Author: Neron N Thakor
DOI Link:https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042001
Abstract: Positive psychology, defined by its focus on well-being, strengths, and optimal functioning, has developed into a major framework for understanding and promoting mental health across the lifespan, yet evidence remains unevenly integrated for key developmental periods such as adolescence and later life. This review aimed to synthesise and compare positive psychology constructs and interventions in adolescence and ageing, identify similarities and age-specific differences, and clarify implications for a lifespan approach, with particular attention to gaps involving adolescents and older adults. A systematic search was planned across relevant databases using predefined search terms, eligibility criteria, and a specified publication time frame, followed by title/abstract screening, full-text review, and final study inclusion documented via a PRISMA flow process. Data extraction targeted study characteristics, focal constructs, intervention components, and outcomes; methodological quality was appraised, and findings were synthesised using narrative methods with meta-analytic techniques where feasible. Across adolescence, the literature centres on well-being and life satisfaction, character strengths and virtues, and resilience and coping, with applications spanning school-based programs, family and community initiatives, and technology-enabled interventions, and with developmental relevance to identity formation and academic and social functioning, including potential longer-term effects. In ageing, evidence emphasises wisdom and personal growth, meaning and purpose, social connection and generativity, and interventions including positive ageing programs, mindfulness and contemplative practices, and intergenerational approaches, while addressing age-related decline, cultural considerations, and pathways to successful ageing and quality of life. Comparative synthesis indicates shared foundational constructs but underscores the need for agetailored intervention design and stronger research coverage across developmental transitions. Overall, integrating positive psychology from adolescence through old age supports targeted clinical, educational, and policy strategies to promote well-being across the lifespan.
Keywords: Positive Psychology, Well-Being, Adolescence, Ageing, Interventions, Lifespan, Developmental Considerations.
Page No: 1-12
Author: Dr. Hrushikesh B & Smt. Harshitha M C
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042002
Abstract: Sustainable development is the practice of meeting current needs socially, economically, and environmentally without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. It balances growth with environmental protection. Key examples include using renewable energy, implementing sustainable agriculture, and improving resource efficiency. Artificial Intelligence (AI) accelerates sustainable development by optimizing resource efficiency, enhancing environmental monitoring, and sustaining social goals like health and education, contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Key applications include AI-powered climate modeling, smart agriculture, optimized renewable energy grids, waste management, and biodiversity protection, boosting efficiency while reducing waste.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Artificial Intelligence, Environmental Protection.
Page No: 13-18
Author: Shamna Sherin.O, Sahla Fathima MT & Sreekavya M
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042003
Abstract: Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is a widely used contemporary term defined as a pervasive apprehension that others may be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent .FoMO has become increasingly prevalent among youth populations, and research indicates that higher levels are associated with adverse psychological outcomes. Social Comparison Orientation (SCO), conceptualised within Social Comparison Theory refers to an individual’s tendency to evaluate abilities, opinions, and life situations by comparing with others. Although social comparison is natural, excessive engagement may negatively affect psychological well-being. The present study investigates the relationship between FoMO and SCO among college students.
Using a correlational research design, data were collected from a sample of 120 college students aged 18 to 23 years. The participants were recruited from the Thaloor region of the Nilgiris district. Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) was assessed using the Fear of Missing Out Scale, while Social Comparison Orientation (SCO) was measured using the Iowa–Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM).
The findings indicate that students with higher Social Comparison Orientation (SCO) reported higher Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). Gender analysis showed females scored slightly higher on both variables. The positive association suggests potential implications for college students’ psychological well-being.
Keywords: Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), Social Comparison Orientation (SCO), Psychological Well-Being, College Students.
Page No: 19-24
Author: Varsha Deshpande, Pooja M & Chinmai S Umachigi
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042004
Abstract: A child’s future hangs in the delicate balance of their parents’ choices, each decision shaping the very fabric of their lives. A parent thereby acts as a visionary to their children, and variations in parental neglect may occur due to factors such as birth order. This research paper focuses on examining the difference in parental neglect between first-born and later-born children. For the purpose, responses were collected from 66 adolescents which includes 33 boys and 33 girls. Data were collected using the ThreeDimensional Parental Behaviour Inventory developed by Hardeo Ojha. The study employs a comparative research design. The results indicated no significant differences in parental neglect between first-born and later-born children. The findings of this study provide insight into parental neglect in relation to birth order and its possible implications. This research may assist parents and caregivers in reflecting on parenting practices that support the healthy physical, emotional, and psychological development of children.
Keywords: Parental Neglect, First-Born And Later-Born.
Page No: 25-31
Author: Nathanael Solomon, Johnson W S & Mohsina Sultana
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042005
Abstract: A surge in smart phone adoption by younger individuals prompts worries about their mental health implications. This research endeavors to evaluate how smartphone usage affects mental health among contemporary adolescents. The study employed a quantifiable approach involving a snapshot analysis of data across all subjects in its population; specifically, it utilized convenience sampling by selecting 100 individuals for investigation. Observations were gathered through application-specific questionnaires designed by Mukherjee and Dasgupta in 2020 for examining habits related to mobile device usage, alongside self-report measures created by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995 aimed at quantifying symptoms such as depressive mood, anxious thoughts, and psychological distress. Statistical methods such as descriptive and inferential analysis were employed to investigate how smartphone usage patterns correlate with levels of psychological stress. Research suggests that greater usage of smartphones correlates with heightened instances of depressive symptoms, anxious feelings, and stressful conditions in contemporary youth populations. This research emphasizes how prolonged exposure to smartphones affects mental health and stresses the need for encouraging users to adopt healthier tech habits. New findings enhance our understanding of online actions and psychological well-being; they could guide upcoming studies into mental healthcare strategies and campaigns aimed at younger generations navigating today’s tech-driven world.
