Author: Dr. Arfi Anjoon

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020001

Abstract: Women have historically been subjected to various forms of oppression at various societal and familial levels. To put a stop to this tyranny, women must be empowered. Women will remain repressed as long as they lack agency. Thus, we must distribute knowledge among them to expand their power. All of their life’s gloom will only be eliminated by education. The only way to empower women is through an appropriate educational system. Legal empowerment of women grants them greater control over their intellectual and material resources, thereby enhancing their financial and household decision-making autonomy through enhancing legal awareness.

Keywords: Education, Legal Awareness, Expansion of power, Greater control, Empowerment.

Page No: 1-5

Author: Sanjay Kumar Suman

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020002

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional academic services, compelling libraries to adopt Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to ensure the continuity of learning and research. This study explores the impact of ICT adoption in academic libraries during the pandemic, identifies key digital tools that facilitated remote learning and research, and examines the evolving role of library professionals in managing ICT-driven services. Utilizing content analysis, the study reviews existing literature, case studies, and institutional reports to assess the effectiveness of ICT-based library services. Findings indicate that digital repositories, virtual reference services, learning management systems, and cloud-based platforms played a crucial role in sustaining academic activities. Additionally, library professionals had to rapidly adapt to new digital competencies, redefining their roles in an ICT-intensive environment. While ICT adoption enhanced accessibility and service delivery, challenges such as the digital divide, technical constraints, and inadequate ICT training persisted. The study highlights the long-term implications of ICT integration in libraries and suggests strategies to enhance digital library services for future academic resilience.

Keywords: ICT in libraries, Academic Services, Remote Learning, Digital Tools, COVID-19, Digital Transformation.

Page No: 6-18

Author: Kumari Dolly Rani & Professor. (Dr.) Santanu Biswas

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020003

Abstract: Tis study, Empowering Students: Enhancing Organizational Skills at the Higher Secondary Level explores the critical factors that affect the development of organizational skills among higher secondary students and evaluates the effectiveness of teaching technologies in this context. The findings revealed that structured time management programs, task breakdown techniques, and the use of digital organizational tools significantly enhance students’ organizational abilities. The study also highlighted various challenges, including inconsistent support and socio-economic barriers, which hinder students’ skill development. In response, the research proposed targeted strategies such as integrating educational technologies, fostering collaborative learning environments, and developing supportive school cultures to overcome these challenges and improve organizational skills. This study offers valuable insights and practical recommendations for educators and policymakers to better support students in becoming more organized and effective in managing their academic responsibilities.

Keywords: Organizational Skills, Higher Secondary Education, Teaching Technologies, Time Management, Student Challenges, Educational Strategies, Digital Tools

Page No: 19-32

Author: Anu Kumari & Dr. Manasi Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020004

Abstract: There is little information currently accessible about women’s status and influence in Indian society. However, it is frequently the case that an occurrence involving them gives us some information about their status and place in the social and cultural life of the time. There was no mention of child marriage or even the segregation of women in those days. Women and men had equal status during this time. Their access to public life was complete. Some of them wrote Vedic mantras like Apala and Shakshi, demonstrating their high level of education. After getting married, Mudra had a significant position and had a lot of control over household issues. Without her, no religious ceremony could be considered complete. Only after they reached puberty did they get married. They held great social respect as mothers, wives, and daughters. In the centuries following the Vedic Age, women’s standing had clearly declined. New faces appeared on the Indian scene with the arrival of Islam. In their own country, Muslims routinely required women to wear tight veils. Naturally, it was subjected to more hardship in a foreign nation like India. Theposition of women suffered a significant setback during this time. The sentiments of the Age are mirrored in AamirKhusro’s “Hast Bahist” and Matla-Ul-Anwar, which offer his advice to his daughter.”Would to God that you should have been in the will of nonexistence or that you could have been a male child or were born in the eighth month (so as to die)” is how he begins his speech. Despite the fact that our historians have written about women in their respective eras, they have not done them justice. We are fortunate to have a few eminent historians who have attempted to do so. Restrictions. Because of her physical limitations, she was expected to accept a status of reliance on men.

