Author: Samir Mandal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040001

Abstract: Education has long been recognized as a key driver of social transformation, individual empowerment, and economic development. In India, girls’ education continues to face unique challenges, particularly among marginalized communities such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), who have historically experienced social exclusion, economic deprivation, and systemic discrimination. Parental support plays a critical role in shaping educational participation, especially at higher secondary levels, where the transition from schooling to tertiary education or vocational opportunities occurs. This study explores the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and parental attitudes toward girls’ higher secondary education in SC families, with a focus on Purulia district, West Bengal. By investigating socio-cultural, economic, and structural factors, the research seeks to identify barriers and facilitators influencing SC parents’ support for their daughters’ education. The study concludes that while economic constraints, traditional gender norms, low parental literacy, and infrastructural limitations act as significant impediments, higher socio-economic status, government programs, maternal influence, community awareness, and recognition of long-term benefits can foster positive attitudes and active support.

Keywords: Girls’ education, Scheduled Castes, Parental attitude, Socio-economic status, Higher secondary education, Purulia, West Bengal.

Page No: 1-5

Author: Dr. Manoj Kumar Sharma

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040002

Abstract: Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate the multifaceted influence of online advertising on consumer purchasing decisions, particularly examining how various dimensions such as informativeness, credibility, and interactivity shape consumer preferences and subsequent buying behavior.

Methodology: A quantitative analysis of consumers will be done to capture the nuanced psychological and behavioral responses to digital advertising.

Findings: Preliminary findings indicate a significant positive correlation between perceived ad credibility and purchase intent, with interactive ad formats demonstrating a higher propensity to influence consumer decision-making compared to static banners. The research further intends to explore the evolving landscape of internet advertising, particularly focusing on how advanced formats and increased investment in digital campaigns by companies are shaping consumer inclinations and purchasing behaviors. This extensive growth in online advertising, spurred by the vast increase in internet users, necessitates a deeper understanding of its intricate correlation with consumer shopping behavior.

Implication; This study provides critical insights for advertisers and marketers to optimize digital campaign strategies, enhance consumer engagement, and ultimately drive sales by leveraging the persuasive power of online advertising. Furthermore, it addresses existing research gaps by analyzing both short-term persuasive effects and long-term behavioral modifications influenced by varying digital advertising modalities.

Keywords: Online Advertising, Consumer Behavior, Purchase Intention, Digital Marketing, Advertising Effectiveness

Page No: 6-19

Author: Debjoyti Ghosh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040003

Abstract: The objective of this study is to explore the Maheshwara Sutras, foundational to the Ashtadhyayi of Panini, that reflect a system of phonetic and symbolic structures that are impressively interwoven. The fundamental basis for classifying and deciphering Sanskrit sounds is provided by these sutras. The sutras facilitate a thorough comprehension of linguistic norms and their application by grouping phonemes into methodically organized clusters. This paper will highlight the importance of the Maheshwara Sutras and explores the Maheshwara Sutras’ complex structure and how they depict universal knowledge. In order to show how they mirror the underlying unity of the cosmos, special attention is paid to their halant markers (termination symbols) and the interconnectivity of sounds. This study emphasizes the deep philosophical and linguistic insights contained in the sutras by combining conventional interpretations with modern research.

Keywords: Halant Markers, Maheshwara Sutras, Phonetic, Sanskrit.

Page No: 20-23

Author: Dipika Priya, Minakshi Gupta, Rashmi & Dr. Santosh Kumar Singh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040004

Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of healthcareassociated infections. The rise of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae represents a significant global health threat, as colistin is frequently used as a last-resort antibiotic that requires continuous monitoring for effective antimicrobial therapy and infection control strategies. Present studies evaluate the prevalence and in-vitro antibiotics antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates at a tertiary care hospital,along with their demographic and clinical distribution.Clinical isolates from a tertiary care hospital, along with their demographic and clinical distribution, were analyzed in this retrospective study, which included 556 Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from various clinical specimens between December 2023 and March 2024.The VITEK-2 automated system was used for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The distribution of K. pneumoniae isolates by gender, age group, clinical specimen and hospital location was evaluated. We also assessed patterns of colistin resistance and susceptibility to other available antibiotics. A Chi-square test was applied to find the association of colistin resistance with demographic variables, (where p <0.05). Extensive resistance to βlactams, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides was detected by antibiotic susceptibility testing. In- vitro susceptibility was minimal for fosfomycin (22.7%), ertapenem (18.2%), tigecycline (13.6%)and gentamicin (9.1%), indicating the presence of extensively drug-resistant strains. The emergence of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae with extensive drug resistance and serious therapeutic limitations has become a significant public health issue, as this study highlighted. These results highlight the importance of surveillance against antimicrobial resistance, strong infection control policies and practices, and effective implementation of programs related to antimicrobial stewardship in order to limit transmission of resistant strains. Early detection and judicious use of antibiotics are the keys to ensuring colistin and other last-line antibiotics remain effective.

Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Colistin resistance, Antimicrobial resistance, Nosocomial infections, Multidrug resistance, ICU infections.

Page No: 24-31

Author: Kartick Ch. Paik & Dr. Syamaprosad Datta

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040005

Abstract: ভারতের জনসংখ্যার একটা বিশাল অংশ হলো উপজাতি সম্প্রদায়ের মানুষ তথা আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায়ের মানুষ। মোট জনসংখ্যার শতকরা 5 শতাংশ আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায়। যদিও এই সম্প্রদায়কে কেউ আদিবাসী, কেউ আদিম জাতি, কেউ গিরিজন প্রভৃতি বলে চিহ্নিত করেছেন। ভারতের সংবিধানে এরা উপজাতি সম্প্রদায় ভুক্ত হিসাবে চিহ্নিত হয়েছে। আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায় নিয়ে অনেক গবেষণা হয়েছে বহুকাল ধরে লেখা হয়েছে অজস্র বই পত্র পত্রিকা। এটির মধ্যে নতুনত্ব কিছু নেই। আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায় নিয়ে শহরে অভিজাত মানুষের ধারণা খুব উন্নত যে তা নয় আমরা নিজেদের ছোট্ট জ্ঞান থেকে বুঝতে পারি। শিক্ষিত সুশীলসমাজ আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায়কে নিয়ে অনেক গবেষণা হয়েছে বহুকাল ধরে লেখা হয়েছে অজস্র বই পত্র পত্রিকা। এটির মধ্যে নতুনত্ব কিছু নেই। আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায় নিয়ে শহরে অভিজাত মানুষের ধারণা খুব উন্নত যে তা নয় আমরা নিজেদের ছোট্ট জ্ঞান থেকে বুঝতে পারি। শিক্ষিত সুশীলসমাজ আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায়কে বিভিন্ন সময়ে হেয় করতে পিছুপা হয়না এর উদাহরণ আমরা ইতিহাসে পেয়ে থাকি। আদিবাসী মানে এদের চোখে বর্বর, অসভ্য, নরখাদক, জংলি এক আদিম সম্প্রদায়। দীর্ঘকাল ধরে নানান অজুহাতে এদেরকে দূরে সরিয়ে রাখা হয়েছে, ব্যবধান করা হয়েছে তাদের সঙ্গে মূল সমাজব্যবস্থার। ইংরেজ শাসনের পূর্ব থেকে আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায় অন্যান্য সম্প্রদায়ের সঙ্গে ভারতবর্ষের বুকে বসবাস করেছে মিলেমিশে। মিশে গেছে তাদের বিভিন্ন সংস্কৃতি হিন্দু সংস্কৃতির সঙ্গে।

Keywords: উপজাতি সম্প্রদায়, আদিবাসী, আদিম জাতি, উত্তর 24 পরগণা জেলা, সমাজব্যবস্থা।

