Author: Abdul Rashid
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/02040001
Abstract : There was hardly an all-out ban on women in politics. From “behind the veil,” talented women strove to influence governmental decisions. Mediaeval India was distinct from preceding epochs in Indian history. The political structure of India was drastically altered when Islam was introduced there. It’s hard to pinpoint exactly how Islam influenced women’s political engagement in India, but there’s no denying that things have improved. The purpose of this research is to examine women’s participation in politics during Babur’s reign and to open a dialogue on their participation in politics throughout Akbar’s reign and beyond. The research shows that despite social pressure, women did not remain out of politics and instead made significant contributions in a number of fields.
Keywords: Mediaeval India, Political Structure, Women, Cultural Influence.
Page No : 1-8
Author: Maneesha & DR. Santanu Biswas
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/02040002
Abstract : During the nineteenth century, Savitribai Jyotirao Phule was a well-known Indian educator and social reformer who made significant contributions to education, particularly in the area of women’s education. She was born on January 3, 1831, and is regarded as one of India’s earliest contemporary feminists. She is recognised for being India’s first female teacher and working to advance women and untouchables in the realm of education, among her other achievements. She spent her whole life—along with her husband Jyotirao Phule—to demand dignity for all women. She placed a high value on the ideals of justice, equality, liberty, and humanity. She created a flame that led to equality in education, which was previously unachievable during a period when women were only things. According to Hari Narke, “Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule stand out as an extraordinary couple in the social and educational history of India. They were engaged in a passionate struggle to build a movement for equality between men and women as well as for social justice.” She is regarded as one of the “Crusaders of gender justice” as well. She established her own girls’ school in Pune in 1848, and in 1852, she took on a particularly difficult issue by opening a school for Untouchable girls. She spoke out vehemently against the limitations placed on women that contributed to their subjugation. The distinguishing characteristic of her prominent personality is her focus on secular education for social liberation in India. By getting to know her better and comprehending her challenges, we would be able to examine a life that not only transformed Indian education but also awakened mankind to its true nature. The goal of the current study piece is to determine Savitribai Jyotirao Phule’s significance from the perspective of Indian women’s education.