When Jaisi states, “You are women and deficient in the sense that man is fool who takes advice of women folk at home,” he may be reflecting the perception of the populace. Manu smriti, which states that “day and night women must be kept under dependence by the males of their families,” supports his viewpoint. Women are never fit for independence; her father shields her when she is young, her husband shields her when she is old, and her son shields her when she is old.

Women’s rights are fundamental to civilization. When it came to inheritance, Muslim women were treated much more liberally than their Hindu counterparts. The way property is divided following a father’s death—a daughter gets half of her brother’s estate—is an example of this. However, the limitations resulting from married or unmarried women being taught by men persisted throughout the Muslim regime. According to the Adab-Ul-Hasab’s author, a wife should not be trusted with matters of concern, and if consulting her was inevitable, it would be wiser to act against her advice. The social norms were not disregarded by the Muslims.She was thought to be foolish and mentally weak. Their personal position was impacted by the doctrine of perpetual tutelage, which required them to maintain chastity in both their thoughts and behaviour. “A woman cannot give away her husband’s belongings.” Except in cases involving the women, she was never to be asked to testify in court. Men served as the guardians of women’s honour and virginity. As Dr.Asraf correctly noted, “an unhealthy attitude developed on all sides with the growth of general sensuality.” In the same ways that theypromoted men’s lack of chastity, they started to place an excessive amount of value on women’s chastity. The spirit of the age with regard to the chastity of the women is reflected in Amir Khusro’sMaltla-Ul-Anwar: “ A girl on whom reflection were cast regarding her chastity could never expect to find any respectable person to marry her even though the accusations were proved to be absolutely groundless.’’ Rabia was a chaste and devout woman in those days. Even if she came from a lower social class, such a woman was revered. Women’s status may help us develop an understanding of the nation’s culture and civilization. Islam has significantly improved women’s status, eliminated discrimination against female birth, and the Quran affirms that women have just as many rights as obligations. In Islam, women are more than just toys for males. There was a great deal of social equality between men and women in India and other countries in many areas, such as inheritance, marriage contracts, dowries, divorce, and child rights, among others, rather than inferiority and completesubordination.

The long poetical discourse of Amir Khusro in the HashtBahist and Matla-UlAnwar containing his councils to his daughter, Mastura contains much that was not merely idealistic but political. He could not remain unaffected by his environment, by this Indian lineage from the mother’s side and therefore we find him counselling his daughter in the following words, “Though you are still very young and without understanding, one day you would become an elderly women when you attain wedlock and wealth, I would wish you first, purity, chastity and then good fortune.’’ He counselled her to be constant and devoted worshipper of God, to be a seeker of good name, to be abstinent and virtuous to remain indoors, and to keep her face bright within the four curtains (walls). “Live your life in such a way that by your behaviour and conduct you may be able to your kindred and relations. It is better that for the sake of good name, fame, purity and chastity you should lay your leg with the chain of your skirt (and do not go out).” Here our author uses many smiley and metaphors to strengthen his advice about observing pardah and dialects on the harm of mixing with the strangers.

Keywords: Indian Society, Women, precious, harm, Reflected, disability, Quran

Page No: 33-38

Author: Prasanta Rang

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020005

Abstract: Kamala Das, one of India’s most celebrated poets, is known for her bold and confessional exploration of identity, gender, and personal freedom. Her poetry reflects an ongoing journey of self-discovery, where she challenges societal expectations, redefines femininity, and asserts her autonomy. This paper examines the theme of self-discovery in the poems of Kamala Das, focusing on how her works serve as a means of self-expression, emotional release, and empowerment. Through a close reading of key poems such as An Introduction, The Old Playhouse, and My Grandmother’s House, the study explores how Das navigates her desires, sexuality, memories, and the roles imposed upon her as a woman. By rejecting traditional gender roles and embracing her complexities, Das’s poetry becomes a space for asserting authenticity and confronting societal constraints. This paper argues that for Kamala Das, poetry is not just an act of artistic expression but a powerful tool for self-realization and personal liberation. Through her work, she invites readers—especially women—to embark on their own journeys of self-discovery, encouraging them to explore, reclaim, and celebrate their identities.