Keywords: Smartphone use, Psychological Distress, Depression, Anxiety, Stress..
Page No: 32-39
Author: Sthuthi. N. Murthy & Bhumica. G
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042006
Abstract: Climate change has become a critical global issue influencing not only environmental policies but also consumer market behaviour. This study examines the impact of climate anxiety and environmental awareness on consumer purchasing decisions. The research is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from respondents belonging to diverse age groups, occupations, and income levels. Here findings indicate that consumers are highly aware of climate change and recognize its potential impact on their future lifestyle. This awareness has encouraged a preference for eco-friendly and sustainable products. Many respondents consider sustainability before making purchases and have shifted toward environmentally responsible brands. Climate-related information and news create varying levels of concern, which influence daily buying decisions and spending patterns. However, despite positive attitudes toward green products, price sensitivity and income constraints significantly affect the willingness to pay a premium for eco-friendly alternatives. This study concludes that climate anxiety plays a meaningful role in shaping consumer behaviour, promoting responsible consumption patterns. At the same time, economic factors moderate sustainable purchasing decisions. The research highlights the growing intersection between environmental psychology and commerce in contemporary markets.
Keywords: Climate Anxiety, Consumer Behaviour, Sustainable Consumption, Environmental Awareness, Green Marketing, Purchasing Decisions, Economic Factors.
Page No: 40-45
Author: Dr. Anil Kumar. S, Mr. Chandrashekar C. & Dr. Pradeep Kumara
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042007
Abstract: Commercial intimacy operates within broader systems of inequality shaped by economic deprivation, gender hierarchies, and migration dynamics. Engagement in sex work is frequently influenced by limited livelihood opportunities and structural marginalization, which shape both entry into the sector and the conditions under which individuals work (Kerrigan et al., 2013; World Health Organization [WHO], 2012). These intersecting inequalities highlight how economic and social structures constrain agency while reinforcing vulnerability.
Situated largely within informal and often criminalized economies, sex work is marked by persistent stigma, discrimination, and legal ambiguity. Such conditions restrict access to essential services, including healthcare, legal protection, and social welfare, while also increasing exposure to violence and exploitation (Scorgie et al., 2013). These patterns reflect broader systemic exclusions that reproduce inequality and limit opportunities for social mobility.
From a social justice perspective, addressing commercial intimacy requires a shift from punitive and moralistic frameworks toward rights-based approaches that recognize sex workers as individuals entitled to dignity, safety, and equal access to services. Evidence indicates that interventions emphasizing community participation and human rights are more effective in improving health outcomes and reducing vulnerabilities (WHO, 2012; Overs & Hawkins, 2011). Understanding commercial intimacy through the lens of inequality and justice is therefore essential for developing inclusive and sustainable policy responses.
Keywords: Commercial Intimacy, Structural Inequality, Social Justice, Gender Inequality, Informal Economy, Marginalization, Human Rights, Public Health, Stigma And Migration Dynamics, Public Health, Dignity, Social Policy.
Page No: 46-50
Author: Chaithra V & Dr. Mahadevaswamy P
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042008
Abstract: This conceptual study aims to explore the level of psychological resilience among students, to examine the relationship between psychological resilience and sustainable development attitudes and to identify innovative educational practices that can strengthen psychological resilience. The conceptual study reviewed meta-analyses, cross-sectional surveys and intervention-based research on university and college students, examining psychological resilience, mindfulness, socio-emotional learning, academic and emotional functioning and sustainability attitudes. Both quantitative and qualitative findings from empirical studies and systematic reviews were analyzed to identify predictors and effective educational practices for fostering resilience. Studies reviewed from peer-reviewed academic journals. Reviews showed that students generally exhibit moderate to high psychological resilience. Positive correlations observed between resilience, academic performance, well-being, and sustainability-oriented attitudes. Effective resiliencebuilding strategies include mindfulness programs, socio-emotional learning, positive education, and supportive learning environments. Integrating resilience-building practices with sustainability education fosters adaptive, responsible, and future-oriented students capable of contributing to long term sustainable development.
Keywords: Psychological Resilience, Students, Sustainable Development, Educational Interventions.
Page No: 51-57
Author: Manjunath K S, Mohammed Haneef & Angel Deepa M
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042009
Abstract: Efficient transportation plays a vital role in urban development and daily commuting. However, passengers who depend on local bus services often face difficulties due to the uncertainty of bus arrival times and the inability to track the current location of buses. To address this issue, this project proposes the design of a GPS-based real-time local bus tracking system. The main objective of the system is to enhance transparency, reliability, and efficiency in local bus transportation.The proposed system integrates a GPS tracker with a GPS device installed on each bus to monitor real-time geographic coordinates, specifically latitude and longitude. These coordinates are transmitted to a central server through mobile or wireless communication networks. The server processes the received data to determine the exact location of each bus and estimate its expected arrival time (ETA). The processed information is then displayed through a userfriendly interface that allows passengers to view the real-time position of buses on a digital map.The implementation of this system aims to reduce passenger waiting time, improve the reliability of bus services, and support better travel decision-making. By utilising advanced GPS and communication technologies, the proposed solution offers a cost-effective and efficient approach to public transport management. Ultimately, the system contributes to improved passenger satisfaction and supports the development of a more effective urban transportation infrastructure.