Keywords: Savitribai Phule, Jyotirao Phule, Gender Equality, Women Education, Social Reformer.
Page No : 9-18
Author: নমিতা মাইতি
DOI Link :: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02040003
Abstract : বাঙালির জীবনের আনন্দ-বেদনাকে সাবলীল স্বচ্ছন্দ ভাষায় যে কথাশিল্পী পরম সহানুভূতি ভরে তুলে ধরেছেন বাংলা সাহিত্যে, তিনি শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়। ১৮৭৫ সালের ১৫ সেপ্টেম্বর, হুগলি জেলার ছোট্ট গ্রাম দেবানন্দপুরে এক দরিদ্র ব্রাহ্মণ পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন শরৎচন্দ্র।দারিদ্র্যের কারণে তাঁর শৈশবকাল বলতে গেলে মাতুলালয় ভাগলপুরেই কেটেছে।দারিদ্র্যের কারণে ফি দিতে না পেরে বেশ কয়েকবার স্কুল বদলিও করতে হয়েছিলো ছোটবেলা থেকেই দুরন্ত ও মেধাবী শরৎচন্দ্রের।এন্ট্রান্স পাস করে কলেজে ভর্তি হলেও এফএ পরীক্ষার ফি জোগাড় করতে না পেরে পরীক্ষায় বসতে পারেননি।দারিদ্র্য যখন শিক্ষাজীবনে অব্যহতি টানলো, তারপরই শুরু হলো আপাত সাধারণ এই মানুষটির বর্ণাঢ্য কর্ম ও সাহিত্যজীবন।এ সময় প্রতিবেশী বিভূতিভূষণ ভট্টের বাড়িতে আয়োজিত সাহিত্যসভায় লেখালেখির অনুপ্রেরণা ফিরে পেলেন যেন আবার।যার ফলশ্রুতিতে বাংলা সাহিত্য পেয়েছিলো বড়দিদি, দেবদাস, চন্দ্রনাথ, শুভদা’র মতো কালোত্তীর্ণ শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় এর উপন্যাস সমগ্র। কাছাকাছি সময়ে শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের ছোটগল্প অনুপমার প্রেম, আলো ও ছায়া, হরিচরণ, বোঝা ইত্যাদি রচিত হয়।বনেলী রাজ স্টেটে সেটলমেন্ট অফিসারের সহকারী হিসেবে কিছুদিন কাজ করেন এসময়। কিন্তু তারপরই বাবার উপর অভিমান করে সন্ন্যাসদলে যোগ দিয়ে গান ও নাটকে অভিনয়ে মনোনিবেশ করেন।কখনও কলকাতা হাইকোর্টের অনুবাদক, আবার বার্মা রেলওয়ের হিসাব দপ্তরের কেরানি হিসেবেও কাজ করেন শরৎচন্দ্র।রাজনীতিতেও সক্রিয়ভাবে যুক্ত ছিলেন ১৯২১ সালে কংগ্রেসের অসহযোগ আন্দোলনে যোগ দিয়ে, এবং হাওড়া জেলা কংগ্রেসের সভাপতি নির্বাচিত হয়ে।এর মাঝে নিরন্তর চলেছে নিজস্ব জীবনবোধ ও অভিজ্ঞতা উৎসারিত সাহিত্যচর্চা।সমষ্টি আকারে শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় গল্প সমগ্র বিন্দুর ছেলে ও অন্যান্য, শ্রীকান্ত-৪ খন্ড, কাশীনাথ, ছেলেবেলার গল্প ইত্যাদি সময় নিয়ে প্রকাশিত হলেও পেয়েছিলো দারুণ পাঠকপ্রিয়তা।শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় এর বই সমূহ বিভিন্ন ভাষায় অনূদিত হয়েছে, এবং বিশ্বব্যাপী পাঠকের কাছে হয়েছে সমাদৃত।শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় এর বই সমগ্র দেবদাস, শ্রীকান্ত, রামের সুমতি, দেনা-পাওনা, বিরাজবৌ ইত্যাদি থেকে বাংলাসহ ভারতীয় নানা ভাষায় নির্মিত হয়েছে অসাধারণ সফল সব চিত্রনাট্য ও চলচ্চিত্র।সাহিত্যকর্মে অসাধারণ অবদানের জন্য এই খ্যাতিমান বাংলা সাহিত্যিক কুন্তলীন পুরস্কার, জগত্তারিণী স্বর্ণপদক এবং ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ডিলিট উপাধি লাভ করেন। ১৯৩৮ সালের ১৬ জানুয়ারি কলকাতায় শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় শেষ নিঃশ্বাস ত্যাগ করেন।
সূচকশব্দঃ বাংলা সাহিত্যে,শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের ছোটগল্প,নিজস্ব জীবনবোধ,সাহিত্যকর্ম।
Page No : 19-25
Author: বৈশাখী দাস
DOI Link :: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02040004
