Author: Dr. Suman Devi

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-95111667/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A1

Abstract: This qualitative study aims at exploring the impact of social media on English language learners’ linguistic competence, motivation, and anxiety. There are ten numbers of people, chosen for this study which includes University level professors and teachers. Responses are collected from the information gathered from the different participants by the use of written interviews. In addition, the information which is used in this study, sheds light on the positive and negative impacts of social media in learning of English language and to underscore future strategies to integrate it in curriculum for university students. Most participants agreed that social media is an effective tool for language learning, and students showed a discernible increase in their understanding and use of English language skills. The results give us blatantly optimistic results in language learning with social media usage, even though the paper advocates for more research and analysis in other disciplines.

Author: Tanmoy Basak, Pritha Pal & Subhasis Sarkar

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-59352846/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A2

ABSTRACT: Arsenic (As) is a dangerous contaminant in the aquatic world, existing in inorganic and organic forms. Arsenic being most common heavy metal pollutant in fresh water, comes from industry, chemical manufacturing and other anthropogenic sources, the PH label falls and increasing metal solubility causes demolishing effect the aquatic organism. Generally ionic forms of heavy metals are more toxic because it can form toxic compounds with other ions, causes serious cellular damage of fishes. So arsenic are easily available to fish, resulting in considerable amount of metal accumulation in the fish tissue. Relationship between metal accumulation in fish organs and in water has been studied in field and laboratory. So we have tried to carry out the survey in effective district of West Bengal, newspaper and published research papers in pummed. The toxic effect due to arsenic on the importance organs of fishes like Gills, Liver, Kidney and Flesh.

Author: Kalpalata Raj, Research Scholar & Prof.(Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-65923624/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A3

ABSTRACT: The students having good study habits perform better in academic field than the students with the poor study habits. The researcher has conducted a fresh study on academic achievement and its correlation to study habits of students of newly established CBSE pattern school (OAV-Odisha AdarshaVidyalaya) from standard 6^th to 12^th by Government of Odisha.The study entitled as “A Correlational Study on Academic Achievement and Study Habits of Students of Odisha AdarshaVidyalaya”. Descriptive Survey method was employed for the study. The data was collected from 179 students of standard VIII of four Odisha Adarsha Vidyalayas of Keonjhar district of Odisha who were present on that day were selected as the sample. A manual for Study Habit Scale which includes the dimensions like use of e-resource, mobile,internet was constructed by Dimpal Rani and Dr. M.L. Jaidka 2005 was employed for data collection on study habits and from school examination result record, the average of two summative test scores was taken for collection of data for academic achievement. The boys and girls,tribal and non-tribal students have similar level of academic achievementand tostudy habits.There was a positive and substantial or moderate or marked-correlation of (r = 0.60) was found in academic achievement in relation to study habits.  It is recommended that the techno-sound study habits are to be adopted by the students for creating twenty first century learners for global citizenship.

Author: Shrabana Adhikari & Mr. Rajarshi Roy Chowdhury

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-61231767/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A4

ABSTRACT: In the Indian context, in most of the schools and colleges, it has been seen that the success of a student is measured only on the basis of academic achievement and the concept of the holistic development has been confined to the four walls of the classroom interaction since the ancient time. This is the traditional way of analyzing the growth of a student who usually does not get enough exposure for realizing his or her own potential. The extracurricular activities are regarded as the supplement to the academic activities and it can be used as a catalyst for enhancing the capabilities of a student. Teachers should extensively motivate the students to participate in the extracurricular activities like art, cultural activity, sports, technological advancement, social activity, debate, creative work, cultural clubs, NSS, NCC, Student council, organizational skills and team work and many more before the session or after the duration of school. These activities contribute to the social development, communicative skills, interpersonal development, academic progress, time management skills of the student.  In NEP 1986, the emphasize was given on the vocational education (job specific), technical education, adult education, minority education, women empowerment, retention of the student, removal of social disparities, universalization of elementary education and the research process. In a word, this policy mainly focused on the structure of educational levels (secondary and higher secondary), the quality of the education and the curriculum.  However, the examination centric approach is no longer enough in this rapidly changing world of technology and innovation. The practical skills, critical thinking, creative approach and innovative minds are required from a very young age in this 21st century. In this era of digitalization, use of AI, Data science and Robotics in the educational field necessitates the implementation of experimental learning. The NEP 2020 introduced on 29th July under the chairperson K. Kasturirangan brings radical reforms in the educational system. It is flexible and integrated approach which does not discriminate between arts and science, curricular and extra- curricular activities, academic and vocational streams. This paper would attempt to describe how the new educational policy makes transformation in the field of higher education system by exploring the role of the extracurricular activities and how it helps to achieve the goals of education. According to this new policy, these activities not only validate the cognitive development but also generate cultural awareness, identity and the flexibility of the curriculum in higher education provides the students a great opportunity to balance between scholastic and inventive path.

