Borah, 2021).

Keywords: Medieval India, Hindu Women, Muslim Society, Mughals, Spiritual Movements.

Page No : 170-178

Author: Krishna Kanta Das

DOI Link : 

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to better understand the status of women in India throughout the Middle Ages. It sheds light on the ways in which the lives of Muslim and Hindu women are comparable as well. This research shows how tough it was for women in mediaeval India. Social customs in early mediaeval India were based on the caste system. It reveals how powerful women were throughout that time. Throughout their lives, the Indian women have endured immense suffering.  According to historical accounts, women were enslaved and forced to do a wide variety of menial tasks, including dancing professionally for the royal court and serving as courtesans in temples (Deva-dasi) (Borah, 2021). Scientists have discovered that Muslim women really had it better than Hindu women. In contrast to Hindu women, Islamic women might inherit their parents’ wealth and remarry after a divorce.

Keywords: Cypermethrin, Wildlife Populations, Metabolic, Wildlife Populations, High Concentration.

Page No : 179-184

Author: Rayan Das

DOI Link:-

Abstract: Cypermethrin is generally safe for both people and animals when used as directed on the label since it has minimal toxicity to mammals. It might have negative effects on health and the environment. This study intends to contribute to our knowledge of the possible dangers of pesticide exposure in wildlife populations by methodically evaluating these reproductive parameters in order to offer thorough insights into the effects of different doses of cypermethrin on the reproductive physiology of mice, Mus musculus (L.). As the concentration increased, the number of females conceived decreases. This study also suggested that the concentration of the substance played a role in female breeding success. As the concentration increased, fertility appeared to decrease. It also suggested that the gestation period in an organism was influenced by the concentration of Cypermethrin. As the concentration increases, the gestation period lengthens. Cypermethrin’s effects on the oestrus cycle may accumulate over time, exacerbating reproductive dysfunction with prolonged or repeated exposure.

Keywords: Cypermethrin, Wildlife Populations, Metabolic, Wildlife Populations, High Concentration.

Page No: 185-189

Author: Mr.Partha Mukherjee¹ Dr. Rakesh Kumar Khere²

DOI Link:- 

Abstract: This study presents a comparative analysis of ICT utilization in libraries of government and private teacher training colleges in South Bengal. Through an examination of ICT infrastructure, services, utilization, challenges, and recommendations, significant disparities between the two sectors are identified. Private colleges demonstrate superior ICT infrastructure, services, and utilization rates compared to government colleges, which face budgetary constraints and outdated technology. User perception and usage patterns further highlight the importance of addressing these disparities. The study provides recommendations for policy improvements, institutional strategies, and staff training initiatives to enhance ICT integration and bridge the digital divide in teacher training college libraries.

Keywords: ICT utilization,Teacher training colleges, Government college, Private college, South Bengal.

Page No: 190-200

Author: Mithu Bag¹ Dr. Sindhu Bala²

DOI Link:  

Abstract: This study investigates the underlying causes of juvenile delinquency and its distinct impacts on urban and rural environments. By examining socio-economic factors, family dynamics, peer influences, and educational challenges, the research highlights critical differences in the root causes of delinquency between urban and rural settings. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, utilizing surveys, interviews, and statistical analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Findings indicate that urban areas experience higher rates of delinquency due to greater exposure to crime and gang activities, while rural areas face challenges related to limited access to social services and recreational activities. The research underscores the necessity of tailored intervention programs addressing specific environmental factors to effectively mitigate juvenile delinquency and its adverse effects on community well-being.

Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency, Urban Environment, Rural Environment, Socio-economic Factors, Intervention Programs.