Page No: 32-37

Author: Matiur Rahaman & Dr. Shankar Nath Sen

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040006

Abstract: In terms of worldwide conservation, India is in a paradoxical position because it is both one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and one of the most densely populated, leading to severe conflicts between the survival of wildlife and human needs. India is a conservation area of planetary significance, supporting over 8% of global biodiversity within just 2.4% of the Earth’s land surface and housing four of the 36 recognised biodiversity hotspots worldwide. However, compared to its true ecological impact, hunting— which includes subsistence poaching, commercial wildlife trafficking, ritualistic killing, and crop-protection culling—remains a seriously understudied concern. While habitat loss and the preservation of charismatic megafauna like tigers, elephants, and rhinoceroses have received a lot of scientific and policy attention, the wider range of hunting pressure across taxonomic groups, geographical regions, and socioeconomic contexts has not gotten enough attention. The legislative framework under the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 is reviewed, the unique challenges of northeast India and other biodiversity-critical regions are examined, the social aspects of indigenous and subsistence hunting are explored, and a comprehensive research and policy agenda is proposed. This paper summarises current knowledge on hunting as a conservation threat in India. It contends that India’s biodiversity will continue to quietly decline in the absence of a more methodical, multidisciplinary, and geographically encompassing understanding of hunting dynamics, especially among the less researched taxa that support ecosystem function.

Keywords: Northeast India, Western Ghats, Illegal Wildlife Trade, Hunting, Poaching, Bushmeat, India, Biodiversity Conservation, Wildlife Protection Act, And Subsistence Hunting.

Page No: 38-48

Author: Ashis Ghosh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040007

Abstract: The 2020 education policy serves as a bearer and embodiment of national progress. A good teacher can effectively manage the classroom environment, which is a goal reflected in this education policy. To reform the education system and make education more qualitative, a new education policy was adopted in 2020.This education policy will bring about a radical transformation in India’s education system and give birth to a new education system. Therefore, research on the 2020 education policy has shown that the approach and structural reforms have significantly influenced systemic changes in the education sector and the teacher training process. In this education system, we see a shift away from separate institutions towards a multidisciplinary approach, where the entire education system is being managed through a technologyenabled ecosystem. This research shows that the education system has incorporated a four-year B.Ed. program, where our subject-specific knowledge, teaching methods, and continuous training and research are integrated in a holistic manner. This research highlights the importance of students’ professional skills as well as teachers’ professional skills, and emphasizes the use of inclusive education and technology-based education. Here, importance is given to education based on experience and qualifications .The country and the state are facing a challenge in implementing what has been highlighted in this research.

Nevertheless, this education policy provides a powerful framework for transforming teachers and education in new ways.

Keywords: NEP 2020, Teacher Education, Four-Year Integrated B.Ed., Multidisciplinary Education, Professional Development, Inclusive Education, Experiential Learning, Technology-Enabled Ecosystem, Educational Reform.

Page No: 49-53

Author: Dr. Kasturi Bera & Dr. Pratima Pareek

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040008

Abstract: Poverty remains one of the most persistent socio-economic challenges in West Bengal, despite decades of policy interventions and development initiatives. This research article offers a comprehensive socio-economic analysis of poverty alleviation strategies in the state, examining their effectiveness, limitations, and long-term implications. Drawing upon theoretical perspectives, policy frameworks, and empirical insights, the study explores the multidimensional nature of poverty and the role of government schemes, grassroots institutions, and community participation in addressing it. The paper argues that while significant progress has been made in reducing poverty levels, structural inequalities, regional disparities, and implementation gaps continue to hinder sustainable development. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated, inclusive, and context-specific strategies to ensure equitable socio-economic transformation.

Keywords: Poverty, West Bengal, Rural Development, SHGs, Microfinance, Inequality, Social Policy, Livelihood, Inclusive Growth.