Keywords– Educational policy, development, extracurricular activity, curriculum, Nep 1986, Nep 2020, digitalization.

Author: Arijit Bera

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-89333466/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A5

Abstract: Teaching effectiveness is a major influence on students’ academic achievement. It is correlated with students’ academic as well as overall achievements. Teaching effectiveness is central to school efforts to improve the students’ outcome. An effective teacher also is flexible and able to adapt to changes. It is a person that relates personally with the students and is respected and behaves professionally. Today’s teachers are called upon to work with colleagues to design learning environments that promote deeper engagement in learning as a reciprocal process. Learning can no longer be understood as a one-way exchange where we teach, they learn. The present study discusses the effectiveness of approaches to teaching and the theoretical perspectives of the teaching effectiveness. As it is a conceptual study the researcher has followed different journals and books to collect required information. The study concludes that teaching effectiveness is important
because effective teaching helps student learning. It has become even more important as the emphasis on quality in higher education has increased. Effective teaching does not occur by chance, it is the heartful effort of the teachers.

Keywords: Academic Achievement, Teaching Effectiveness, Learning, Planning.

Author: Dipankar Malas

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-92523541/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A6

Abstract: Yoga is one of the precious treasures inherited from ancient India. It has a wealth of benefits. Yoga has been considered a way of life; one can not only achieve the targets of staying healthy and fit through practicing yoga but also it can totally change the behaviour and psychological outlook of a person. Although yoga itself is a sport yet its different kind of Aasans especially help players in improving motion, mobility, coordination, strength, flexibility, balance etc. which can further boost the performance and prevent injury. The presents study aims to discuss the role of yoga in the physical education. It also highlights the importance of yoga in the games and sports. The research also covers the significance of yoga in daily life. Since this is a descriptive study, the researcher has followed several books, journals, and other sources to get the necessary data. Another significant source of information was the internet. According to the study’s findings, yoga therapy aids in the recovery of both physical and emotional pain. One can never undervalue the importance of yoga in athletics. However, as every game is played differently and with various tools, it’s important to know what sorts of yoga asana are best for your game.

Keywords: Yoga, Energy, Growth, Spiritual System, Immunity.

Author: Smiran Hazra

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-26866576/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A7

Abstract: The incorporation of literary works into language classrooms has been shown to increase students’ comprehension of the culture of the target community as well as their proficiency in the target language. Literature cannot be taught or understood in isolation from its cultural setting. Culture offers sufficient and genuine resources, as well as fascinating, hands-on learning opportunities. Literature is a powerful tool for infusing a communicative method to teaching a foreign language with society values, beliefs, cultural factors, and attitudes. This research was conducted to better understand the connections between literature, culture, and language, as well as to provide a forum for discussing those connections. Both primary and secondary sources were used to compile this study. The data comes from several sources, including books, periodicals, newspapers, and academic journals.

Keywords: Language, Culture, Literary Works, Increase Students’, Society Values, Attitudes.

Author: Krishna Kanta Das

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-63894499/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A8

Abstract: The present study has been carried out to discuss the revolutionary activities taken place in the district of Midnapore in the late eighteenth century. It also discusses the different activities that had greater influence in the freedom struggle of India against the British Raj. In this study, the traditional methodology of collecting data from the government official sources, from the contemporary newspapers and from the eulogistic narration of the role of nationalist leaders by popular writers have been taken into consideration. But emphasis has been laid on the unutilized literary sources. It has been indicated that in the freedom struggle the contributions of the different districts of Bengal were of varying nature and degrees, but it must be conceded that the district of Midnapur deserves the honour of the first place.