Keywords: Sexuality, Memories, Personal Freedom, Self-Discovery, Journeys.

Page No: 39-43

Author: Sanat Dutta

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020006

Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into political decision-making has the potential to revolutionize governance by enhancing efficiency, objectivity, and data-driven policymaking. However, this technological advancement also raises profound ethical concerns that threaten democratic principles and public trust. This paper examines the ethical implications of AI in political decision-making, focusing on issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, accountability gaps, privacy violations, and the potential for misuse. Through a systematic review of literature and case study analysis, the study highlights how biased algorithms can perpetuate discrimination, opaque decision-making processes can erode trust, and the delegation of authority to AI systems can complicate accountability. Additionally, the collection and analysis of vast amounts of personal data for AI applications pose significant privacy risks, while the misuse of AI tools, such as social media bots and micro-targeting algorithms, can manipulate public opinion and undermine democratic processes. Despite these challenges, AI offers opportunities for improving governance, including data-driven policymaking, increased administrative efficiency, and enhanced public engagement. To address these ethical concerns, the paper proposes recommendations such as developing ethical guidelines, ensuring transparency in AI systems, strengthening accountability mechanisms, protecting privacy, and promoting public participation in AI deployment. By adopting these measures, policymakers and stakeholders can harness the benefits of AI while mitigating its risks, ensuring that AI serves the public good and contributes to a more just, equitable, and democratic society. This paper underscores the urgent need for ethical frameworks and regulatory oversight to guide the responsible use of AI in political decision-making.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Political Decision-Making, Ethics, Bias, Transparency, Accountability, Privacy, Democratic Processes.

Page No: 44-48

Author: Koyel Raha & Ranjan Sarkar 

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020007

Abstract: Bengali Muslim women played a significant yet often overlooked role in India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule. This article examines the multifaceted contributions of Bengali Muslim women to the freedom movement, shedding light on their participation in various forms of resistance, socio-political activism, and nation-building endeavours. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical records, biographical accounts, and scholarly literature, this article seeks to underscore the agency, resilience, and pioneering spirit exhibited by Bengali Muslim women during this transformative period in Indian history. By highlighting their invaluable contributions, this study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the intersectionality of gender, religion, and nationalism in the struggle for freedom.

Keywords: Bengali Muslim women, Nationalism, Resistance, Freedom struggle,  Activism.

Page No: 49-54

Author: Subrata Malick & Dr. Seema Rani

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020008

Abstract: Food security and women’s empowerment are two interconnected challenges that continue to shape socio-economic landscapes in rural India. While food insecurity stems from unstable livelihoods, underemployment, and inadequate resources, gender inequality manifests in limited access to economic opportunities and exclusion from household decision-making processes. Addressing these issues requires systemic interventions that balance inclusivity with sustainability. This paper critically reviews the role of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) as a policy tool aimed at addressing these urgent issues. Through guaranteed rural employment and women’s work participation, MGNREGA gives a raise to household food security while promoting gender balance. However, this paper explores a theoretical critique of empowerment, arguing that empowerment initiatives risk reinforcing perceptions of inferiority when framed as remedial measures for marginalized groups. Instead, MGNREGA differentiates itself by offering equal opportunities for economic participation, fostering a sense of autonomy and agency.

The paper examines gaps between the intended policy and actual ground realities with issues of delay in payments, administrative ineffectiveness, and persistence of patriarchal structures limiting women’s true empowerment. On the basis of a literature review and empirical study review, the paper argues that despite MGNREGA as being an important intervention towards solving issues of food insecurity and gender-based inequality, societal will remains at the helm for the eventual successful implementation of MGNREGA. The results highlight the need for policy synergy and grassroots-level reforms to achieve sustainable development outcomes.

