Year 2024 - November | Volume -2 | Issue -10

āύāĻžāϰāĻžā§ŸāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āφāϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻžāύ

Author: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100009

āϏāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ: āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ (ā§§ā§¯ā§§ā§Ž-⧧⧝⧭ā§Ļ), āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋāĻ•, āĻ”āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϜāύāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āϞāĻžāĻ­ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻ•āύāĻžāĻĨ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻŋāϤ⧃āĻĻāĻ¤ā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāϞ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ›āĻĻā§āĻŽāύāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇āχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϖ⧁āρāϤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āĻŽāϕ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻšāϰāύ āϤ⧋āϞ⧇āĨ¤ āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϘāϟāύāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāρāϚ āĻāĻ•āĻāϕ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϜāĻžāϤ-āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāĻ•āϕ⧇āχ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤  āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻžāϞāϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāϏāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĒ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϕ⧇ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻžā§āϜāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ, āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āĻāρāϕ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻšāϞ —’āĻĻ⧁āσāĻļāĻžāϏāύ’, ‘āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ’, ‘āĻĒ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāĻž’, ‘āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āĻž āϚāĻļāĻŽāĻž’, ‘āĻŦā§€āϤāĻ‚āĻļ’, ‘āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧋ āϜāϞ’, ‘āĻ“āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻĻ’, ‘āĻŽā§‡āĻšāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ–āĻžāρ’, ‘āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ’, ‘āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ’, ‘āύ⧀āϞāĻž’, ‘āύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧁āϚāϰāĻŋāϤ’, ‘āĻĄāĻŋāύāĻžāϰ’, ‘āϤ⧀āĻ°ā§āĻĨāϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž’, ‘āύ⧇āϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ’, ‘āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ’ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻšā§‡ āύāĻž, āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŽāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āύāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽā§€ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĄā§‹āĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāĻ—āϞāĻŋ, āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧁ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϖ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āϜāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ—āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϜāϞ āϤ⧇āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϜāĻŋāĻ­ āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧀āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻšāĻžāρāĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻĢā§‹āϟāĻž āϜāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝāĨ¤ ‘āĻĒ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāĻž’ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤    ‘āĻĻ⧁āσāĻļāĻžāϏāύ’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ, āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ-āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ, āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇āĻ“ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āφāĻĒāĻžāĻŽāϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻĻ⧁āσāĻļāĻžāϏāύāϕ⧇ āϕ⧋āύāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ  āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž āύāĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ, āĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĻ⧇āϰ, āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻ¤ā§āύāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āϚāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϝ⧁āĻ— āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧃āϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϏ⧇āχ āĻĻ⧁āσāĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āϤāĻžāρāϰ ‘āĻĻ⧁āσāĻļāĻžāϏāύ’ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϟāĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻšāĻ˛â€”’āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ’āĨ¤ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āύāĻ—ā§āύ āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŽ āĻĢāĻ•āĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϧāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϰāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϘ⧁āϰ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϏ⧇ āĻļā§āĻŽāĻļāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻĻ⧇āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ–āĻŖā§āĻĄ āϖ⧁āρāϜāϤ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ“ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āĻšāĻ˛â€”āĻāχ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϞāĻœā§āϜāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ ? āĻ•āĻžāϰ⧋āϰ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āχ āϤ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āϰ, āύāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŦāϧ⧁āϰāĨ¤ āĻļ⧇āώāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŽ āĻĢāĻ•āĻŋāϰ āϏ⧇āχ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ–āĻžāύāĻŋ āĻ—āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āχ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϞāĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž āϘāϰ⧇ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŽ āĻĢāĻ•āĻŋāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ—āϞāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ āϖ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻĻ⧁-āϟ⧁āĻ•āϰ⧋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇ āϜāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŽ āĻĢāĻ•āĻŋāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āφāϰ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧁āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŦāϧ⧁ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϏ⧁āϖ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĻāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϕ⧀ āĻ…āĻĻā§āϭ⧁āϤ āĻŽā§‹āϚāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āϭ⧇āϤāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ— āĻŦā§āϝāĻžā§āϜāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ! āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϜāĻžāϤ-āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ• āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽāχāĨ¤ ‘āύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧁’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϞ ‘āϕ⧁āĻŽā§€āϰ’āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž āϕ⧁āĻŽā§€āϰ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϧāϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŽāϰāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤ⧇āĻŽāύāĻŋ ‘āύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧁āϚāϰāĻŋāϤ’ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĨ¤ āϏ⧇ āύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧁āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻĻāύāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻž, āχāĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻŽ āĻĻāĻžāϰ⧋āĻ—āĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāϭ⧃āϤāĻŋ āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āύāĻž āϕ⧋āύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡ ‘āύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧁āϚāϰāĻŋāϤ’ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ⧇āϰ āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤ ‘āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ’ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϟāĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ ā§§ā§Šā§Ģā§Ļ-āĻāϰ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĨ¤ āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āϛ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϛ⧁āĻŸā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϭ⧇āĻŦ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāϤ āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϪ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āφāĻļāĻž āφāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āϜ⧌āϞ⧁āϏ āϛ⧁āρāϤ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϤāĻž āφāϖ⧇āϰ⧇ āĻĒāϤāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧁āύāĻĒā§āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āφāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϟāĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āϞāĻ•āĻžāϤāĻž āĻļāĻšāϰāĨ¤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻāχ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύ, āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰāĻŋ, āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ, āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž, āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻĻ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻ•, āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•, āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻžāĻŦāĻĻāϞ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻšā§‹āϖ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āϖ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ⧇ āϤāĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻŦ⧇āρāĻšā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϞāĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āϏāĻšāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤāĻžāĨ¤ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āφāϛ⧇āύ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāϰāϞāϤāĻžāϰ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāϰāĻŽ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻĒāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻšā§‹āϰāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇ āϭ⧇āϜāĻžāϞ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻžāύ⧋, āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĻāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāϰ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻĻ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻŖā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āύ⧃āĻļāĻ‚āϏ āϘāϟāύāĻžāĻ“ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻŦ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏāĻšāĻ¸ā§āϰ āĻ–āĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ–āύ⧋ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĻ¨â€”āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āφāĻ­āĻžāϏ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒāĻžāχāĨ¤

āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ: āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ, āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž, āĻĻ⧇āĻļ-āĻ­āĻžāĻ—, āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ, ‘āĻĻ⧁āσāĻļāĻžāϏāύ’, ‘āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ’, ‘āĻĒ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāĻž’, ‘āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āĻž āĻŽāĻž’, ‘āĻŦā§€āϤāĻ‚āĻļ’, ‘āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧋ āϜāϞ’, ‘āĻ“āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻĻ’, ‘āĻŽā§‡āĻšāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ–āĻžāρ’, ‘āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ’, ‘āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ’, ‘āύ⧀āϞāĻž’, ‘āύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧁āϚāϰāĻŋāϤ’, ‘āĻĄāĻŋāύāĻžāϰ’, ‘āϤ⧀āĻ°ā§āĻĨāϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž’, ‘āύ⧇āϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ’, ‘āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ’ ‘āĻļāĻŋāĻ™āĻŦā§‹āĻ™āĻž’, ‘āĻ•āϰāĻŽāĻĻ⧇āĻŦāϤāĻž’ āĨ¤

Page No-1 – 7

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND PREVENTION OF CHILD MARRIAGE IN MURSHIDABAD: AN OVERVIEW

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100002

Author: Panna Mallick & Dr.Avneesh Kumar

Abstract: Child marriage remains a global issue, predominantly affecting girls in low- and middle-income countries. This practice is not only a violation of human rights but also a significant impediment to socio-economic development. This article examines the socio-economic problems associated with child marriage, including poverty, lack of education, and gender inequality, and proposes strategies for its prevention. Understanding the root causes and consequences of child marriage is crucial to developing effective interventions and policies. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Approximately 200 respondents were surveyed, with a subset of 30–40 participants selected for in-depth interviews. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data on socio-economic conditions, education levels, income, and experiences related to child marriage. The eradication of child marriage in Murshidabad requires a multi-pronged approach that addresses its socio-economic roots and challenges entrenched cultural norms. By prioritizing education, empowering women and families economically, and leveraging community engagement, the district can create an environment where every girl has the opportunity to thrive.

Keywords: Child Marriage, Socio-Economic, Empowering Women, Community, Cultural.

Page No: 8-13

A POSITION OFCHILD LABOUR IN NORTH 24 PARGANAS, WITH SPCIAL REFERENCE BASIRHAT

Author: Dr.Manasi Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100003

Abstract: An important part of the worldwide movement to end child labour is helping former child workers make the transition to formal schooling. This objective is mostly pursued in India via the National Child Labour Project. There are a lot of encouraging results from the study. For example, there is evidence of sufficient education quality and availability, and there are high percentages of providing kids with both free learning materials and lunch. On the other hand, concerns were also highlighted, such as insufficient provision of free health care to children who choose to attend school instead of labour and anomalies in stipend payments to parents of child workers who send their children to school.  The study uncovered certain operational shortcomings that hinder the project’s efficacy by reducing the motivation and capacity of parents to send their children to school instead of working.

Keywords: Child labour, education, India, West Bengal, national child labour project

Page No: 14-17

Trends and Advancements in Science Education: A Comparative Study of India and China

Author: Ajoy Ghosh & SurapatiPramanik

DOI Link: : https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100004

Abstract: Two Asian developing countries India and China are most populous country in rthe world. These two countries have notable revolutions and improvements in School Science Education (SSE) system. Several studies and data obtained from various international assessment like Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies (TIMSS), Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) etc. suggested that Chinese students outperformed Indian students in the international science competitions over the past few decades. This study will focus how various policy reforms from time to time was helpful for China as the forerunner of 21st century appropriate SSE standard. This comparative study uses content analysis method for analysing secondary qualitative data obtained from various authentic sources. The study will focus on the several major stengths and shortfalls of SSE regarding school science curriculum, pedagogy, examination system, teacher education system for preparing science teachers in a comparative manner. The outcome of the stude may be helpful for educational policymakers, stakeholders and school science education researchers for developing SSE system in the two countries under comparison as well as for the other deve3loping countries in the world.