Keywords: Freedom Struggle, Greatest Contribution, Revolutionary Activities.

Author: Ananya Samanta

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-29121957/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A9

Abstract: A psychiatric disorder that may impact individuals from all walks of life is test anxiety. When someone is about to write an exam, while taking the test, and even after the test, it causes them great discomfort and worry. People begin experiencing test anxiety in their preschool years, and it progressively becomes worse over the elementary school years. Generally speaking, when kids go into the post-elementary schools, they become rather stable. The research was conducted in order to determine the reasons behind students’ test anxiety, to list the different symptoms of test anxiety, and to investigate anxiety management techniques. Since this is a descriptive research, all necessary data have been acquired via reading books, journals, and other relevant publications. In summary, psycho education, problem solving, exposure to feared stimuli, recognition and change of automatic negative thoughts, and training in coping mechanisms may all be used to control test anxiety.

Keywords: Anxiety, Training, Psychologists, Counselors.

Author: Mohua Sannigrahi * Dr.Subhadeep Mazumder

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-21136486/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A10

Abstract: The study has been carried out to examine the attitude of B.Ed. students towards Modernization and to find out the difference of attitude towards modernization between Science and Arts students. It also aims to find out the difference of attitude towards modernization between Male and Female students. The sample consisted of 150 B.Ed. students including 72 males and 78 females. The subjects were selected by using simple random sampling technique from different colleges, affiliated to BSAEU, Kolkata, and West Bengal. Comprehensive Modernization Inventory (Ahluwallia & Kalia, 2010)-A standardized questionnaire–Comprehensive Modernization Inventory (CMI-AK) developed by Dr. S. P. Ahluwalia and Dr. A. K. Kalia was used for the purpose of studying the attitude of adolescents towards modernization. Findings of the study indicate that Female students of arts stream scored higher than their counterparts of same stream thus it can be concluded that female B.Ed students have more favorable attitude towards modernization than their counterparts. Female students scored higher on the attitude towards modernization than their male counterparts of same stream thus they have more
favorable attitude towards modernization than their male counterparts.

Keywords: Attitude, Development, Modern Society, Communities.

Author: Dr. Prakash Kumar Sahoo

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-37189838/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A11

Abstract: The present study aims to find out the adjustment among the Upper Primary school students at Patharpratima block in south 24 pargana districts, West Bengal. It also finds out the difference between male and female students in respect of the Emotional, Social and educational adjustment. The present study was completed by using normative survey method. A sample of 120 students of Upper Primary level studying in various schools of Pathar pratim Block of South 24 Pargana district of West Bengal was chosen through random sampling technique for the present study. Out of the 120, 60 were Male and 60 were Female students. A Structured Questionnaire named “The Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) consisting of 45 items with 15 items in each of the three areas of adjustment: emotional, social and educational. Mean, Standard deviation and t- test were employed to analyses the collected data. Findings of the study indicate that the overall adjustment of Upper Primary school students is unsatisfactory. There is significant difference between male and female in respect of Emotional, Social and Educational adjustment

Keywords: School Students, Adjustment, Behavior, Socio-Psychological.

Author: Sarajit Biswas

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-31384882/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A12

Abstract: Scheduled Castes (SCs), also known as Dalits, are among the most disadvantaged groups in India, both socially and educationally. Within the Scheduled Castes, there are several sub-caste groups, including Namasudra, Rajbanshi, Pundra, Chandala, Muchi, Chamar, Dom, and others. The Indian Constitution provides protections and safeguards for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and other vulnerable sections of society. These measures aim to promote their educational and economic interests and eliminate social discrimination, either through specific provisions or by ensuring their general rights as citizens. The government has initiated various programs, policies, and schemes to support the educational advancement of children from Scheduled Castes. Teaching strategies refer to the methods and techniques that educators use to facilitate learning. The choice of teaching strategy depends on the subject matter, the learners’ level of expertise, and their stage in the learning process. This paper aims to explore innovative teaching strategies to address the challenges and issues faced by children from Scheduled Castes.

Keyword: Education, Scheduled Caste, Innovative Teaching strategy, Learner.