Keywords: empowerment, food security, marginalized, equality

Page No: 55-61

Author: Ms. Ramandeep Kaur

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020009

Abstract: This paper aims to discuss the major issue regarding GenderEquity and Gender Equality in our country. The social structure of India has been traditionally male dominant one. Women always have to depend on men and in their family, outside and throughout their life. From historic situation we can see different kind of gender inequality issues exist and women are facing those issues. For this study the sample comprised of 180 primary school teachers of govt. schools and 30 teachers of education colleges. Data collected by using qualitative method conducted focus group discussion and interaction sessions. The paper also explains the adopted measures to discuss Gender Equality Measures for development of any society. In this paper focuses to explain the key difference between Gender Equity and Gender Equality, status, need and importance to enhancing Gender Equality in present time. Furthermore, the article highlights some facts about gender inequalities and the UNESCO Agenda for ensuring gender equality in Indian context. The study also describes various types of Gender Inequality stated by Prof. Amratya Sen mentioning special focus on responsible factors which affects the development of our society. This paper also explains Govt. initiatives to be taken for removing Gender Inequality and ensuring equality to people. As a result by practical implementing of these policy initiatives, we can see a reforming change in the women’s social status in relation to every aspect.

Keywords: Gender Equity & Gender Equality, Gender Equality Measures, UNESCO, Gender Inequality, Policy Initiatives

Page No: 62-70

Author: Debdatta Maity

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020010

Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a significant shift in India’s educational landscape, aiming to address long-standing disparities and create a more inclusive, equitable, and high-quality education system. This paper explores the key provisions of NEP 2020 and its implications for bridging regional, social, and gender gaps in Indian education. The policy emphasizes a holistic approach, incorporating multidisciplinary learning, foundational literacy, and digital education. It also focuses on enhancing teacher training, promoting social inclusion, and improving access to education in rural and marginalized areas. By aligning the education system with the needs of the 21st century, NEP 2020 has the potential to transform India’s education framework, ensuring that every student, irrespective of their socio-economic background, has the opportunity to thrive. However, successful implementation will require addressing infrastructure challenges, digital divides, and ensuring adequate resource allocation. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how NEP 2020 can serve as a tool to bridge the gaps in Indian education, fostering a more equitable and globally competitive system.

Keywords: NEP 2020, Education, Transformation, lifelong learning social.

Page No: 71-76

Author: Arnav Debnath

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020011

Abstract: The category of state violence in its crude form may sometimes conflate into a more nuanced one that emerged from a different and conditional category of political working deep within the realm of a particular society. The incident of violence in Hariharpara, a block in the  district of Murshidabad, resembled with such a kind of political violence quarter century ago, in 1992, acquiring its political nature from the category of ‘party society’. This article, however, attempts to understand the background, course and causes of that unprecedented incident of political violence in a democratic state of independent India through the testimony of an eye-witness of the violence before the ‘Inquiry Commission’ who himself was both an indirect victim and an ‘accused’ of the same.   

Keywords: Political violence, party-society, testimony, eye-witness, Hariharpara, HNKP.

Page No: 77-87

Author: Protima Brahma

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020012

Abstract: Urbanization is a complex phenomenon that has evolved significantly over time, from classical theories that focused on physical aspects of cities to contemporary perspectives that highlight the role of actors and dynamics in shaping urban spaces. This paper aims to define the concept of urbanization and explore the transition from classical to contemporary urbanization theories. Results and conclusions are drawn by examining key literature and analysing methodologies under urban studies. Moreover, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of urbanization trends and theories.

Keywords: Contemporary Urbanization, Capital Accumulation, Actor-Oriented, Dynamic Process.

Page No: 88-91

Author: Pema D Moktan

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020013

Abstract: Job satisfaction is defined as the, “pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job as achieving or facilitating the achievement of one’s job values. ”Perceived satisfaction on the job is reflected by the needs of sense of fulfillment and expectation for the job to be interesting, challenging and personally satisfying. Job satisfaction is also an achievement indicator in career developmental tasks also job satisfaction has visibly evolved through the decades, but most versions share the belief that job satisfaction is a work-related positive affective reaction.

Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Attitude, Perceived Satisfaction.