Keywords: School Science Education(SSE), TIMSS and PISA Science Reports, Policy Reforms regarding SSE

Page No: 18-32

A SURVEY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS

Author: Soroj Kumar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100005

Abstract: As environmental issues become increasingly critical, understanding how future educators perceive and approach these challenges is essential for effective environmental education. This survey aims to assess the environmental attitudes of prospective teachers, evaluating their perceptions, beliefs, and readiness to incorporate environmental issues into their teaching practices. For this purpose the researcher has used the descriptive survey research design. In this study the population consists of the B. Ed and D. El. Ed college students studying in different colleges (Govt, Govt. Aided and Self Finance) of Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur districts of West Bengal. Out of the population a sample 500 students including male (230) and female (270) were selected by following purposive sampling method for the purpose of the study. To assess the attitude towards Environment of Prospective Teachers, a standardise questionnaire was developed by the researcher with the help of her supervisor that was administered and applied uniformly to different students of above mentioned disciplines. The questionnaire consisted of two parts (i) Demographic Data Sheet, and (ii) Attitude scale of Prospective Teachers towards Environment (consists of 100 items). The researcher used both the descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics for analyzing the collected data. The study reveals that The prospective teachers have a favorable attitude towards environment and there is  significant difference in the environmental attitude among prospective teachers in respect of their gender, residence and stream of study.

Keywords: Environmental, Prospective Teachers, Disciplines, Attitudes, Awareness, Knowledge.

Page No: 33-39

EDUCATION IN THE EYES OF VIVEKANANDA: A STUDY

Author: Prabha Henry

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100006

Abstract: Swami Vivekananda, a prominent figure in the Indian renaissance, significantly shaped modern educational thought with his unique vision. His approach to education, deeply rooted in Indian philosophical traditions and influenced by Western ideas, emphasizes holistic development, self-realization, and the role of education in societal transformation. This article explores Vivekananda’s educational philosophy, examining his views on the purpose of education, the ideal educational system, and the integration of spirituality with learning. By analyzing Vivekananda’s educational ideals, this study aims to highlight their relevance in contemporary educational discourse. Swami Vivekananda’s educational philosophy provides a profound and comprehensive perspective on the purpose and practice of education. His emphasis on self-realization, character building, and the integration of spiritual values with practical learning offers a timeless framework for educational development.

Keyword: Vivekananda Thought, Human Capital And Education, Freedom, Godly, Righteous, And Altruistic.

Page No: 40-46

An Unleashing Potential: Creative Skills Development at the Higher Secondary Level

Author: Kumari  Dolly Rani

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100007

Abstract: This study, “Unleashing Potential: Creative Skills Development at the Higher Secondary Level,” explores the multifaceted factors influencing the development of creative skills among higher secondary students and assesses the role of the school environment in fostering these skills. The findings reveal that a supportive school climate, adequate resources, and effective teaching practices significantly contribute to creative skill development. However, challenges such as insufficient professional development, curriculum constraints, and resistance to change hinder the promotion of creativity. The study proposes strategies including integrating creative pedagogy into the curriculum, enhancing professional development, creating supportive learning environments, leveraging technology, and encouraging extracurricular engagement. By addressing these strategies and overcoming identified challenges, schools can better foster creativity and prepare students for success in an increasingly dynamic and innovative world.

Keywords: Creative Skills Development, Higher Secondary Education, School Environment, Educational Practices, Professional Development, Curriculum Innovation.

Page No:47-58

From Rock to River: Exploring the Various Geo-diversity Elements of Kangsabati River Basin.

Author: Mrs.Aditi Ghosh& Dr. Arvind Kumar Singh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100008

Abstract: The Kangsabati River Basin, located in eastern India, is a dynamic landscape that exhibits a rich geo-diversity, shaping both natural systems and human activities. The present study investigates the geological, geo-morphological, and hydrological characteristics of the region. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining remote sensing, GIS, field surveys, and historical data, the research delves into the geological formations, soil profiles, mineral resources, fluvial systems, and landforms that define the basin. The thematic maps have been prepared such as Geology, Slope analysis, soil, Drainage Density, stream Ordering, Contour, Climate, Land use/land cover (LULC), and Agricultural change detection map using GIS software. Additionally, the study explores the anthropogenic impacts on the river basin, including land use changes, mining activities, and water extraction. By understanding the intricate linkages between geology and the river system, this research provides insights for better conservation, land use planning, and resource management within the region. This exploration not only underscores the geo-diversity of the Kangsabati River Basin but also presents a framework for analyzing similar river basins in the context of environmental management and regional development.

Keywords: Geodiversity, Landuse Landcover, GIS, Kangsabati River Basin.

Page No: 59-73

The Intersection of Green HRM and Sustainable Development: A Pathway to Eco-Friendly Business Practices

Author: Sakshi Mittal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100009

Abstract: Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) is emerging as a crucial strategy for aligning organizational goals with sustainable development objectives. Nowadays, sustainable growth is necessary. Adopting environmentally friendly policies is necessary to ensure that this globe continues to be a pleasant place to live. Both public and corporate organizations can make a significant contribution to a greener future by incorporating various basic environmentally friendly measures into their daily operations. Adapting to the changing demand for the green economy requires proactive interventions in the areas of employment, education and training. This is because the need for new trends requires the adoption of new skills or modification of existing skills.This paper explores the role of Green HRM in fostering eco-friendly business practices and how its integration into human resource policies contributes to achieving sustainable development. Through an interdisciplinary review, the study analyzes the mechanisms through which Green HRM influences organizational sustainability, its challenges, and future potential.

Keywords: Green HRM, Green HRM practices, Sustainable development, sustainability,environment friendly.

Page No: 74-81

Exploring the Role of Teachers’ Job Performance in Enhancing Institutional Quality through Educational Technology

Author: Professor. Prokash Biswas & Dr. Santanu Biswas

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/021000010

Abstract:

Background: In recent years, educators have increasingly recognised the potential of technology to improve teaching and learning. As a result, technology integration in the classroom has become more common. The importance of teachers’ work in improving school quality via the strategic use of technology is outlined in this abstract.