Keywords: Gps Technology, Server-Side Processing, Global Positioning System, Estimated Time Of Arrival, Urban Transportation, Passenger Information System.
Page No: 58-66
Author: Bhakti Prasanna Kulkarni & Dr. Lancy D’Souza
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042010
Abstract: The study examined the relationship between social media usage patterns on body image perception and self-esteem among young adults, with particular emphasis on social comparison and digital image editing engagement. Using a quantitative cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 132 participants aged between 18 and 25 years through standardized psychological measures assessing social comparison, body shape concerns, image editing behaviors, and self-esteem, along with a demographic questionnaire. Descriptive analyses indicated that most participants reported spending three to four hours daily on social media, with Instagram being the most frequently used platform. Inferential analyses, including chi-square test and analysis of variance, revealed significant associations between social media use and psychosocial outcomes. Greater exposure with digitally edited images were significantly associated with higher levels of social comparison and increased body shape concerns. Differences in selfesteem were observed across levels of editing engagement. Gender differences were observed, with male participants reporting higher body shape concerns and lower self-esteem compared to females. Platformspecific analyses indicated that Snapchat and Facebook users demonstrated significantly greater body shape concerns and lower self-esteem than Instagram and YouTube users. Overall, the findings suggests that digitally edited imageengagement may play a meaningful role in shaping young adults’ self-perception and psychological well-being. These findings underscore the relevance of media literacy and responsible digital engagement initiatives.
Keywords: Digitally Edited Images, Social Media Use, Body Image Perception, Self-Esteem, Social Comparison, Young Adults.
Page No: 67-75
Author: Dr. Shruthi D & Mr. Shivaji Ladappa
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042011
Abstract: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an important tool for promotingsustainable development. Companies are increasingly aligning their CSR activities withSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address social, economic, and environmentalchallenges. The present study analyzes the CSR expenditure of VRL companytowards various Sustainable Development Goals using secondary data. The data wascollected from the published CSR reports of the company from 2020-21 to 2024-25. Momentum analysis was used to examine the pattern of CSR spending across different SDGs. The study identifies priorityareas of CSR investment and highlights the company’s contribution to sustainable development. The findings of the study provide useful insights for policymakers,corporates, and researchers.
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development Goals, CSRExpenditure, Sustainable Development, VRL.
Page No: 76-83
Author: Gowrika K, Dr. Patteswari D & Dr. Sangeetha S R
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042012
Abstract: Chatbots for mental health that use artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly expanding in India as scalable alternatives to address the significant treatment gap in the country. Growing quickly in India as scalable alternatives to overcome the significant treatment deficit in the nation. Concerns about clinical safety, ethical standards, accountability, and data privacy have been raised, yet, considering their deployment has taken place without a specific legislative framework.
Aim: In light of emerging global best practices, this study critically analyses the legislative deficiencies governing AI-based mental health interventions in India and proposes a contextually relevant policy framework.
Methods: A scoping review methodology was employed. A systematic analysis and thematic synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, ethical analyses, policy papers, and regulatory frameworks published between 2017 and 2025 were conducted, with a focus on their relevance to the Indian mental healthcare system.
Results: The assessment found substantial regulatory gaps in current Indian legislation, including the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023) and the Mental Healthcare Act (2017). Unregulated AI mental health chatbots may generate clinically unsafe responses; perpetuate cultural bias, compromise privacy, and obscure accountability. Comparative analysis indicates that mental health AI systems are increasingly classified as high-risk technologies requiring multi-layered oversight in several Western jurisdictions.
Conclusion: A dedicated, risk-based regulatory framework for AI mental health systems is of urgent importance in India. Ensuring that AI technologies expand access to mental healthcare without compromising patient safety or dignity requires an adaptive governance framework integrating clinical validation, ethics-of-care principles, and human oversight.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Mental Health Policy; Chatbots; Psychotherapy; Regulation; India.
Page No: 84-95
Author: Ms. Varsha Deshpande & Bhumi Bakshi
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042013
Abstract: The present study assesses the level of happiness in first time mothers living in Bangalore either in a joint family or nuclear family. A total sample of 60 women (30 from a joint family and 30 from nuclear family) were taken. The data was collected by administering the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire developed by psychologists Michael Argyle and Peter Hills (2002). The results showed that women in nuclear families are happier than those in joint families. In urban Indian contexts like Bangalore, nuclear families often provide greater autonomy, privacy, and simplified decision-making, which many new mothers find supportive during the significant life transition of becoming a parent.
Keywords: First Time Mothers, Happiness, Nuclear Family, Joint Family.
Page No: 96-103
Author: Ms. Varsha Deshpande, Bhumi Bakshi & Ananya G Acharya
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042014
Abstract: The present study assesses emotional maturity of college going students to find gender differences. The sample for the present study includes students from different colleges in Bangalore. The study focuses on understanding gender differences in emotional development during the transition from school to college. A total sample of 120(60 boys & 60 female) were taken. The data was collected by administering the Emotional Maturity Scale developed by Prof. Yeshver Singh & Prof. Mahesh Bhargave. The comparison between boys and girls is an important aspect of this study, as previous research suggests that emotional development may vary across genders due to biological, social, and cultural influences.
Keywords: Emotional Maturity, Undergraduate Students, Gender.