Abstract: গবেষকের গবেষণার আলোচ্য বিষয় হল তারাশঙ্করের ছোটোগল্পে পুরুষ চরিত্র। নিয়তি, প্রবৃত্তি, হৃদয়াতুর বেদনা বাস্তবতার নীরিখে আধুনিকতার মিশেলে তারা শঙ্করের সৃষ্ট পুরুষ চরিত্র হল অনন্য ও জীবন্ত। লিঙ্গ ভেদানুযায়ী নারী চরিত্রের পাশাপাশি পুরুষ চরিত্র গুলি সদা সজীব। তারা শঙ্করের সাহিত্যে একদিকে যেমন রয়েছে তাঁর সামগ্রিক জীবনবোধ, অন্যদিকে তেমন আছে মানুষের জীবন মহিমার প্রতি অকুন্ঠ ভালোবাসা। নিম্ন বর্গীয়রা তারাশঙ্করের রচনায় বিশেষ ভাবে স্থান পেল। তাঁর ক্লান্তিহীন অন্বেষণে মাটির কাছে থাকা মানুষের স্বপ্নকে লেখক নিজ স্বপ্নের আঙিনায় রাঙিয়ে তুললেন। যা তার লেখক জীবনের স্বার্থকতা এবং কলমের স্পর্শের মহিমান্বিত সন্ধিক্ষণকে বাস্তবায়িত করে।
Key words: নিয়তি, প্রবৃত্তি, হৃদয়াতুর বেদনা, পুরুষ চরিত্র, নিম্নবর্গীয়, স্বার্থকতা, মহিমান্বিত, সন্ধিক্ষণ।
Page No : 26-30
Author: সরোজ সেনাপতি
DOI Link :https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02040005
Abstract: ভারতবর্ষ কৃষি প্রধান দেশ। কৃষি হল ভিত্তি আর শিল্প ভবিষ্যৎ। জলবায়ুর উপর নির্ভর করে গড়ে ওঠে মানুষের জীবন জীবিকা। আর্থিক উন্নয়ন ব্যক্তি থেকে সমাজের উন্নয়ন ধাবিত। সামাজিক উন্নয়নের হাতিয়ার শিক্ষা। শিক্ষার গতিপ্রকৃতি নিয়ন্ত্রণ হয় শিক্ষার মৌলিক উপাদান পাঠ্যক্রমের দ্বারা। ভবিষ্যতের নাগরিক শিশুকে শিক্ষা জীবন বিকাশের প্রক্রিয়ায় পৌঁছে দেয়। বিদ্যালয়ের ঘড়ি হল টাইমটেবিল তেমনি পাঠ্যক্রম হলো শিক্ষার ঘড়ি। শিশুর প্রয়োজনে সমাজের প্রয়োজনে দরকার আমাদের শিক্ষা। শিক্ষা চিন্তার ধারাবাহিক বিবর্তন যুগ যুগ হতে। প্রাচীন ভারতবর্ষ থেকে শুরু করে বর্তমান সময়কাল পযন্ত শিক্ষার ক্রম পরিবর্তন একমুখী নয় হয়েছে ভিন্নমুখী। ব্রহ্ম সত্য জগত মিথ্যা থেকে শুরু করে গুরুবাক্য বেদবাক্য। অন্যত্র ICT এর সময়ে প্রযুক্তি নির্ভর ভাবনায় শিক্ষা চিন্তা পরিবর্তিত হচ্ছে। পাঠ্যক্রম কেন্দ্রিক ভাবনার ক্ষেত্রে নানাবিধ দিক থাকে। পাঠ্যক্রমের নীতি নির্ধারণ। স্বাভাবিক গতি প্রকৃতি বিভাজন, আশ্রয়স্থান, নিয়ন্ত্রণ সবকিছু সমকালীন পরিমণ্ডল কেন্দ্রিক ভাবনার অনুষঙ্গ, সমাজের আর্থিক উন্নয়ন হলে পারিবারিক উন্নয়নের সাথে সাথে শিশুর মেধাগত উন্নয়ন ও সমানতালে চলে। সময়ের বিবর্তনের বুদ্ধাঙ্কের ও পরিবর্তন লক্ষণীয়। কৃষিকাজ কিংবা জলবায়ুগত কারণে শিশুর দৈহিক ক্ষমতার পাশাপাশি লড়াকু মানসিকতার জন্ম দেয়। প্রাসঙ্গিকভাবে তখন প্রয়োজন হয় নতুন কিছু উদ্ভাবনমূলক চিন্তা যা তার জীবনের পরিপন্থী হিসেবে কাজ করবে। পাঠ্যক্রম ক্রম উন্নয়ন শিশুকে পাঠ্যমুখী করার সোপান। পাঠ্যক্রমের মধ্য দিয়ে সার্বিক বিকাশ ও হয়। যে পাঠ্যক্রমে আমরা নির্ভর করছে সেই পাঠ্যক্রম কাকে নির্ভর করছে? মানুষের রুচির উপর খাদ্য নির্ভর করে, মানুষ ভবিষ্যৎ পরিকল্পনার স্বপ্ন দেখে। নিজশিক্ষা চিন্তা দ্বারাই মানুষের দর্শন কাজ করে। ফলত পাঠ্যক্রম সমকালীন পরিমণ্ডল দ্বারাই তার ভীত প্রশস্থ করে। দার্শনিক ভাবনা ও চিন্তায় একান্ত প্রাপ্ত হয়ে বলতে হয় ভিত্তি ভূমি সমাজ আর গঠনশৈলী মানুষের আচরণ। সুতরাং মানুষের স্বাভাবিক জীবন ছন্দের সাথে তাল মিলিয়েই একটি পাঠ্যক্রম তৈরি হয়।
Key words: পাঠ্যক্রম, কৃষিকাজ, হাতিয়ার, উদ্ভাবন, জলবায়ু।
Page no : 31-35
Author: মৌটুসী সাহা
DOI Link :: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02040006