Objectives: Finding out what makes people do their jobs better so that schools may utilize technology to their advantage is the main goal of this study. This is an experimental research. Five hundred pupils from West Bengali secondary schools chosen for the study.

There were exactly two equal groups made up of the chosen sample. The two sets of students paired according to their average test results. The study’s results show that effective use of technology in the classroom is greatly influenced by how well instructors do their jobs. Teachers in the experimental group had excellent technical competence and great pedagogical abilities, making them more suited to design stimulating and productive classrooms. Engaged, motivated, and successful students are the result of good instructional design and the capacity to modify pedagogical practices to make use of technology. Teachers in the control group lacked the necessary technology skills to adequately prepare themselves to design stimulating and productive classrooms.

Keywords: Job Performance, Quality of Institution, Technology in Education Experimental group, Control Group, Secondary School

Page No: 82-90

Participation of Women in Political Process in Local Bodies: An Assessment

Author: Ms. Ajija Sultana

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/021000011

Abstract: Political participation is not only a symbol of women’s empowerment by promoting women’s interest but also creates further awareness and mobilizes other women to be a part of the political arena. Women’s political participation and empowerment cannot be confined to merely political rights. This study has been carried out to take valuable feedback regarding the performance of women who were local representatives of their area and to understand what women as ordinary voters think about women who are active in politics and part of local administration. For this purpose a field study was conducted across different areas of the state in order to study the nature of political participation among rural and urban women in the state. Total 404 women were interviewed during the field study, 192 women from the rural area and 212 from the urban area across the five districts in the state. The findings indicate that Women in the villages were mostly dependent on a Pradha/Mukhiya/Councillor for all sorts of help be it economic or social and women Voters in the village had individual capacity to judge a candidate based on their campaigning.

Keywords: Village, Women Voters, Economic, Social, Political Participation.

Page No: 91-97

ā¤ĩāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤Ēā¤žā¤° ⤕āĨ‡ ⤉ā¤Ļā¤žā¤°āĨ€ā¤•⤰⤪ ⤕āĨ‡ ⤏⤂ā¤Ļ⤰āĨā¤­ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤­ā¤žā¤°ā¤¤ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤ĩāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤Ēā¤žā¤° ⤍āĨ€ā¤¤ā¤ŋ ā¤Ē⤰ā¤ŋā¤ĩ⤰āĨā¤¤ā¤¨ā¤•ā¤ž ⤅⤧āĨā¤¯ā¤¯ā¤¨

Author: ā¤Ŧā¤Ŧ⤞āĨ‚ ⤕āĨā¤Žā¤žā¤°

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/021000012

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ā¤ŽāĨā¤–āĨā¤¯ā¤ļā¤ŦāĨā¤Ļ ā¤ĩāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤Ēā¤žā¤° ⤕āĨ‡ ⤉ā¤Ļā¤žā¤°āĨ€ā¤•⤰⤪,ā¤ĩāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤Ēā¤žā¤° ⤍āĨ€ā¤¤ā¤ŋ,ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤ļāĨ€ ā¤ĩāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤Ēā¤žā¤°,ā¤ŦāĨā¤°ā¤ŋ⤟ā¤ŋā¤ļ ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸ā¤¨,ā¤ĨāĨ‹ā¤• ā¤ĩāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤Ēā¤žā¤°,⤆⤰āĨā¤Ĩā¤ŋ⤕ ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤•ā¤žā¤¸

Page No: 98-106

āϏ⧁āύ⧀āϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ-āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ : āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻšā§‡āϤāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ

Author: āĻŽā§ŒāϏ⧁āĻŽā§€ āĻ˜ā§‹āώ ; āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• (āĻĄ.) āϏāĻŽā§€āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāĻĻ

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100013

āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ: āϏ⧁āύ⧀āϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ, āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦ⧇āώāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϰāϚāύāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ•-āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡â€”āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ, āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻšā§‡āϤāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧁āύ⧀āϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž, āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ­āĻžāĻ—, āύāĻ—āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž-āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϘāϟāύāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛â€”āϤāĻžāϰāχ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻĨāĻŋāϤ-āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ, āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
āϏ⧁āύ⧀āϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϧāĻŽāĻžāύ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻšā§‡āϤāύāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧂āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻŽ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āφāĻŦ⧇āĻ—āϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧃āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻ“ āύāĻ•āĻļāĻžāϞāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒ⧃āĻ•ā§āϤāϤāĻž, āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧀āϝāĻŧ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧈āώāĻŽā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžâ€”āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻˇā§āϝāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧋āϞ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻā§€āĻĒāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡, āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ āĻ“ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤ⧇āϜāύāĻž, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāϕ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
āφāϞ⧋āĻšā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧇ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧁āύ⧀āϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇ āϤāĻž āϤ⧁āϞ⧇ āϧāϰ⧇ āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏ⧇āϤ⧁āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻžāχ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϰ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻĻā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀āĻ—āϤ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āφāϞ⧋āĻšā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤ āϏ⧂āύ⧀āϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻ—āĻžāϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžâ€”āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϧāĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ•-āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāϏāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ• āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻž āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāϕ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

Keywords: āϏ⧁āύ⧀āϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž, āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻšā§‡āϤāύāĻž, āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ, āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ­āĻžāĻ—, āύāĻ—āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ, āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ, āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