Page No: 54-58

Author: Dr. Satyapal Kumar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040009

Abstract: Supplier selection plays a crucial role in achieving sustainability within modern supply chains, as organizations must balance economic performance with environmental and social responsibilities. The decision making process is inherently complex due to the presence of multiple conflicting criteria and uncertainty in evaluation data. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for sustainable supplier selection. The proposed framework integrates fuzzy set theory with established MCDM techniques to effectively handle vagueness and imprecision in expert judgments. Linguistic assessments are modeled using triangular fuzzy numbers, enabling decision makers to express preferences in a flexible manner. The methodology systematically evaluates and ranks potential suppliers based on sustainability-related criteria such as cost, quality, environmental impact, and social responsibility. A numerical illustration is presented to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the fuzzy MCDM framework provides consistent and reliable supplier rankings, supporting decision makers in selecting the most suitable sustainable suppliers. The proposed model offers a practical decision support tool for improving sustainability performance in supply chain management.

Keywords: Fuzzy Sets, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Sustainable Supplier Selection, Fuzzy Ahp, Fuzzy Topsis, Supply Chain Management.

Page No: 59-70

Author: Dr. K. Jayaraman & M. Shanmugapriya

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040010

Abstract: The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed educational practices, leading to the development of intelligent, adaptive, and learner-centered environments. This paper critically examines the role of AI in shaping 21st century learning environments, focusing on its impact on personalized learning, instructional strategies, student engagement, and institutional effectiveness. Drawing on recent scholarly literature (2020–2026), the study highlights both the opportunities and challenges associated with AI integration in education. While AI enhances accessibility, efficiency, and academic outcomes, concerns related to data privacy, digital inequality, and ethical use remain significant. The study concludes that effective implementation of AI requires a balanced approach that integrates technological innovation with pedagogical principles.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Learning Environments, Adaptive Learning, Educational Technology, Higher Education, Digital Transformation.

Page No: 71-77

Author: Lakhimai Chetry

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040011

Abstract: Commercial dairy farming in Assam began during the British period, particularly after the Treaty of Segowali (1816), which facilitated the migration of Gorkha families from Nepal to Assam and other regions of India. Historically, the Gorkha community has been characterized by its unique pastoral systems and livestock management strategies, which have evolved over centuries. The indigenous knowledge systems that govern these practices are crucial for understanding how local communities interact with their environment, particularly concerning the sustainable management of dairy resources. By employing historical, analytical, and descriptive methodologies, this study elucidates the intricate relationships between cultural identity and ecological governance.

At the core of Gorkha cattle culture is a profound respect for biodiversity and an understanding of ecosystem dynamics. The traditional practices associated with Gorkha cattle such as selective breeding, rotational grazing, and integrated crop-livestock systems demonstrate an sharp awareness of ecological stability, while significantly contributing to Assam’s overall dairy production.

The study highlight the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) embedded within the Gorkha cattle culture presents a compelling narrative that intersects cultural heritage with contemporary sustainability practices in dairy development. The findings also reveal that the Gorkhas’ cattle culture not only preserves ecological balance but also strengthens the socio- economic foundation of dairy farming in the state. These indigenous methods can be further incorporated to increase productivity and guarantee the dairy industry in Assam develops sustainably with the right kind of policy backing and scientific training.

Keywords: Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Gorkhas, Sustainable Management, Dairy Farming, SocioCulture Practice, Farming.

Page No: 78-84

Author: Jayanta Mahali & Dr. Kaliram Murmu

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040012

Abstract: Mental health issues among students have become a pressing concern in modern educational environments, largely due to rising academic demands, intense competition, and shifting social expectations. This study explores how academic pressure affects student well-being and the coping strategies they use to handle psychological stress. Adopting a cross-sectional research approach, data were gathered using standardized tools to measure stress levels, emotional health, and coping behaviours. The results indicate a strong link between increased academic pressure and higher levels of anxiety, stress, and emotional fatigue among students. In contrast, those who engaged in adaptive coping strategies—such as problem-solving, seeking social support, and practicing mindfulness—reported better psychological well-being and greater resilience. On the other hand, maladaptive strategies like avoidance and self-isolation were associated with worsening mental health outcomes. The study emphasizes the important role coping mechanisms play in reducing the negative impact of academic stress. It highlights the need for educational institutions to incorporate mental health services, stress management initiatives, and coping skills training into their systems. A comprehensive approach to student mental health can improve well-being, boost academic involvement, and lead to better overall educational outcomes.