Page No: 92-99

Author: অনুশ্রী মাইতি দাস

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020014

Abstract:

এক অস্থির রাজনৈতিক পরিস্থিতির মধ্যে বেড়ে ওঠা রবীন্দ্রনাথের পারিবারিক দিক থেকে নাট্য নির্মাণ, নাট্যাভিনয় ছিল স্বাভাবিক প্রবণতা। সেই সঙ্গে সংবেদনশীল কবিমনের কারনে শ্রমজীবী মানুষদের প্রতিও তাঁর ছিল বিশেষ সহানুভূতি। যদিও তিনি সরাসরি কোন রাজনৈতিক ব্যক্তি ছিলেন না, বা সরাসরি রাজনৈতিক কথাও বলেননি, কিন্তু সমকালীন দেশ ও বিদেশের রাজনৈতিক কর্মকান্ড সম্পর্কে যথেষ্ট ওয়াকিবহাল ছিলেন। ফলে বারে বারে তাঁর নাটকে শ্রমজীবী মানুষের আন্দোলনের কথা উঠে এসেছে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন আঙ্গিকে।

Keywords: রবীন্দ্রনাথ, রবীন্দ্র নাট্য, শ্রমজীবী আন্দোলন.

Page No: 100-107

Author: K. Suchitha & Dr. I. Muthuchamy

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020015

Abstract: Teacher Education is rejuvenate in creating a pool of school teachers that will shape the next generation. The teacher preparation is an activity that promotes values, knowledge and skills on the part of its students through healthy practices. The study followed a descriptive method with normative survey technique. A scale on practice teaching and teaching attitude scale to 175 D.El.Ed trainees from various teacher training institutions in Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga Districts. The data obtained were subjected to percentages, differential and correlation Analysis. The study found that there was a significant positive relationship between practice teaching and teaching attitude of D.El.Ed trainees. Significant difference was also found between male and female D.El.Ed trainees with respect to practice teaching and its dimensions.

Keywords: Practice Teaching, D.El.Ed Trainees, Teaching Attitude and Healthy Practices.

Page No: 108-116

Author: Mamoni Khamrai & Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020016

Abstract: Aims/Purpose: The researcher has attempted to assess how students’ attitudes towards life skill instruction relate to the gender status. Methodology: A quantitative survey approach was used to gather information from 200 pupils in West Bengal’s Paschim Medinipur area. Data has been analysed using the Student’s ttest. Findings: The male and female types of respondents have different attitudes on how education affects life skills education. Higher levels of education are seen in male students than in female students, indicating that education has a greater influence on lifestyle education on male students and leading healthy lives compared to female students. Comments: By defending human rights, lifestyle education tends to encourage healthy living, which is again seen in how people cope with their physical, mental, social, and financial surroundings. Lastly, in this regard, education plays a big part.

Keywords: Life Skill Education, Healthy Life, Gender Status, Attitude, Student’s T-Test.

Page No: 117-122

Author: Dr. Sajal Dey

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020017

Abstract: Pre service Teachers are the future implementers of the teaching and learning process. Teacher trainees’ performance is a major factor in capacity building of oneself. This study aims to explore the nature of work discipline inculcated by the Teacher Education Institution through the teacher education program for their effective teacher performance. The sample consisted of 100 teacher trainees and the data were obtained by questionnaire. Suitable statistical analysis carried out. The finding reveals that Teacher trainees are trained through different teacher training activities which help in developing work discipline and have a significant effect on teacher performance. Teacher trainees are necessitated to fulfill the desired expectations as per the demand of NEP 2020 for School Education.

Keywords: Teacher’s Performance, Capacity Building, Work Discipline.

Page No: 123-128

Author: Priyanka Das & Prof. (Dr.) Debabrata Debnath

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020018

Abstract: Gender Disparity is a common issue in every aspects of Social life throughout the globe. The field of education is also affected by this issue from the ancient times. All the countries have taken many initiatives to eradicate this disparity. Laws have framed, awareness campaign s have taken, but still the problem is exists as a burning issue. In this paper the present researchers have tried to make a comparative note on different causes of these type of disparities exists in different south Asian Countries. Though there are some common causes in all the countries considered here, but the research reveals that there are some unique causes which exists in all the country separately.

Keywords: Disparity, Special Education, South Asian Countries.

Page No: 129-136