Page No: 107-115

āĻ•ā§ŒāϤ⧁āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‹ā§œāϕ⧇ āύāĻŦāύ⧀āϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāϏ⧇āύ⧇āϰ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āύāĻžāϰ⧀āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ

Author: āϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• (āĻĄ.) āϏāĻŽā§€āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāĻĻ

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100014

āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ: āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧃āϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ—āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻšāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āϏāĻ•āϞ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋāĻŖā§€āĻ“ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧃āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāϞ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ, āϝāĻžāϰ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāĨ¤ āύāĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāϧāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϧ⧀āϰ⧇ āϧ⧀āϰ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϞ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāĨ¤ āύāĻžāϰ⧀āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ, āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒāĻĻāĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  āĻšāϞ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻžāĻ—āĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āύāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āωāĻ āϞ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ, āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ†ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύāĨ¤ āύāĻŦāύ⧀āϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāϏ⧇āύ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ⧇ āĻ…āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝ āϞ⧇āĻ–āύ⧀āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϏ⧇āχ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāχ āϏ⧁āϚāĻžāϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞ⧇ āϧāϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϤ⧇ āύ⧇āχ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ”āĻĻā§āϧāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŽāύ⧋āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āωāĻ—ā§āϰāϤāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻŸā§‹āϞ, āϏāϰāϞ, āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āĻŽā§‡āϜāĻžāĻœā§‡ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡ āύāĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϜ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋ⧟ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ, āϤ⧇āĻŽāύāχ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇ āĻ…āύāĻŦāĻĻā§āϝ āĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϝāϰāϏāĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϤāϰāϞ āφāϰāĻžāĻŽ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āύāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϝ⧇āύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋ āφāϰ āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻāχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϭ⧇āĻĻ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āύāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ āϝ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϜāύ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāύ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āύāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāϰ⧁āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰ⧀ āύ⧟, āĻŦāϰāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āϏāĻšāϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻŖā§€, āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āύāĻŋāϜāϗ⧁āϪ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϤ⧇ āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āύ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋āχ āύāĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻ“ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇ āĻ…āϏāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϧāύ⧇āϰāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āϝ⧋āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāϏ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇, āϏ⧇āχ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āϜ⧟ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻœā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻĢāϞ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻ⧁āĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤ⧇āĻŽāύāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨāϤāĻž āφāϏāϤ⧇āχ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧁ āύāĻžāϰ⧀āĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āσāϏāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϧāύ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāϤ⧀āĨ¤ āφāϰ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ—āĻŽā§āĻ­ā§€āϰāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āϜāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϝāϰāϏ, āϝāĻž āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāĻĒāĻ­ā§‹āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

Keywords: āĻ•ā§ŒāϤ⧁āĻ•āϰāϏ, āύāĻžāϰ⧀āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ, āĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϝāϰāϏ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ⧋āĻšāĨ¤

Page No: 116-121

āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝāϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿāύ

Author: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§āϰ⧀ āĻŽāĻžāχāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāϏ

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100015

āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ: āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻ“ āύāĻžāϟāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϤāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āϝ āφāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽ āĻšāϞ⧇āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϧāϰ āĻ”āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ–āύ⧋ āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝāϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύ āύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝāĻŽāύ āϞāĻžāĻ­ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝāϚāĻ°ā§āϚāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŽā§‹āϟ ā§Ģ āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏāϕ⧇ āύāĻžāϟāϕ⧇ āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤāσ āĻŽāĻžā§āϚāĻžāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧟āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϞāϟ āĻ“ āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ“ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁āĻˇā§āϟ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻ•āĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ⧀ āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻ“ āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ āϘāϟāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āύ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

Keywords: āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ, āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝ, āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝāϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ

Page No: 122-129

Trainee Teacher’s Work Discipline and its Effect on Their Performance in the High Schoolsof Cooch Behar District of West Bengal Particularly in Context to School Education VideNEP 2020

Author: Dr. Savita Mishra

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100016

Abstract: Pre service Teachers are the future implementers of the teaching and learning process. Teacher trainees’ performance is a major factor in capacity building of oneself. This study aims to explore the nature of work discipline inculcated by the Teacher Education Institution through the teacher education program for their effective teacher performance. The sample consisted of 100 teacher trainees and the data were obtained by questionnaire. Suitable statistical analysis carried out. The finding reveals that Teacher trainees are trained through different teacher training activities which help in developing work discipline and have a significant effect on teacher performance. Teacher trainees are necessitated to fulfill the desired expectations as per the demand of NEP 2020 for School Education.

Keywords: Teacher’s Performance, Capacity Building, Work Discipline.

Page No: 130-134

The Social Media Paradox: Connectivity, Isolation, and the Shifting Dynamics of Human Interaction

Author: Nasrin Banu

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100017

Abstract: The study of The Social Media Paradox: Connectivity, Isolation, and the Shifting Dynamics of Human Interaction explores the complex and often contradictory effects of social media on human relationships, mental health, and societal norms. While social media fosters unprecedented global connectivity, enabling people to maintain relationships and find communities, it also leads to feelings of isolation, loneliness, and superficial interactions. This research delves into the dual nature of social media, highlighting its impact on mental health, particularly in vulnerable populations, and its role in reshaping communication patterns. Additionally, it examines the implications for social identity, community-building, and activism in the digital age. By investigating both the positive and negative aspects of social media, this study aims to provide a more balanced understanding of its role in modern society and offers insights for healthier engagement with digital platforms.