Keywords: Student Mental Health, Academic Pressure, Psychological Well-Being, Coping Strategies.

Page No: 85-91

Author: Tarak Nath Bhunia & Dr. Jayanta Mete

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040013

Abstract: Social stratification, deeply rooted in caste, class, gender, and regional inequalities, continues to influence educational access, participation, and outcomes in India. Marginalized and vulnerable groups continue to face limited access to quality education, which has emerged as a major concern for policymakers.This paper examines the impact of stratification using recent statistical data from national databases such as Unified District Information System for Education Plus and All India Survey on Higher Education. The study highlights disparities in literacy, enrolment, dropout, and higher education access. Findings indicate that while India has achieved near-universal primary education, inequalities intensify at higher levels due to structural barriers.

Keywords: Social Stratification, Educational Inequality, Educational Stratification, Caste, Class, Gender Disparity, NEP 2020.

Page No: 92-97

Author: Subhas Bose

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040014

Abstract: Traditional grammar frameworks classify English tense into past, present, and future. However, contemporary linguistic analysis suggests that English lacks a morphologically distinct future tense. This study argues that presenting the future as a separate tense in English Language Teaching (ELT) introduces unnecessary complexity and may hinder learner fluency.

Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study combines corpus analysis of future-oriented utterances from the British National Corpus (BNC) with survey data from 200 ESL instructors and a controlled classroom experiment involving 100 learners. Future expressions are categorized into four functional domains: intention, prediction, arrangement, and spontaneity.

 The findings indicate that approximately 74% of future expressions rely on present-based constructions or modal auxiliaries such as will. Moreover, learners taught using a functional, modality-based approach demonstrated 22% higher communicative accuracy than those taught through traditional tense-based instruction.

The paper proposes a simplified Non-Past Model and introduces the concept of Functional Futurity, emphasizing meaning over rigid tense classification. The study concludes that revising how futurity is taught can improve both accuracy and fluency in ELT contexts.

Keywords: English Language Teaching, Modality, Tense, Functional Futurity, Non-Past Model.

Page No: 98-105

Author: Samir Mandal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040015

Abstract: Education has long been recognized as a key driver of social transformation, individual empowerment, and economic development. In India, girls’ education continues to face unique challenges, particularly among marginalized communities such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), who have historically experienced social exclusion, economic deprivation, and systemic discrimination. Parental support plays a critical role in shaping educational participation, especially at higher secondary levels, where the transition from schooling to tertiary education or vocational opportunities occurs. This study explores the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and parental attitudes toward girls’ higher secondary education in SC families, with a focus on Purulia district, West Bengal. By investigating socio-cultural, economic, and structural factors, the research seeks to identify barriers and facilitators influencing SC parents’ support for their daughters’ education. The study concludes that while economic constraints, traditional gender norms, low parental literacy, and infrastructural limitations act as significant impediments, higher socio-economic status, government programs, maternal influence, community awareness, and recognition of long-term benefits can foster positive attitudes and active support.

Keywords: Girls’ Education, Scheduled Castes, Parental Attitude, Socio-Economic Status, Higher Secondary Education, Purulia, West Bengal.

Page No: 106-110

Author: Dr. Niladri Sekhar Dara

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040016

Abstract: College and Career Readiness (CCR) programs have emerged as a crucial framework in modern education systems, aiming to bridge the gap between academic learning and real-world professional demands. These programs are designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary for success in higher education and the workforce. This article critically examines the concept, objectives, components, and impact of CCR programs, while also analyzing their role in promoting equity, employability, and lifelong learning. Drawing upon contemporary research and educational practices, the study highlights how structured readiness programs enhance students’ academic outcomes, career awareness, and socio-emotional competencies. Furthermore, it identifies key challenges in implementation and proposes strategies for strengthening CCR frameworks, particularly in developing contexts. The paper argues that effective CCR initiatives are not merely supplementary interventions but foundational pillars of a responsive and future-oriented education system.