Abstract: ‘বনলতা সেন’ কাব্যে জীবনানন্দের ইতিহাস-চেতনায় কোনো ঘটনা তারিখ বা বিবরণ নেই, এমনকি প্রচলিত অর্থের ইতিহাস-চেতনাও নেই। নারীকে বা নারীকেন্দ্রিক প্রেমকে মাধ্যম করে প্রকাশিত হয়েছে জীবনানন্দের প্রবল ইতিহাস-চেতনা। মনন ঋদ্ধ আবেগ ও ভাবনা জীবনানন্দ দাশের কাব্যে যে ধরনের স্বকীয় উদ্ভাস এনে দিয়েছিল, সেই উদ্ভাস থেকেই এক সুস্থিত ইতিহাস চেতনা কবির কাব্যে নিরবচ্ছিন্ন ও স্পষ্টভাবে প্রকাশিত কাব্যের নাম কবিতা, সবিতা, সুরঞ্জনা, নগ্ন নির্জন হাত, মিতভাষণ, শ্যামলী ইত্যাদি কবিতায় অন্তহীন সময়ের পটভূমিতে বহমান মানব সমাজের অগ্রগতির বোধ, পরিপূর্ণতার সহজ অন্বেষা ও শুভ প্রয়াণের ব্যগ্রতায় পৃথিবীর রণ রক্ত কোলাহলের অন্তর্লীন তাড়নার প্রকৃত তাৎপর্য অনুধাবনের মধ্যেই জীবনানন্দ একধরনের বিবর্তমান ইতিহাস চেতনা সঞ্চারিত করে গেছেন।
Key words: জীবনানন্দ দাশ, বনলতা সেন, ইতিহাস চেতনা ,
Page No : 36-44
Author: Dr. Mamta Shah
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/02040007
Abstract: South Asian countries like India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives and Bhutan have been considered as a source of religious, philosophical, cultural, scientific and culinary influences since ages. The historic traditions of these countries not only depict how different religions and cultures of these regions are related to each other, but also the dynamics of their influence on the contemporary world. The diversity of these countries also expresses their social, political and artistic ideas and their remarkable influence on the rest of the world through their linguistic, cultural and ethnic range. The study also points out how their intellectual ideas and philosophies are shared or sometimes opposed by the entire globe. So, present paper is going to examine the socio- cultural characteristics of South Asia, entailing their traditions and living, besides their influences on the rest of the world over time. It is also going to explore the resilient and vibrant journey of these diversified cultures throughout the recent past.
Keywords: Culture, Religious, Lifestyle, Languages, Influence, Traditions, Linguistic.
Page No : 45-56
Author: Dr. Mukta Goyal & Tanwangini Sahani
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/02040008
Abstract: Synthetic biology and gene editing are cutting-edge technologies poised to transform healthcare and advance Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) – “Good Health and Well-being.” Synthetic biology involves designing biological components for novel functions, driving personalized medicine and innovative therapies. Gene editing, especially with CRISPR-Cas9, enables precise DNA modifications, revolutionizing disease treatment and health equity. This research assesses the current state of these technologies, identifies adoption barriers, explores successful applications, and evaluates economic feasibility. Despite their potential, challenges hinder widespread implementation. Through case studies and economic analysis, this study aims to unlock synthetic biology and gene editing’s full potential in achieving SDG 3, ensuring healthier lives worldwide.