Keywords: Social Media, Connectivity, Isolation, Mental Health, Human Interaction.

Page No: 135-139

Transforming Careers: A Study on the Role of Professional Development in Career Growth

Author: Bikash Mondal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100018

Abstract: This study, “Transforming Careers: A Study on the Role of Professional Development in Career Growth”, explores the vital role professional development (PD) plays in career advancement and long-term success in today’s dynamic job market. As industries undergo rapid technological advancements, shifting job requirements, and evolving organizational needs, PD has emerged as a fundamental tool for individuals and organizations to remain competitive. The research examines the direct correlation between PD opportunities and career growth, with a focus on how skill enhancement, continuous learning, and networking contribute to professional success. It highlights the significance of PD in closing skill gaps, boosting employee engagement, and enhancing job satisfaction, ultimately leading to better retention rates. The study also emphasizes the importance of PD programs for empowering marginalized groups, offering equitable opportunities for career progression. Furthermore, it addresses the growing need for soft skills, such as emotional intelligence, communication, and leadership, and how PD contributes to their development. This research also provides valuable insights for policymakers and educational institutions to design inclusive and effective PD programs that align with contemporary career development practices. Ultimately, this study underscores the transformative potential of PD in shaping both individual careers and organizational success.

Keywords: Professional Development, Career Growth, Skill Enhancement, Employee Engagement, Soft Skills.

Page No: 140-144

India-U.S. Relations: Convergence, Divergence and Cooperation

Author: Md Taufiq Akhtar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100019

Abstract: India-United States relations represent one of the most consequential bilateral engagements of the 21st century. Historically fraught with Cold War antagonism, differing strategic orientations, and ideological suspicion, the relationship has since evolved into a multifaceted partnership encompassing defense, economic cooperation, technology transfer, climate change, and cultural diplomacy. Yet, alongside this convergence, there remain significant divergences on trade policies, foreign alignments, and governance values. This article traces the historical evolution of India-U.S. relations, examines major areas of convergence, highlights zones of divergence, and explores adaptive mechanisms of cooperation that sustain the partnership despite episodic frictions. By analyzing strategic documents, policy frameworks, trade data, and recent geopolitical developments, this study provides a comprehensive account of the dialectical trajectory of India-U.S. ties.

Keywords: India-U.S. Relations, Convergence, Divergence, Mechanisms of Cooperation.

Page No: 145-152

The Dalit Struggle in the Selected Writings of Narendra Jadhav: A Comprehensive Analysis

Author: Suman Roy

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100020

Abstract: This study critically examines the Dalit struggle as represented in the autobiographical writings of Dr. Narendra Jadhav, focusing on Aamcha Baap Aan Amhi (1993), Outcaste: A Memoir (2002), and Untouchables: My Family’s Triumphant Journey Out of the Caste System (2005). Jadhav’s works provide a vivid portrayal of caste-based oppression, social exclusion, and psychological marginalization experienced by three generations of his family. Through first-person narratives enriched with Marathi cultural idioms and oral storytelling techniques, he illustrates the interplay of personal resilience, family solidarity, and collective resistance against systemic discrimination. The study highlights education as a central instrument of empowerment, emphasizing its transformative role in achieving social mobility and dignity. By combining individual perspective with broader social critique, Jadhav diversifies Dalit literature, offering insights into intergenerational struggles, identity formation, and the ongoing quest for social justice.

Keywords: Dalit Literature, Caste Oppression, Resilience, Education, Intergenerational Struggle.

Page No: 153-157

Karma Yoga in the Bhagavad GÄĢtā: A Study of Its Relevance

Author: Debarati Sinha

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100021

Abstract: The Bhagavad GÄĢtā, one of the most influential philosophical texts in the world, offers profound insights into human life, morality, and spirituality. Among its diverse teachings, Karma Yoga, the path of selfless action, occupies a central and enduring place. This philosophy emphasizes performing one’s prescribed duties (svadharma) diligently while renouncing attachment to the outcomes of action, thereby cultivating mental equanimity, ethical integrity, and inner peace. The present paper examines the philosophical underpinnings of Karma Yoga, focusing on its principles of selflessness, detachment, and devotion, and explores how these principles contribute to the holistic development of an individual. It also discusses the ethical significance of Karma Yoga, highlighting its role in fostering moral responsibility, social harmony, and collective welfare (lokasaᚃgraha). Beyond its ethical dimensions, the study investigates the psychological relevance of Karma Yoga in contemporary life, illustrating how detachment from results, disciplined action, and focus on duty can enhance resilience, reduce stress, improve motivation, and promote emotional stability in personal and professional spheres. Furthermore, the paper examines the practical application of Karma Yoga in modern contexts such as leadership, education, corporate governance, and public service, demonstrating how its principles can guide responsible decision-making, altruistic behavior, and sustainable practices. By integrating philosophical analysis with ethical, psychological, and social perspectives, this study highlights the timeless relevance of Karma Yoga, showing that it offers a comprehensive framework for balancing action with reflection, personal growth with social responsibility, and spiritual aspiration with worldly engagement. The paper concludes that Karma Yoga, far from being merely a spiritual or religious concept, is a universal and practical philosophy that provides guidance for ethical living, mental well-being, and meaningful engagement with the challenges of modern life.

Keywords: Karma Yoga, Bhagavad GÄĢtā, Selfless Action, Duty (Dharma), NiášŖkāma Karma, Svadharma.