Keywords: College and Career Readiness, Academic Achievement, Employability, Skill Development, Educational Equity, Workforce Preparation, Experiential Learning.

Page No: 111-116

Author: Dr. Manoj Kumar Sharma

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040017

Abstract: Aim of the study: This study aims to investigate the multifaceted influence of online advertising on consumer purchasing decisions, particularly examining how various dimensions such as informativeness, credibility, and interactivity shape consumer preferences and subsequent buying behavior.

Methodology: A quantitative analysis of consumers will be done to capture the nuanced psychological and behavioral responses to digital advertising.

Findings: Preliminary findings indicate a significant positive correlation between perceived ad credibility and purchase intent, with interactive ad formats demonstrating a higher propensity to influence consumer decision-making compared to static banners. The research further intends to explore the evolving landscape of internet advertising, particularly focusing on how advanced formats and increased investment in digital campaigns by companies are shaping consumer inclinations and purchasing behaviors. This extensive growth in online advertising, spurred by the vast increase in internet users, necessitates a deeper understanding of its intricate correlation with consumer shopping behavior.

Implication: This study provides critical insights for advertisers and marketers to optimize digital campaign strategies, enhance consumer engagement, and ultimately drive sales by leveraging the persuasive power of online advertising. Furthermore, it addresses existing research gaps by analyzing both short-term persuasive effects and long-term behavioral modifications influenced by varying digital advertising modalities.

Keywords: Online Advertising, Consumer Behavior, Purchase Intention, Digital Marketing, Advertising Effectiveness.

Page No: 117-129

Author: Sourav Mukherjee & Dr. Chandra Sekhar Halder

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040018

Abstract: বাণী বসুর কথাসাহিত্যে ইতিহাসচেতনা ও বৌদ্ধ দর্শন এক গভীর মানবিক ও দার্শনিক পরিসর নির্মাণ করে, যার কেন্দ্রে অবস্থান করে মধ্যবিত্ত সত্তার সংকট ও আত্মঅনুসন্ধান। তাঁর উপন্যাসে ইতিহাস কেবল অতীতের বিবরণ নয়; বরং তা সমসাময়িক অভিজ্ঞতা, স্মৃতি ও সামাজিক বাস্তবতার আলোকে পুনর্গঠিত এক গতিশীল চেতনা। বিশেষত নকশাল আন্দোলনের মতো ঘটনাপ্রবাহ মধ্যবিত্ত জীবনের মূল্যবোধ ও স্থিতিকে প্রশ্নের মুখে দাঁড় করায়, যা তাঁর রচনায় শিল্পিতভাবে প্রতিফলিত হয়েছে। অন্যদিকে, বৌদ্ধ দর্শনের চার আর্যসত্য, প্রতীত্যসমুৎপাদ এবং আর্য অষ্টাঙ্গিক মার্গের ধারণা তাঁর চরিত্রচিত্রণ ও ভাবনাপ্রবাহে অন্তর্নিহিতভাবে উপস্থিত। দুঃখ, অনিত্যতা, তৃষ্ণা ও মুক্তির অনুসন্ধান চরিত্রদের মানসিক অভিজ্ঞতার মধ্য দিয়ে প্রকাশ পায়, যা মধ্যবিত্ত জীবনের অস্তিত্বগত সংকটকে দার্শনিক ব্যাখ্যা প্রদান করে। এইভাবে ইতিহাস ও বৌদ্ধ ভাবনার সমন্বয়ে বাণী বসু এক মানবকেন্দ্রিক, অন্তর্মুখী ও সমকালীন জীবনবোধ নির্মাণ করেছেন, যা বাংলা কথাসাহিত্যে একটি স্বতন্ত্র তাৎপর্য বহন করে।

Keywords: বৌদ্ধ দর্শন, চার আর্যসত্য, আর্য অষ্টাঙ্গিক মার্গ, প্রতীত্যসমুৎপাদ, সংযম ও ধ্যান, মুক্তির ধারণা, জীবনচক্র (জন্ম–জরা–মৃত্যু)।

Page No: 130-139