Keywords: Synthetic Biology, Gene Editing, Personalized Medicine, Crispr-Cas9, Dna Modifications, Innovation.
Page No : 57-65
Author: Dr. Abhishek Srivastava
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/02040009
Abstract: This paper explores the metaphorical concept of social media functioning as a “virus” in society, particularly focusing on its role in spreading misinformation and disinformation. It delves into the mechanisms of how false information proliferates on social media platforms, the impact of such information on various societal sectors, and strategies to mitigate these effects. This journey from misinformation to disinformation involves several stages and mechanisms, facilitated by the pervasive and instantaneous nature of social media platforms.
Keywords: Information Age, Misinformation, Disinformation, Transparent Social Media, Controlled News.
Page No : 66-72
Author: Dr. Vijay Bharati
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400010
Abstract: If women want to improve their social standing, they must get an education. Socioeconomic development may benefit greatly from the contributions of educated women. They may regain their standing both inside and outside of their families via education, which reduces gaps and inequalities. In terms of women’s empowerment, wealth, progress, and welfare, it is the deciding element. Women get more power via education. This kind of power is born out of emancipation, and emancipation itself is a product of education. In India, women’s empowerment, inequality, and social vulnerability are all impacted by education. As far as women’s education in India is concerned, this article makes an attempt to sketch the developing picture.
Keywords: Women Education, Empowerment, Opportunities.
Page No : 73-77
Author: Mr. Pradeep Kumar
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400011
Abstract: A patient admitted to a private mental health institution for treatment with a diagnosis of Mild Intellectual Disability was the subject of this research, the objective of which was to ascertain and demonstrate the process of behaviour change. Overeating, poor financial management, violent outbursts, and assaultive behaviour when things are not done his way were among the patient’s reported symptoms. A diagnosis was made after the patient underwent evaluation, and a course of therapy was devised. The psychotherapy approach focused on changing behaviour was the one put into practice. In order to determine IQ, an intellectual evaluation was carried out. The purpose of the behaviour analysis was to determine the positive, negative, and excess aspects of the behaviour. Motivational interviewing (MI) was also implemented at the beginning of the intervention to clarify the problem situations through antecedent, behaviours, and consequences (ABC). MI has demonstrated promising results in improving individuals’ motivation to change and confidence in their ability to do so. Additionally, it investigates the level of acceptance that specific setting would have for a positive reinforcement scheme.
Keywords: Behaviour Modification, Mild Intellectual Disability, Behaviour Oriented Psychotherapy, Motivational Interviewing, Positive Reinforcement.
Page No : 78-85
Author: Dr. Pranay Pandey
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400012
Abstract: Cultural diversity in secondary schools is increasingly prevalent, driven by global trends such as international migration and globalization. This diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for educators and policymakers. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as multicultural education and social learning theory, this study explores the impact of cultural diversity on promoting tolerance and understanding among students. Through a qualitative research design involving case studies and literature review, the study investigates the influence of cultural diversity on students’ attitudes and identifies its benefits for social and academic outcomes. Additionally, the study develops strategies for educators and policymakers to promote cultural diversity in secondary schools. The findings reveal that cultural diversity positively shapes students’ attitudes towards tolerance and understanding, fostering empathy, respect, and appreciation for differences. Moreover, cultural diversity enhances students’ social and academic development by stimulating critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills. However, challenges such as language barriers and biases necessitate comprehensive strategies to support cultural diversity in education. Recommendations include implementing culturally responsive teaching practices, establishing multicultural education programs, enacting inclusive school policies, fostering community engagement, and providing professional development for educators. By embracing these strategies, schools can create inclusive learning environments that celebrate diversity and prepare students for success in a multicultural world.