Page No: 104-112
Author: Neeradhi Raj & Reagon KT
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042015
Abstract: Sustainable development has emerged as a critical global priority, compelling businesses to adopt innovative approaches that balance economic growth with environmental and social responsibility. In this context, green startups play a significant role by leveraging innovation-driven business models to address sustainability challenges. This study examines the role of green startups in advancing sustainable development, with a specific focus on innovation, perceived impact, and challenges faced by sustainabilityoriented entrepreneurs.
The study adopts a descriptive research design using both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to students and aspiring entrepreneurs to assess their awareness, perceptions, and attitudes towards green startups and sustainability-driven innovation. Secondary data was sourced from academic journals, government reports, and credible online publications to support the analysis. The collected primary data was analysed using simple statistical tools such as percentage analysis and graphical representation.
The findings of the study indicate a high level of awareness regarding green startups and their contribution to environmental sustainability. Respondents strongly perceived innovation and technology as key enablers for the success of green startups, while challenges such as limited funding, lack of incubation support, and scalability constraints were identified as major barriers. Based on the findings, the study proposes a conceptual framework highlighting the critical factors influencing the impact potential of green startups.
The study concludes that green startups, supported by innovation-focused ecosystems and policy initiatives, can act as effective catalysts for sustainable development. The findings offer valuable insights for aspiring entrepreneurs, policymakers, and academic researchers interested in sustainability-driven entrepreneurship.
Keywords: Green Startups, Sustainable Development, Eco-Innovation, Sustainability-Oriented Entrepreneurship, Innovation Ecosystem, Green Entrepreneurship.
Page No: 113-123
Author: Fathima Nyra, Nida Nowri, Sreekavya M
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042016
Abstract: The present study examined the relationship between perseverance of effort and goal achievement among college students, with gender considered as a potential moderating variable. A correlational research design was employed with a sample of 130 undergraduate and postgraduate students aged 18–23 years in the Thaloor region. Perseverance of effort was measured using the four-item Perseverance subscale of the Grit Scale, and goal achievement was assessed through a self-report measure of perceived goal progress developed for the study
The findings revealed a significant positive association between perseverance of effort and goal achievement, indicating that sustained effort is meaningfully related to perceived goal progress. Although a gender difference was observed in levels of perseverance of effort, gender did not significantly moderate the relationship between perseverance of effort and goal achievement. These findings highlight the importance of sustained effort in supporting adaptive goal-directed behavior among college students.
Keywords: Perseverance of Effort, Goal Achievement, Gender, College Students, Positive Psychology.
Page No: 124-130
Author: Meenuga Pavithra, Johnson W S, Mohsina Sultana
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042017
Abstract: The present study explored the relationship between psychological well-being and gratitude among school students. A sample of 120 students aged 10 – 15 years was selected from three urban secondary schools using purposive sampling. Psychological well-being was assessed using the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB), and gratitude was measured with the Gratitude Questionnaire -6 (GQ-6). Data were collected through structured, self-administered questionnaires during regular school hours with the consent of school authorities and parents. Descriptive statistics revealed that most participants demonstrated moderate to high levels of psychological well-being and gratitude. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between gratitude and overall psychological well-being (r = .48, p < .01). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that gratitude predicted key dimensions of well-being, including positive relationships with others, autonomy, and purpose in life. These findings suggest that gratitude is an important correlate and predictor of psychological well-being in adolescents. The study highlights the potential value of incorporating gratitude-enhancing interventions into school programs to promote emotional health and adaptive functioning. Limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Keywords: Psychological Well-Being, Gratitude And Positive Psychology.
Page No: 131-138
Author: Delna, Mohsina Sultana & Johnson W S
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042019
Abstract: This research investigates the influence of happiness on quality of life among young adults aged 18-24. Happiness, often characterized by positive emotions and life satisfaction, is hypothesized to enhance overall well-being and functioning. Happiness and quality of life are central indicators of psychological well-being among young adults. The transition into adulthood is often accompanied by academic pressure, career uncertainty, and social challenges that significantly influence overall life satisfaction. The present study examines the influence of happiness on quality of life among young adults. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and data were collected from 132 young adults. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002) was used to measure happiness, and Quality of Life scores were analyzed using independent samples t-test and descriptive statistics through SPSS.
The results indicated that there was no significant relationship between happiness and quality of life (r = .022, p = .801). This suggests that the level of happiness reported by participants was not significantly associated with their perceived quality of life. The findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing quality of life and suggest that happiness alone may not be a determining factor. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to better understand the relationship between these variables.
Keywords: Happiness, Quality of Life, Young Adults
Page No: 139-146
Author: Mr. Siddharam S Channinaikar, Mr. Chandrashekar C, Dr. Pradeep Kumara
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042019
Abstract: Crime scene investigation is the most crucial aspect of solving crimes especially with increasing crime rates. It involves proper collection and examination of evidences without contaminating them. Crime scene investigation (CSI) activities generate substance waste through the high use of single-use consumables they are plastic products such as gloves, swabs, evidence bags, Personal protection equipment’s and packaging materials, thereby contributing to environmental damage and degradation. This study systematically reviews waste reduction strategies applicable to crime scene investigation practices, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed articles and institutional reports. The review identifies key approaches, including the adoption to use reusable and biodegradable materials, optimized inventory management systems, and structured recycling methods with protocols. It also examines prevailing challenges, notably concerns regarding contamination control of evidences, regulatory compliance, and operational feasibility. Evidence from comparative case analyses demonstrates that the integration of sustainable waste management practices can reduce environmental impacts by up to 40% without compromising evidence integrity. This study highlights the imperative for interdisciplinary collaboration between forensic science and environmental sustainability domains to improve the development of greener operational frameworks within law enforcement.