Page No : 201-214

Author: Dr. Satnam Kaur Johal¹ Dr. Parwinderjit Kaur²

DOI Link:  

Abstract: The NEP 2020 is the first education policy of the twenty-first century, succeeding the thirty-four-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986. This is a highly comprehensive policy that covers all levels of schooling. The policy is in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which aspires to transform India into a worldwide information giant by making education more holistic, adaptable, and multidisciplinary. It recognizes the fundamental pillars of Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, and Accountability. This is appropriate for the twenty-first century and aims to bring out each student’s individual potential. It includes all of the elements that will lead to the complete inclusion of disabled children in India’s educational system. However, there are many gaps and issues that must be addressed from the perspective of a disability activist.

Keywords: National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020), Foundational Pillars, Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.

Page No: 215-218

Author: Suvrangsu Sekhar Saha¹ Dr. Sindhu Bala²

DOI Link:  

Abstract: This research explores the socio-economic determinants influencing career aspirations among SC community higher secondary students. Through a comprehensive analysis, factors such as family income, parental education, cultural influences, and government policies were investigated. Findings revealed disparities in aspirations based on socio-economic backgrounds, with higher-income families and educated parents correlating with more ambitious career goals. Access to resources, including educational guidance and financial aid, also played a significant role. Policy recommendations include enhancing career guidance services, increasing financial support, and strengthening affirmative action policies. Addressing socio-economic barriers is crucial for promoting equity and diversity in education and the workforce.

Keywords: socio-economic determinants,career aspirations ,SC community,Educational guidance,Affirmative Action.

Page No: 219-228

Author: Kalipada Jana¹ Bidyarthi Dutta²

DOI Link:-

Abstract: Keywords are used in our everyday life. The link between user-generated content and what they are seeking for is created via keywords. In order to adequately describe a subject’s content, keywords are crucial. An interdisciplinary field, linguistics draws from the study of languages, particularly English, as well as disciplines like psychology, sociology, cognitive science, and so forth. This study’s primary goal is to ascertain the process by which keywords in a certain subject are generated. There are numerous methods in linguistics for coining new words. The classification of the linguistic analysis’s keyword components is explained in this study. The study of onomastic words (OW), endocentric words (EW), exocentric words (XW), copulative words (PW), Subject-Specific Compound Words (SSW), and Domain-Specific Compound Words (DSW) is highlighted in this work from the linguistic as well as semantic viewpoint.

Keywords: Linguistics; Onomastic Words (OW);Subject-Specific Compound Words (SSW); Domain-Specific Compound Words (DSW).

Page NO: 229-236

Author: Avijit Patra¹ Dr. Sindhu Bala²

DOI Link:- 

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) on special needs children in upper primary schools of Howrah and PaschimMedinipur. Through a mixed-methods approach, the research explores the academic and non-academic outcomes of CCE implementation, considering regional differences and socio-economic factors. Key findings reveal improvements in academic performance, skill development, and overall well-being among special needs children under CCE. However, disparities in resources, infrastructure, and teacher preparedness between urban Howrah and rural PaschimMedinipur highlight the need for targeted interventions and policy adjustments to ensure equitable access to quality education for all learners. The study underscores the importance of collaboration, community engagement, and inclusive practices in promoting academic success and holistic development for special needs children.

Keywords: Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, special needs children, inclusive education, regional disparities, academic outcomes.

Page No: 237-246

Author: Utsab Ranjan Kar

DOI Link:- 

Abstract: India has always had a diverse population in terms of languages, faiths, ethnicities, cultures, and geographical regions. For this reason, India is said to be a multilingual, multicultural, multiethnic regions. For this reason, India is said to be a multilingual, multicultural, multiethnic, and multi religious nation. The fundamental tenet of the Indian nation is multiculturalism. Despite its variety, India retains its national unity. Religion, language, location, caste, color, and the divide between the wealthy and the general populace, which is always expanding, are all ways that India’s remarkable diversity in social and physical structure has been expressed. A country adopts its political institutions based on the makeup of its society, the diversity of its people and places, and its regional divisions. India’s multi-party system is a good representation of the country’s diversity and is crucial to the smooth operation of its democratic government.

Keywords: Regional, Political, Parties, population, languages.

Page No: 247-256