Author: Sujan Pramanik

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-35774126/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A13

Abstract: The recognition and protection of human rights are fundamental principles preserved in the Indian Constitution. Among the diverse population of India, individuals who identify as the third gender have long been marginalized and discriminated against. However, through constitutional provisions, legislative developments, landmark judgments, and state initiatives, efforts have been made to uphold the human rights of the third gender community. This article explores the human rights of the third gender under the Indian Constitution, focusing on key aspects such as the right to equality, right to self-identification, right to nondiscrimination, and right to dignity. Furthermore, this article discusses landmark judgments such as NALSA vs. Union of India (2014), which recognized transgender individuals as a third gender and affirmed their fundamental rights. It also examines legislative developments, including the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, and state initiatives aimed at supporting the rights of third gender individuals.

Keywords: Third Gender, Human Rights, Indian Constitution, Equality, Self-Identification, NonDiscrimination, Dignity, Landmark Judgments.

Author: Tapas kumar Manna & Dr.Vijendra Mishra

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-38742511/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A14

Abstract: E-learning pattern is associated with the development and positive interpretation of academic credentials through developing learning specific subjects at a convenient pace of timing. The e-learning pattern is the way of accumulating its priority and support with teaching preference in India due to the rapid growth of the technological adoption rate. E-learning in higher education is associated with several sets of advantages starting with “transcends geographical boundaries’ ‘ and the benefit of information retention. The present study is an attempt to find out the students views on the influence of e-learning on the traditional classroom. It also measures the difference of e-learning attitude on the basis of gender and residential area. In this present study the population consists of the higher education students namely studying in different colleges (govt. Aided and self finance) of Paschim Medinipur districts of west bengal. Out of the population a sample 480 students including male (230) and female (250) were selected randomly for the purpose of the study. Test of e learning related attitude- it is a structured questionnaire consisting of 36 items with the response of strongly disagree, disagree, agree and strongly disagree. Cronbach’s alpha, which expresses how much each scale item measures the same underlying characteristic, was used to calculate the scale’s reliability (Cronbach, 1951; Pallant, 2010; Bryman & Cramer, 2011). A Cronbach alpha score of 0.877 was attained. In the present study both the inferential statistics and the differential statistics have been used for data analysis. It has been found out in the study that majority of the students agree that the concept of elearning is influencing the traditional classroom.

Keywords: E-Learning, Higher Education, Educational Institutions. Co-Curricular Activities.

Author: Tapas Pramanik

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-32372778/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A15

Abstract: Sports training is the methodical process of getting athletes or teams ready to compete successfully in sports. Athletes or teams get methodical training based on scientific ideas in this. Training a sportsperson or team to reach their maximum potential and compete at their best is the aim of sports training. The purpose of this research is to investigate the objectives of sports training exercises, to know about the basic principles of exercise training and to examine the functions of exercise training. Since this is a conceptual study the required information has been gathered for different related journals, books etc. To conclude it can be stated that Sports’ training is not a simple play or recreational activity but it is a serious activity which helps to attain high performance in a competition.

Keywords: Athletes, Performance, Training, Exercise.

Author: Saroj Mahata

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-49535645/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A16

Abstract :- After taking over the rule of Bengal by the British, along with the change of new commercial and administrative relations, the courtesies of Bengal changed like the pre- Colonial socio- economic structure. The colonial administration made special arrangements to employ Indian courtesans for European and Indian soldiers. On the other hand, in this socio- economic and administrative system, courtesans also collect new types of clients or customers. In the practical aspects of the market economy, prostitution deviates from sexual impulses and transforms into a different positional status, where people rent themselves or their bodies, or even sell their skills on the market as day Laborers. But in the case of harlots ,he rents out his genitalia and its appendage,  Indicating a sexual relationship between a man and a woman. Procreation has a moral value in society and women’s fertility is recognized as sacred, which is the exclusive domain of husbands in patriarchal societies. Women who sell their bodies and children forever as slaves and becomes an instrument of production(Colloquially called Putrarthe Kriyate Varyya), unlike those who rent out their bodies without the obligation to produce children, what she produces over time in return for her labor is a purchasable grotesque fantasy to her male buyer. Traditional artisans or factory workers sell their skills and produce according to market demand. As a result, the labourer does not own the object of his labour. Prostitutes are forced to sell their spontaneous sexual impulses to meet market demand and he cannot face his laborious product, which remains mysterious to him. In this article, how the courtesan house’s of colonial Bengal become a means of developing the caste identity of the so- called elites and means of mental peace and entertainment.