Further, the review covers the necessity of establishing standardized sustainability frameworks and targeted capacity-building programs to embed environmental responsibility in forensic practice. The incorporation of life-cycle assessment tools within forensic workflows can enable systematic evaluation of material and process efficiencies, promoting data followed decisionmaking for sustainable operations. Active engagement among key stakeholders including forensic personals, environmental scientists, and policymakers is essential to ensure the scalability and permanence of such initiatives. By aligning evidentiary rigor with ecological responsibility, crime scene investigation units can effectively serve as examples of sustainable innovation within the broader landscape of criminal justice administration.
Keywords: Waste Reduction, Crime Scene Investigation, Consumables, Packaging, Sustainability, Forensic Science.
Page No: 147-157
Author: Rimal Johnson, Mohsina Sultana, Johnson W S
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042020
Abstract: Gratitude, as a positive emotional disposition, plays a significant role in enhancing individuals’ overall well-being and subjective experiences of life satisfaction. The present study aims to examine the relationship between gratitude and happiness among individuals. The sample comprised 150 early adults. The study administered various questionnaires, including Demographic Data Sheet, Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) and Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-06) to validate respondents’ perceptions and experiences. Using the survey method, obtained results were interpreted and analyzed by using the descriptive statistics, correlation, t-test.
Gratitude was positively correlated with personal happiness according to the results of our study. People who were more grateful experienced higher degrees of personal happiness than their less grateful peers. Subsequent analyses conducted by the authors determined that selected demographic characteristics did not lead to different levels of either gratitude or happiness. Hence, the data indicates that gratitude is a valuable emotional resource for enhancing one’s individual experience of happiness, and it functions essentially free from the influence of demographic cues. Our results emphasize the importance of gratitude as a promoter of psychological well-being, and suggest that gratitude is an essential area of inquiry in research related to positive psychology.
Keywords: Gratitude, Subjective Happiness, Well-Being, Positive Psychology.
Page No: 158-165
Author: Gurulingu P
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042021
Abstract: Environmental, Social and Governance, commonly known as ESG is being increasingly discussed across the Indian financial markets as a paradigm shift in the last few years under the underlying assumption that retail investors now have an awakening towards sustainability and corporate responsibility. This research-based paper attempts to summarise empirical findings from thirty peer-reviewed academic papers and thus attempts in its deliberation, the extent to which this consciousness of ESG principles translate into investment decisions within that domain of sustainable mutual funds among Indian retail investors. The introduction frames the research as one between a higher level of ESG constructs, and empirical realities that investors are dealing with on the ground, which would establish the research question at the center of the inquiry.
The analytical segment draws a nuanced picture of what is behind ESG-laden investment behavior. While the data confirm a steady rise in awareness around ESG, especially in more educated, younger and higher income cohorts, the impact of this awareness on the actual choice of portfolio is tempered by an interplay of psychological, social and financial factors. The treatise mentioned that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, religious values, and risk perception have significant influence on the intentions of investors. Crucially, governance attributes are given a higher weight in investor attention, as compared to environmental or social factors (a finding consistent with a larger body of literature on institutional prioritisation). Nevertheless, the overriding priority for most of the participants is still the expectation of financial returns; numerous investors have indicated that they are willing to incorporate ESG considerations only when the prospective gains are not obviously undermined.
Concluding on a reflective note, the article provides a rich overview of the theoretical frameworks which are prevalent as of today, i.e. from the Theory of Planned Behaviour over Sustainable Finance Theory, together with a critical appraisal of the methodological choices made throughout the reviewed studies. The synthesis highlights the practical implications for a host of stakeholders – policy makers are being called upon to design incentives that balance return maximisation and sustainability, fund managers are urged to develop products that transparently balance ESG criteria and financial performance while scholars are urged to carry out further empirical work with a stronger focus on longer time horizons to disentangle the dynamic evolution of investor sentiments in the context of India’s rapidly changing retail investment landscape. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has become a revolutionary paradigm in the Indian financial markets, due to a heightened consciousness among retail investors regarding sustainability and corporate responsibility. This research article draws upon the empirical evidence of 30 scholarly studies to analyse the effect of ESG awareness on the sustainable mutual fund investment behaviour of the Indian retail investors. The results of the analysis show that while ESG awareness has been increasing, especially among educated, younger, and higher-income segments, this is translated into actual investment behavior through multiple psychological, social, and financial factors. Key findings show that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, religious values, and risk perception have a significant influence on investment intentions, where governance factors were given more priority than environmental or social criteria. However, there is still a predominant financial return expectations to which many investors are willing to embrace ESG investments provided there is no compromising of return. This article offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical frameworks, methodologies, empirical results and practical implications for policy makers, fund managers and researchers interested in promoting sustainable finance in India’s retail investment context.
Keywords: Esg Investing, Sustainable Finance, Mutual Funds, Investor Behaviour, Financialliteracy, Responsible Investment.
Page No: 166-179
Author: Sinchana R Johnson W S & Mohsina Sultana
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042022
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between mindful attention awareness and personal growth initiative (PGI) among 102 participants. It also considered how demographic factors like gender and living area might influence the results. The participants included 61.8% males and 38.2% females from urban (55.9%), rural (38.2%), and semi-urban (5.9%) settings. They completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II (PGIS-II). These measures assessed factors such as Readiness to Change, Intentional Behavior, Using Resources, Planfulness, and Total PGI.