Keywords: Cultural diversity, Secondary schools, Tolerance, Understanding, Multicultural Education, Inclusive Practices
Page No : 86-93
Author: Susovan Pradhan & DR. Santanu Biswas
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400013
Abstract: From ancient time onwards women were not given their due respect in the world, in their society, in their village and in their family. It is restriction or limit that created by our own blood relationship, it may be a father, mother, brother or grandparents. Many of rural area, parents show interest to send their girl child for higher studies. The lack of awareness that leads to very less encouragement, because of no people were there to guide them and support them. The researcher has undertaken this study to explore the constraints of the first generation college girls students in the psychological and social perspective. This study is based on the secondary sources of information. The researcher has followed different books, journals etc for collecting required information. The study concludes that to combat socially created gender prejudices, oppressed women must be given a voice and a voice-raising platform in all areas of life. They also have a ways to go before they can catch up to the rest of society in terms of education, communication, health, and family life.
Keywords: Society, Communication, Women, Blood Relationship, Education.
Page No : 94-98
Author: Sk Anoar Ali
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400014
Abstract: British economic policy towards India was both innovative and effective. These measures ensured India’s perpetual reliance on the West. These measures undermine the foundations upon which the Indian economy was built. As a result of British dominion, India became the economic hub of the United Kingdom. At first glance, it could seem that the British occupation of India was responsible for the country’s positive social changes. However, following further inspection, these advantages turned out to be fortuitous, at best. The Indian economy was improved only for the purpose of looting it. The researcher, interested in the effects of peasantry, set out to investigate the effects of British rule on India’s cottage industry. The effects on traditional zamindars and the subsequent growth of modern landlordism are also explored. The researcher has followed many book, journal, and online sources to get the data needed to complete the goals. The research concludes that the arrival of the British Empire in India had a profound effect on the country’s economy, society, and government.
Keywords: Indian economy, British policy, social changes, innovative.
Page No : 99-103
Author: Arpita Dey
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400015
Abstract: Any work of art directly or indirectly is a product of contemporary society. Apparently works of art are products of imagination but they are also complex amalgam of socio-cultural circumstances, economic relations of their society, and cross-cultural influences. The present study aims to study the beliefs and practices as reflected in the writings of Sudraka. Various practices have been studied in this article. The researcher has followed different secondary sources of information like books, journals. Internet sources have also been followed for required information. The study concludes that some of the beliefs and practices which were found in the writings of Sudraka are still observed in the modern society of today which seems to be quite astonishing.
Keywords: Contemporary Society, Socio-Cultural, Sudraka, Cross-Cultural, Human Nature.
Page No : 104-107
Author: Uttam Kumar Palui
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400016
Abstract: Banmali Bishwal is one of the leading experts on contemporary Sanskrit literature. Jijeevisha, one of his books, is very impressive. From a literary perspective, his work is a benchmark for the genre of short story collection. In this article the researcher has made an attempt to study the Ahopadalalsa of Banmali Bishwal, to analyze critically the Jijeevisha of Banamali Bishwal. It also focuses on the literary style of Banmali Bishwal. To fulfill the objectives of the study the researcher has followed both primary sources and secondary sources. Internet sources have also been followed for gathering information. Among the issues highlighted by the research are child labour, prostitution, poverty, unemployment, drug addiction, and the plight of modern women.
Keywords: Sanskrit literature, short story, Banmali Bishwal.
Page No : 108-111
Author: Nargis Tanjima
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400017
Abstract: After India gained its independence in 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru became the country’s guiding political figure. Nehru’s primary contribution was not in domestic policymaking, but in international relations, since he maintained tight control over foreign affairs for seventeen years and made all the important foreign policy choices himself with little input from his advisors and aides. As a result, the author of this piece has made an effort to elaborate on the foundations of Nehru’s foreign policy by analyzing the actions performed by India’s first prime minister under the banner of world peace. The primary purposes of this study are explanatory and analytical. According to the research question, we relied only on secondary data. Since Nehru maintained tight control over foreign affairs for seventeen years, making the entire major foreign policy decisions himself with minimal input from his advisers and aides; it is safe to say that his greatest impact was in this sphere rather than on the domestic front.
Keywords: political, foreign policy, domestic, international relations.