Keywords: Courtesans,  Courtesan House, organization,  Religion, Caste and Class,  Babu Culture.

Author: Mr. Uday Modak

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-43748479/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A17

Abstract: The word moral comes from the Latin word ‘Mors’, which means custom or practice or a way of accomplishing things. Therefore, it has come to mean ‘belonging to manners and conduct of men’ or ‘pertaining to right and wrong, good in conduct’. Morality is the conformity to the moral code of social group. It is the internalization of a set of values, virtues, and ideas sanctioned by the society which becomes an integral part of the individual self through the process of development. It is considered a sum total of an individual’s way of behaving which is judged in terms of ethical rightness or wrongness. Hence the ability to make moral judgement plays an important facet of the total development of the child. Moral judgement involves the cognitive capacity and insight to see the relationship between the abstract principle and concrete cases and judge the situations as right or wrong, keeping in view the knowledge of moral standards.

The theory which most directly inspired the research on moral judgement has been that of Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget(1928, 1932) who endeavoured to interpret the child’s concept of moral rules. He attempted to test children’s moral judgement towards intentional and unintentional wrong-doing and described six types of moral thoughts which appeared in children of different age groups. More recently, studies on moral judgement have been conducted by Kohlberg(1968), in which he asked the children to judge the morality of conduct as described in the stories.

Keywords: Moral, Moral judgement, Morality, Values.

Author: Arpita Saha Paul

DOI Link :: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2024-55482546/BIJMRD/2024/V2/I1/A18

Abstract: Rabindranath Tagore is the greatest poet, writer, painter, composer, dramatist; singer on the other hand is a great philosopher who is well known not only Bengal. He is the poet of the world. His influence on Bengali poetic literature is immense. His songs are called Rabindra Sangeet which reflects philosophy towards life. Philosophers have explained the term spirituality in a very mystical and logical way. It considered related to the soul. Spirituality is not a religion. It equates the human mind with the God. Rabindranath Tagore believed that God is the pure form of everysoul. God is not outside. This thought is reflected in his songs.“Simar majhe, asim, tumi bajaoapon sur /amarmodhye  tomar prokash tai ato Madhur” (Gitanjali, p.76).Spirituality is the form of Brahman called soul encounter or self-knowledge. Since ancient times our music has been considered to belong to spiritual nature. The language of music, melody, composition, rhythm is the expression of our feelings. Without such a soul the body does not exist just as spirituality without music also does not exist. That’s why Nadais called Brahmanin the scriptures. Which is denoted by Om’?

The variety of lyrics and melody of Rabindra Sangeet affects the human mind and elevates him to the higher level of consciousness. Feeling the rasa inherent in his music creates a deep joy in the mind. That is supreme joy that helps bring about self-encounter. Most of his poetry and music reveal the full spectrum of spiritualist thought. His Gitanjali poetry is a complete expression of spiritual thought. Gitanjali’s first poem is “Amar mathanoto kore dao he tomar chorono dhulartole” (Rabindranath Tagore,1906),that is bow my head under your feet. His lyrics repeated lyconvey he message of finding the pure form of soul within oneself. Such as “Amar praner manus acheprane/tai heritae sokol khane” (Rabindranath Tagore,1910) or “Amar hiyar majhe lukiye chhile dekhte ami paini” (Rabindranath Tagore,1914)etc. In this century new generation is very fast getting attracted to material things and drifting away from the truth, forgetting it so webbing. They are increasing lyrushing to ward acquiring external knowledge instead of acquiring their own inner knowledge. Therefore, one of the tools to save this new generation from falling into the pit of dark hell is the development of its spiritual consciousness and enlightenment. So, learning the songs of Rabindranath is one of the most appropriate mediums in the spiritual development of the new generation. The subject of the paper is how to develop the spiritual consciousness of the new generation by learning RabindraSangeet. Some of the notable songs of Rabindranath have been selected from Gitabitan to fulfill the purpose of the study.

Keywords: Spirituality, Rabindra Sangeet, Consciousness, Music, New Generation, Gitabitan.