Pearson correlations showed strong positive links between mindful awareness and all PGI factors. The strongest association was with Total PGI (r = .666, p < .001), followed by Readiness to Change (r = .633, p < .001), and Intentional Behavior (r = .620, p < .001). Independent samples t-tests found a significant gender difference in Readiness to Change. Males scored higher (M = 14.29) than females (M = 12.41; t = 2.064, p = .042), but no differences were observed in other areas (all p > .05). One-way ANOVA indicated no significant effects of living area on any measures (all p > .05).
The findings suggest that mindful awareness was strongly associated with personal growth initiative, with males showing a greater readiness to change. Living area does not seem to play a significant role here. These results highlight the importance of mindfulness in encouraging proactive personal development. They also suggest the need for gender-specific interventions.
Keywords: Mindful Attention Awareness, Personal Growth Initiative.
Page No: 180-186
Author: Anushree M, Kaushik M, Prashanth M P, Mohsina Sultana & Johnson W S
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042023
Abstract: The present study examined the relationship between psychological well-being and life satisfaction among defense personnel. The sample consisted of male personnel in active service, primarily within the age range of 35–39 years, with service experience ranging approximately from 16 to 22 years. Participants were serving in the rank of Havildar and were either residing with their families or posted away from them. Data were collected through structured online forms using standardized measures: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and a 42-item Psychological Well-Being Scale.
Preliminary response patterns indicate a predominance of “strongly agree” and “somewhat agree” responses across most items measuring psychological well-being and life satisfaction, suggesting generally high levels of perceived well-being and satisfaction among participants. However, comparatively varied responses were observed among personnel residing without their families, including occasional neutral and disagree responses on selected well-being indicators. This variation highlights the possible influence of living arrangements and service-related separation on subjective well-being.
Overall, the findings suggest a positive association between psychological well-being and life satisfaction among defense personnel. Higher levels of psychological well-being appear to correspond with greater life satisfaction. The study underscores the importance of psychological resilience, emotional stability, and supportive environments in maintaining life satisfaction within military contexts. These findings may have implications for mental health interventions and welfare policies aimed at enhancing well-being among defense personnel.
Keywords: Life Satisfaction, Psychological Well-Being, Defense Personnel.
Page No: 187-195
Author: Sinchana, Kavyashree B, Pavithra K & Angel Deepa M.
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042024
Abstract: Accurate billing and efficient energy management depend on electricity metering. Both digital and conventional meters mainly rely on manual procedures, which can lead to inaccurate billing, delayed data collection, human error, and a lack of consumer awareness regarding electricity usage. Both end users and meter readers are impacted by these problems. This project introduces an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart electricity meter that incorporates machine learning techniques to address these shortcomings. The system continuously measures voltage, current, and power consumption using embedded sensors and transmits real-time data via wireless communication to a cloud platform.Machine learning models identify anomalous energy behavior, forecast future consumption, examine usage trends, and offer astute suggestions for effective power use. All things considered, the suggested solution boosts energy efficiency, facilitates deployment, increases billing accuracy, and improves transparency. This project demonstrates how IoT and ML technologies can transform conventional electricity metering into an intelligent,automated, and usercentric energy management solution.This strategy encourages consumer to use energy responsibly and lowers operating costs for utilities.All things considered,the solution supports sustainable and effective electricity management and is in line with smart grid goals. In order to guarantee data integrity, secure communication protocols are used Furthermore,the suggested system eliminates the need of physical meter inspections by enabling automated data logging and remote meter reading.
Keywords: Energy Management, IoT, Embedded Sensors, and Machine Learning Models.
Page No: 196-200
Author: Keerthana DS, Johnson W S & Mohsina Sultana
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042025
Abstract: This study examines the influence of peer pressure on decision-making among young adults aged 18–25 years. Peer groups play a significant role in shaping behaviours and choices during young adulthood, a developmental stage characterized by identity formation and social belonging. Increasingly, young individuals may experience pressure to conform to peer expectations, which can affect their judgment and lead to maladaptive decisions.A cross-sectional research design was employed to investigate the relationship between peer pressure and decision-making styles. Data were collected from young adults using the Peer Pressure Questionnaire and the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire. Product moment correlation, independent samples t – tests and one-way ANOVA were used to assess the level of peer influence and patterns of decision-making among participants. The results revealed a significant negative correlation between peer pressure and vigilance (r = –.236, p < .05), indicating that higher peer pressure was associated with lower vigilant decision-making. However, peer pressure was not significantly related to buck-passing, procrastination, hypervigilance, or overall decision-making ability. Independent samples t-test showed no significant gender differences in peer pressure or any decision-making dimensions (p > .05). One-way ANOVA results indicated no significant differences based on domicile (rural, urban, semi-urban) in peer pressure or decision-making styles (p > .05). Overall, peer pressure demonstrated a limited but specific influence on decision-making, primarily affecting vigilance, while gender and domicile showed no significant impact.
Keywords: Peer Pressure, Decision Making, Young Adults.
Page No: 201-208
Author: Kamalesh K S & Dr. Mahadevaswamy P
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042026
Abstract: In the digital world, social media often influence the individual’s behaviour across life span. These behaviours could be either positive or negative. The present conceptual paper examines how social media usage influences prosocial behaviour among adolescents. The current research paper reviewed studies related to media and prosocial behaviour. Studies published in various databases like pubmed, APA psycinfo, science direct open access were reviewed and extracted. Social media plays an important part in influencing prosocial behaviour and adolescents’ attitudes, and actions towards others. Various research studies have steadily shown that exposure to prosocial media content can increase helping behaviour, empathy, and altruism. Studies have also shown that those who played prosocial video games exhibited more helping behaviour than those who played neutral games. There has been evidences of a meta-analysis studies revealing a positive correlation between prosocial media exposure and prosocial behaviours.Overall, evidence suggests that social media can both support and hinder prosocial functioning depending on content, usage patterns, individual characteristics, cultural aspects and social environments. Exposure to prosocial content on the social media has positive impact on individual’s behaviour and promotes prosocial behaviour.