Page No : 112-115
Author: Rupa Bose
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400018
Abstract: The lost civilization of Chandraketugarhis a wonderful civilization.Among the very few archaeological sites that West Bengal can boost of, one that is ofutmost important I s the site of “Chandraketugarh”. It is located in Berachapa of North 24Parganas. Sites of Haroa, Debalaya, Hadipur, Sarpukur, and Jhjikra have produced relics ofAncient Bengal The site is named after the name of the mythical king Chandraketu. He is acontroversial character. Many places of Burdwan Hooghly are named after him. Dr.Gourishankar De says the Chandraketu is ethical feudal chief. Archaeological survey of Indiahas discovered in this site KhanaMihirerDhipi which is a temple complex most probably ofthe Pala period and probably it was a temple where Buddhist Jain and Hindu God andGoddess were worshiped. The huge fortified area was first visited by Long Hurt of Dr S.I In in1906. The relics that have been discovered from Chandraketugarh can be dated from PostMaruya to Pala–Sena period including that of the Sunga, Skanva, Kushana, Satavahana andGupta periods. From the extensive excavation cites it can be said that Chandraketugarh wasan agriculture base and commerce base vast riverine civilization which had been a very richport-city carrying on bats internal, as wellas national and international trade within variousplaces. Sunga period saw the growth of terracotta figurines and Kushana period saw thegrowth of Gandhara Art. The relics of these region they are resembles of Arts if theseperiods.
Keywords: Chandraketugharh, God Goddes, Agriculture, Ancient Bengal.
Page No : 116-121
Author: Md. Touhid Ahmed
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400019
Abstract: India is a massive continent-sized nation with a total of 28 individual states and 7 federally recognized territories. It is a country of many different peoples and languages. There are dozens of dialects spoken locally, many distinct cultural traditions, and a wide range of single and dual allegiances. It is only inevitable that, in the middle of such incredible variety, local sentiments, local parties, local institutions, and similar other organizations should develop, all with the goal of representing local interests and giving platforms for local voices. The current research attempts to examine the background of regional movements in India and to explore their motivations. The article also addresses the states’ duties and contributions to regional movements in India. The research found that regional migrations in a democratic society like India are a continuous occurrence tied to socio-cultural and political dynamics.
Keywords: Recognized Territories, Local Institution, Cultural Traditions, Regional Movement.
Page No : 122-126
Author: Prasanta Kumar Das
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400020
Abstract: The coexistence of elephants and humans in West Bengal presents a complex challenge, marked by frequent conflicts that threaten both wildlife and human safety. This study explores strategies aimed at mitigating these conflicts and safeguarding elephants from human-induced harm. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, field observations, and interviews with stakeholders, the research identifies key factors contributing to conflict and evaluates diverse approaches implemented to alleviate tensions. Emphasis is placed on understanding the socio-economic dynamics, land-use patterns, and behavioral aspects influencing human-elephant interactions. The findings underscore the importance of community engagement, habitat conservation, early warning systems, and innovative mitigation measures such as barriers and deterrents. By analyzing the effectiveness and limitations of these strategies, the study aims to provide insights for policymakers, conservationists, and local communities striving towards sustainable coexistence between elephants and humans in West Bengal.
Keywords: Elephants, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Conservation Strategies, West Bengal
Page No : 127-136
Author: Dhirendra Nath Ghosh
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400021
Abstract: No matter how the movement approaches the situation, the artists and authors believe change is necessary. It is from this perspective that a revolutionary spirit has been infused into the writing. Artists and writers play a crucial part in society. It has been stated that the pen is mightier than the sword. In this article the researcher has attempted to study the importance of Literature in the freedom struggle of India. This article also discusses the role of famous Bengali Literary figure Bankim Chandra and Rabindra Nath Tagore in the freedom struggle of India. Literature was so influential that the British were compelled to arrest literary artists because of their work’s influence in sparking the revolution. The common humanity and fraternity of all peoples are recognised. Literature from a country becomes really international when its principles, social justice, universality, and brotherhood are reflected in its works.
Keywords: Bengali Literary, Universal Humanity, Revolution, Independence, Regional Languages.