Page No: 158-163

Mental Health And Academic Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students in Agartala

Author: Dr. Ratan Kumar Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100022

Abstract: Mental health is an aspect of a person’s overall health. Mental health is a combination of a person’s physical health and mental health. In daily life, family, social, economic, political, educational events have affected our mental health. It puts stress on the mind in many ways that can disrupt mental well-being. In our Society academic achievement is considered as a key criterion to Judge one total potentialities and capacities. A good mental health creates better motivation of students and students will perform well in their academic achievement. The objectives of the study are to find out significant difference if any in the mental health and academic achievement of students in relation to gender, locale and type of management. The descriptive method of survey was adopted. The sample of this study consisted of senior secondary school students of Agartala. Mental Health Inventory of Talesara and Bano (2011) was used for data collection. The findings of the study were that there was significant difference in mental health of students in relation to gender and locale and non-significant in type of management variations. There was significant difference in Academic achievement of students in relation to locale and type of management and non-significant in gender variations. In each case the relationship between Mental Health and Academic Achievement was significant.

Keywords: Mental Health, Academic achievement, Senior Secondary School Students.

Page No: 164-171

Teacher Education and Total Quality Management (TQM): A Humanities Perspective

Author: Dr. Asit Kumar Jana

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100023

Abstract: Teacher education has undergone profound redefinition under the pressures of globalization, digital transformation, and shifting societal aspirations. As institutions transition from conventional classroombased approaches to blended and online forms of learning, concerns over maintaining excellence in teacher preparation have intensified. Total Quality Management (TQM), though rooted in industrial practice, has evolved into an influential framework for fostering quality in educational environments. This article examines the nature and purpose of teacher education, the changing meanings of quality, and the relevance of TQM as a tool to enhance accountability, transparency, and professionalism. Drawing from a humanities perspective, the discussion highlights the centrality of ethical sensibility, empathy, cultural awareness, reflective practice, and social responsibility in shaping quality teacher education. The paper also considers NAAC, NCTE, and internal quality assurance mechanisms as essential structures for sustaining continuous improvement.

Keywords: Teacher Education, Total Quality Management, Quality Assurance, NAAC, NCTE, Humanities Perspective..

Page No: 172-178

āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž (AI): āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž, āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āĻ—, āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧇āĻžā§āϜ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž

Author: Asim Kumar Patra

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100024

Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ): āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž (AI) āĻāϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏ⧀āĻŽāĨ¤ AI āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϕ⧇ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāϤāĻž āφāϰāĻ“ āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧋āϞ⧇āĨ¤ AI āĻāϰ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ, āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĨ¤ AI āĻāϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āύ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŽāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻĄā§āϕ⧇āĻļāύ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāχāĻœā§‡āĻļāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§āϟ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāφāχ-āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϏāĻĢā§āϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧇āĻžā§āϜ āĻšāϞ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϜāύ, āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻž āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ, āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧈āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āϝ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āĨ¤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϞ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ, āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻž āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž āφāχāύ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž, āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• AI āĻĄā§‡āϭ⧇āϞāĻĒāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĨ¤ AI āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϤ āωāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‹āϚāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ (NEP 2020) āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āωāĻĻā§āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ AI āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϕ⧇ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāϤāĻž āφāϰāĻ“ āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧋āϞ⧇āĨ¤ AI āĻāϰ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞāĨ¤

Keywords(āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž (AI), āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€, āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ, āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹, āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻž āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž, āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• AI, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻŽāĻžāύ, āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§€āĻŖ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ, āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ (NEP 2020), āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĨ¤

Page No: 179-184

āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻž

Author: Nilofar Rahaman

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100025

Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ): āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ, āφāĻļāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžâ€“āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡â€”āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦ⧇, āĻļ⧃āĻ™ā§āĻ–āϞāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āϏ⧇āϰāĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻ“āĻ āĻž, āĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ­āĻž āĻ“ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āĻ“ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻžāϤāĨ¤ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁ āφāρāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧇, āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏ⧇āϰāĻž āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇ āĻ­āϝāĻŧ, āĻĻ⧁āĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻ“ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻšā§€āύāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϭ⧁āĻ—āϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧ—āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧāϰāĻž āϚāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĻ• āĻšā§‹āĻ•āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋, āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻ“ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āϤāĻ–āύāχ āϏ⧌āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻ–āύ āϤāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻ“ āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ—āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞāϤāĻž āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻžāχ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϚāĻžāĻĒ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ“ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻžāχ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻĨ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻļā§‹āύ⧇āύ, āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύāϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āύ, āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāχ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤

Keywords(āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁, āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž, āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ•, āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāϤāĻž, āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•, āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻž, āĻļ⧈āĻļāĻŦ, āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž, parenting, āϏāĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āϝ, āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž, āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ•, āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻŽāĻžāĨ¤

Page No: 185-189

āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āĻŽā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻ“ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž

Author: Akash Ghosh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100026

Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ): āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€āύāĨ¤ āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ, āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻšāĻžāϰ, āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ, āĻĄā§āϰāĻĒāφāωāϟ, āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞāϤāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĨ¤

āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•, āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϏāĻ•āϞāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāϕ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύāĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϤāĻžāϞ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰāĻž āφāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§€ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ›āϤāĻž āφāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ, āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝāĨ¤

Keywords(āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ, āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻšāĻžāϰ, āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻžāĨ¤