Keywords: Social Media, Prosocial Behaviour, Adolescents, Life Span, Video Games.
Page No: 209-215
Author: Bhoomika H, Johnson W S & Mohsina Sultana
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042027
Abstract: Self-compassion involves being kind and understanding toward oneself during difficulties, fostering emotional resilience. Perceived social support refers to feeling cared for and supported by family, friends, and significant others.
The present study explores the role of self-compassion in perceived social support among young adults, focusing on its influence on interpersonal perception and psychological adjustment. The sample size collected was 132. The questionnaires used in this study are Demographic Data Sheet, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Self-Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF) . The MSPSS was developed in 1988 by Gregory D. Zimet, Nancy W. Dahlem, Sara G. Zimet, and Gordon K. Farley. It is a 12-item self-report instrument designed to measure perceived social support from three specific sources: family, friends, and significant others and SCS-SF scale was developed by Filip Raes, Elizabeth Pommier, Kristin D. Neff, and Dinska Van Gucht in 2011. It is a 12-item validated, shortened version of the original 26-item Self-Compassion Scale created by Dr. Kristin Neff. The scale measures self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. The data collected was analysed using the descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, t-test and Anova. The present study found a significant positive correlation between total selfcompassion and perceived social support, no significant gender differences in either variable and no significant domicile differences except for the common humanity subscale.
Keywords: Self -Compassion, Perceived Social Support, Social Functioning And Young Adults.
Page No: 216-223
Author: Johnson W S & Dr. Mahadevaswamy P
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042028
Abstract: The rapid expansion of smartphone technology has significantly influenced the lifestyle and behavioural patterns of young adults (Twenge, 2019). While smartphones provide numerous benefits in communication, education and entertainment, excessive usage has raised concerns regarding behavioural addiction and its impact on health, particularly sleep quality (Kwon et al., 2013). The present study examines the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality among young adults in Mysore. A quantitative cross-sectional design was adopted with a sample of 120 college students selected through convenience sampling. Statistical techniques including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent samples t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between smartphone addiction and several sleep-related variables, indicating that higher smartphone addiction is associated with poorer sleep quality (Demirciet al., 2015; Lemolaet al., 2015). However, no significant differences were observed based on gender or domicile. The study highlights the growing impact of smartphone overuse on sleep health among young adults and emphasizes the need for awareness programs on digital well-being and healthy sleep practices.
Keywords: Smartphone Addiction, Sleep Quality, Young Adults, Digital Behaviour, Mysore.
Page No: 224-232
Author: Tanisha Maria D’souza, Keerthana C, H R Pragna, Eve Anchal Va
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042029
Abstract: The rapid evolution of forensic science necessitates a paradigm shift in both educational frameworks and professional practice to address emerging ethical, technological, and environmental challenges. This research synthesizes current evidence on Evidence-Based Education Systems (EBES) and multi-pedagogical active learning, including inquiry, case-based, and project-based models, as essential tools to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application. While these pedagogical reforms enhance critical thinking and professional competence, the integration of emerging technologies such as AI-driven surveillance, automated biometrics, and digital forensics introduces significant ethical dilemmas. These include algorithmic bias, the “black-box” nature of machine-led decision-making, and threats to data privacy and due process.
Furthermore, the study highlights a critical “regulatory vacuum” regarding the environmental impact of forensic practices. It identifies how the reliance on singleuse plastics, toxic reagents, and energy-intensive laboratory equipment contributes to ecological degradation. By advocating for “Green Forensics” and sustainable laboratory protocols, the paper argues that the pursuit of justice must not compromise ecological integrity. Drawing on developments in India and global forensic trends, the study identifies deficiencies in formal reasoning and research design among practitioners.
To resolve these issues, the research proposes a holistic, interdisciplinary framework that integrates forensic epistemology with ethical literacy. By fostering a research-driven approach and establishing global standards for sustainable practice, the forensic community can strengthen the scientific rigor and reliability of evidence. Ultimately, this integrated approach, combining innovative pedagogy with a commitment to ethical and environmental stewardship, is vital for maintaining public trust and ensuring that forensic science adapts responsibly to the complexities of the modern legal landscape.
Keywords: Evidence-Based Education Systems,Green Forensic Practices, Interdisciplinary Forensic Framework.
Page No: 233-240
Author: Shruthi B S & Chaitra S
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042030
Abstract: In recent years, sustainable entrepreneurship has emerged as a key driver for employment generation and employment growth. Sustainable Entrepreneurship creates jobs both directly and indirectly and affects employment growth overall. In addition to employment growth, job creation plays a vital role in many moving parts of the economy, affecting and shaping the world we live in today. Sustainable entrepreneurship has gained importance in contributing to economic growth, employment generation, and environmental sustainability. Sustainable businesses integrate environmental, social, and economic considerations into their core strategies and day-to-day operations, aiming for a positive impact on society while remaining profitable.