Page No : 137-140
Author: Jagan Nath Mahato
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400022
Abstract: The limited resources of the Sundarbans are indiscriminately extracted which has profound impacts on the overall environment and the economy of the region and the country, at large. A good number of women are involved in extracting the limited resources of the Sundarbans. The women extracting the resources of the Sundarbans are characterized by low level of income, low level of education, do not get the fair price of their products, do not have legal status of extracting the resources and not much scope for engaging in other alternative jobs and socially down looked. It is pertinent to formulate a policy of sustainable resources extraction of the forest for overall betterment of the stakeholders. In this respect, there is need for adequate and updated knowledge about the socio-economic status of the people including the women who are dependent on the resources of the forest, particularly living in the vicinity of the Sundarbans so as to undertake appropriate policy measures in order to reduce their dependency on the resources of the forest. The present study is aimed to present pertinent information on the women who are dependent on the resources of the Sundarbans for their livelihoods.
Keywords: The Sundarbans, Resource Extractors, The Impact Zone, Socio-Economic Conditions, Crisis Coping.
Page No : 141-146
Author: Rabin Banerjee & DR. Santanu Biswas
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400023
Abstract: Teachers can better meet the worldwide need for the use of technology-based teaching and learning tools and facilities by integrating information, communication, and technology (ICT). Information and communication technology (ICT) is widely regarded as a key factor in Malaysia’s transformation towards the country’s future growth. The current Education Blue print (2013-2025) from the Ministry of Education highlights the significance of integrating technology-based instruction into the national curriculum for students of all ages. This research attempts to examine how information and communication technologies (ICT) are used in the classroom and what can be learned about their impact on both student learning and classroom instruction. Given the descriptive nature of this investigation, secondary resources have been mined for any pertinent data. In addition to these primary materials, we also made use of secondary resources such books, journals, government documents, and the internet. It follows that successful ICT adoption is essential for maximizing the benefits to both educators and learners. Therefore, the adoption and endorsement of a technology-based teaching and learning model by the school’s administration are the first steps. There will be great success and advantages for both instructors and pupils if the process of integrating technology into schools is carried out correctly from the very beginning stage and the continuing maintenance is effectively supplied.
Keywords: Technology (ICT), Communication, Administration, Learning, Facilities.
Page No : 147-151
Author: Sarmistha Biswas & DR. Santanu Biswas
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400024
Abstract: This study explores the transformative role of Sister Nivedita in advancing the status of Indian women. Born as Margaret Elizabeth Noble in Ireland, Sister Nivedita, a disciple of Swami Vivekananda, dedicated her life to the cause of women’s empowerment in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her multifaceted contributions encompassed education, social reform, feminism, and advocacy for women’s rights. Through a biographical analysis, we trace her journey from Irel and to India and her transformative experiences that led to her engagement in the empowerment of Indian women. Inclusion, Sister Nivedita’s transformative role in advancing the status of Indian women is a testament to her dedication, vision, and unwavering commitment to gender equality and empowerment. Her legacy continues to inspire contemporary efforts to uplift women socially, economically, and culturally in India and beyond. This research offers a comprehensive examination of her contributions, shedding light on the enduring impact of her work in the realm of women’s rights and education.
Keywords: Sister Nivedita, Transformative Role, Women Education, Feminist.
Page No : 152-160
Author: Khurshida Khatun
DOI Link :: http://10.70798/Bijmrd/020400025
Abstract: Climate change poses a formidable threat to the Sundarbans region and its communities, situated in the deltaic plains of India and Bangladesh. This article examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the ecological, economic, and social fabric of the Sundarbans community. Rising sea levels, increased salinity intrusion, intensified cyclonic activities, and altered precipitation patterns are identified as primary stressors exacerbating vulnerabilities in this fragile ecosystem. The study synthesizes current scientific literature, empirical data, and local perspectives to underscore the profound consequences on livelihoods dependent on agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Furthermore, it explores adaptive strategies and resilience-building initiatives adopted by local communities, governments, and non-governmental organizations to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. The article concludes with policy recommendations aimed at enhancing adaptive capacities and fostering sustainable development in the Sundarbans region amidst a changing climate.
Keywords: climate change, Sundarbans, community resilience, adaptation, vulnerability.
Page No : 161-166