Page No: 190-202

Women’s Education in Modern India: Progress, Challenges, and the Road Ahead – A Comprehensive Research Article

Author: Dr. Moumita Mitra

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100027

Abstract: Women’s education in modern India stands at the intersection of historical progress, cultural transformation, socio-economic development, and policy evolution. Over the last seven decades, India has witnessed remarkable improvements in female literacy, school enrollment, higher education participation, and professional advancement. Yet, persistent challenges—including regional inequalities, gender norms, early marriage, safety concerns, socio-economic barriers, and digital exclusion—continue to obstruct universal educational empowerment for women. This research article provides a comprehensive exploration of women’s education in contemporary India. It traces historical developments, evaluates current trends, analyzes policy frameworks, and identifies socio-cultural factors that shape access and outcomes. The article further examines the impact of technology, economic reforms, and feminist movements on educational participation while outlining future strategies to achieve equitable, inclusive, and transformative learning for all women in India.

Keywords: Gender Equality, Female Literacy, Educational Empowerment, Socio-Cultural Barriers, Policy Interventions.

Page No: 203-208

āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž

Author: Sabnam Farha

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100028

Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ): āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ, āϝāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āϏāχ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ—āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāĻļā§€āϞāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ⧇āχ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϰ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ, āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āϏ⧃āϜāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§€āϜ āϰ⧋āĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ, āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹, āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖâ€“āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāϰ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϝāĻžāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻ—āϤ, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ“ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāύ⧀āϤāĻŋāϰ āφāϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāϰ āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āϝ⧇āĻŽāĻ¨â€”āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŦ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ, āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻž-āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽāϤāĻžāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžâ€”āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ, āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞāϤāĻž, āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§€āĻŖ-āĻļāĻšā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦ⧈āώāĻŽā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻžāϰ āϘāĻžāϟāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧇āĻžā§āϜāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ, āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻžāĻ“ āĻāχ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϞ⧋āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇, āĻāχ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ⧇ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϗ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āϤ⧁āϞ⧇ āϧāϰ⧇āĨ¤

Keywords(āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻ—āϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĨ¤

Page No: 209-214

Ethics of Earth Care: Building Character and Compassion for Environmental Citizenship

Author: Mr. Sourav Kundu

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100029

Abstract: Environmental degradation has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the twenty-first century, raising critical ethical questions about humanity’s relationship with the natural world. Beyond scientific and technological solutions, the ecological crisis demands moral reflection, value-based education, and responsible citizenship. This paper explores the concept of the ethics of earth care as a foundation for building character and compassion necessary for environmental citizenship. It examines earth care as an ethical responsibility rooted in respect for life, highlights the role of character formation in shaping environmentally responsible behaviour, and emphasizes compassion as a guiding principle that extends care beyond human boundaries. The study also discusses environmental citizenship as the practical expression of ethical awareness and the crucial role of educational and social institutions in nurturing sustainable values. The paper argues that environmental protection cannot be sustained through regulations alone; rather, it requires internalized ethical commitment and moral responsibility. By fostering character and compassion, individuals can become active environmental citizens who contribute meaningfully to ecological sustainability and social justice. The paper concludes that ethical earth care is essential for ensuring a harmonious and sustainable future for both humanity and the planet.

Keywords: Earth Care Ethics, Environmental Citizenship, Character Education, Compassion, Sustainability, Environmental Responsibility.

Page No: 215-219

Indian Wisdom for a Sustainable World: Ecological Insights from Ancient Traditions

Author: Mr. Santanu Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100030

Abstract: The accelerating ecological crisis of the contemporary world—manifested through climate change, environmental pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss—demands solutions that go beyond technological interventions. Ethical, philosophical, and cultural perspectives are increasingly recognized as essential for sustainable development. In this context, ancient Indian wisdom offers a holistic ecological vision rooted in harmony, restraint, and reverence for nature. Indian philosophical and spiritual traditions perceive nature not as a mere resource but as a sacred, living entity governed by cosmic order (ṛta). Concepts such as Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world as one family), Ahimsa (non-violence), and Aparigraha (non-possessiveness) foster ecological responsibility, compassion, and sustainable lifestyles. This paper explores key ecological insights embedded in ancient Indian traditions and examines their relevance to contemporary environmental challenges. It argues that integrating indigenous ethical values with modern environmental practices can contribute to a more balanced and sustainable relationship between humanity and nature. Revisiting these ancient perspectives may help reshape global environmental ethics and promote long-term ecological well-being.

Keywords: Indian Wisdom; Sustainability; Environmental Ethics; Ahimsa; Aparigraha; Ecological Consciousness.

Page No: 220-224

Indian Languages, Literature, and Textual Traditions: A Critical and Contemporary Perspective

Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02100031

Abstract: Indian languages, literature, and textual traditions represent one of the world’s richest and most continuous cultural and intellectual heritages. Rooted in linguistic diversity and sustained through oral and written transmission, Indian textual traditions encompass philosophical, religious, literary, scientific, and artistic expressions across centuries. This paper critically examines the evolution of Indian languages, major literary traditions, and the epistemological significance of textual transmission. Using qualitative textual analysis and comparative interpretation, the study highlights their interdisciplinary relevance and contemporary significance. The findings demonstrate that Indian textual traditions are dynamic, dialogical, and foundational to India’s cultural continuity and global intellectual contributions.

Keywords: Indian Languages, Indian Literature, Textual Traditions, Cultural Heritage, Knowledge Systems.

Page No: 225-228