Keywords: Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Employment Generation
Page No: 241-246
Author: Snehashree Hegde, Mohsina Sultana & Johnson W S
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042031
Abstract: This research examines the relationship between perceived stress and self-esteem among preuniversity students, with a focus on adolescents undergoing academic and psychosocial transitions. Selfesteem, defined as an individual’s overall evaluation of self-worth (Rosenberg, 1965), plays a crucial role in emotional adjustment and academic functioning, while perceived stress reflects the extent to which individuals appraise life situations as overwhelming or uncontrollable (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Increasing academic demands, competition, and future uncertainties make these psychological variables particularly relevant among students.A cross-sectional study was conducted with 121 pre-university students from different residential backgrounds. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA using SPSS.The findings revealed moderate levels of perceived stress and self-esteem among participants. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between perceived stress and self-esteem. Gender differences indicated higher self-esteem among male students, whereas perceived stress did not vary significantly by gender. Residential comparisons showed significant differences in stress levels, with rural students reporting comparatively lower stress. Overall, the findings highlight the interconnected nature of stress and self-evaluation during adolescence and emphasize the importance of supportive educational environments that promote psychological well-being.
Keywords: Perceived Stress, Self-Esteem, Adolescence, Pre-University Students, Psychological Well-Being.
Page No: 247-254
Author: Thanmayi SB, Mohsina Sultana, Johnson W S
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042032
Abstract: Altruism is defined as a selfless, voluntary, and often costly action aimed at enhancing the welfare of others without expectation of reward. According to Auguste Comte “Altruism is living for others” (Comte, 1851–1854). Attachment styles are psychological patterns of behaviour, emotions, and trust developed in early childhood based on interactions with primary caregivers, which influence how individuals relate to others in adulthood. Based on the findings of the ‘Strange Situation experiment’ by Mary Ainsworth, there exists three types of attachment styles, namely, Secure attachment, Anxious-ambivalent attachment (resistant attachment) and Avoidant attachment. Later disorganised attachment style was added (Mary Ainsworth: Attachment Theory and the Strange Situation – Attachment Project, 2025). The study comprised of 62 male and 58 female, totalling 120 samples. Once the data were collected, they were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation, independent samples t- tests and one-way ANOVA using SPSS for (version 20.0.), the results consistently suggest that attachment style does not have a statistically significant relationship with altruism in the present study, and the null hypotheses were retained across all analyses. Despite the absence of statistically significant findings, the current research was able to make a significant contribution to the existing body of research by emphasizing the fact that attachment styles do not necessarily serve as direct predictors of altruistic behavior.
Keywords: Altruism, Attachment Styles, Anxious Attachment, Avoidant Attachment, Disorganised Attachment.
Page No: 255-264
Author: Dennick Joby, Anushree B Nair Aggie Dena George
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042033
Abstract: The growing emphasis on environmental sustainability has significantly influenced contemporary branding and consumer behaviour. This study examines the impact of green brand trust and emotional– psychological drivers on sustainable purchase intention and behaviour. A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. A total of 55 valid responses were collected from individuals below the age of 45, primarily students and young professionals. Data were measured using a five-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Agree, 5 = Strongly Disagree).
Descriptive results indicate moderate to strong agreement toward environmental concern (Mean = 2.27) and emotional drivers (Mean = 2.34), suggesting that respondents generally perceive themselves as environmentally responsible and emotionally connected to sustainable consumption. Green brand trust (Mean = 2.61) and purchase intention (Mean = 2.41) reflect positive attitudes toward eco-friendly brands, while sustainable purchase behaviour (Mean = 2.82) indicates moderate engagement in green purchasing. Green brand communication recorded a comparatively weaker perception (Mean = 2.92), highlighting scope for improved transparency.
Correlation analysis reveals that green brand communication is strongly associated with green brand trust (r = 0.65). Emotional drivers demonstrate the strongest influence on purchase intention (r = 0.77) and purchase behaviour (r = 0.75). Sustainable purchase intention also shows a strong relationship with actual behaviour (r = 0.76). The findings suggest that emotional engagement plays a more dominant role than communication alone in driving sustainable consumer behaviour.
Keywords: Green Brand Trust, Sustainable Purchase Behaviour, Emotional Drivers, Environmental Concern, Green Brand Communication, Sustainable Consumer Behaviour.
Page No: 265-277
Author: Mr. Libin. R, Dr. Anil Kumar. S. & Dr. Lancy D’Souza
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04042034
Abstract: The advancement of digital banking has significantly transformed financial services by providing speed, convenience, and accessibility. However, this digital transformation has also led to a rise in financial frauds, posing serious challenges to users. The present study aims to assess the level of awareness of financial frauds in the era of digital banking among employees. The study adopts a descriptive research design and collects primary data from employees working in various organizations through a structured questionnaire. The research evaluates employees’ awareness of common digital banking frauds such as phishing, online scams, identity theft, fake banking applications, and unauthorized transactions. It also examines their knowledge of preventive measures, cyber-security practices, and responses to fraud incidents. The findings reveal that while employees are generally aware of basic digital banking services, there are notable gaps in their understanding of sophisticated fraud techniques and security protocols. Factors such as educational background, digital literacy, frequency of digital banking usage, and participation in awareness programs significantly influence awareness levels. The study emphasizes the need for regular training sessions, awareness campaigns, and organizational initiatives to educate employees about emerging digital fraud risks. Enhancing awareness among employees is crucial for safeguarding personal and organizational financial assets. The study provides valuable insights for employers, financial institutions, and policymakers to strengthen fraud prevention and promote secure digital banking practices..
Keywords: Digital Banking, Financial Frauds, Digital Banking Frauds, Digital Fraud, Policymakers, Fraud Prevention, Secure Digital Banking.
Page No: 278-288