Author: Shrabanti Garain

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110001

Abstract: Elementary education is a foundation of education system. This foundation is built through providing proper education to children from initial stage. Also, golden cultures are necessary for making a good, responsible and self-reliant citizenship. Therefore, those golden cultures are nurtured and practiced among children at elementary level of education for developing the self -reliant citizenship. In this case, content analysis method is adopted for conducting this study. Moreover, different culture like culture of reading, culture of writing, culture of listening, culture of silence, culture of patience, culture of respect, culture of unfolding potential creativity, culture of humanity, culture of developing the positive attitude, culture of joyful learning, culture of life-long learning, culture of skills development and culture of balanced personality development are needed for developing the self -reliant citizenship.

Keywords: Golden Cultures, Self -reliant Citizenship and Elementary Level of Education.

Page No: 1-6

Author: Dr. Sristidhar Bera

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110002

Abstract: The present study wants to investigate the impact of state trait anxiety on academic achievement of IX grade secondary school students of Paschim medinipur district in west Bengal, India. In this study researcher attempted to examine the co-relation between state trait anxiety and academic achievement of the respondent. Total sample was 79 from two Government aided Bengali medium Secondary School affiliated from west Bengal board of secondary education. A standardized questionnaire developed by Charles D. Spielberger et. al. was used to collect requisite data from the respondent using purposive sampling procedure. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyze the data like Mean, SD, and Correlation. After analyzing data the result showed that no significance relation exists between state trait anxiety and academic achievement of IX grade secondary students. About fifty percent student has high state trait anxiety. Friendly relationship, congenial learning environment, employing efficient teaching strategies, seminar, awareness programme, and teacher’s positive attitude will reduce students state trait anxiety.

Keywords: State Trait Anxiety, Trait Anxiety, Academic Achievement, Co-Relation.

Page No: 7-14

Author: Prakash Kumar Sahoo

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110003

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated an unprecedented disruption in global education systems, necessitating a rapid shift from traditional classroom-based learning to online and remote education. This research article examines the transition to online education during the pandemic, exploring its implications on learners, educators, and educational institutions. The study highlights the opportunities, challenges, and limitations of this shift, with a focus on accessibility, engagement, and pedagogical effectiveness. Drawing on empirical studies, surveys, and institutional reports, the article analyzes how the pandemic has accelerated the adoption of digital learning technologies and reshaped educational paradigms. Key findings suggest that while online education has fostered flexibility and continuity, it has also exacerbated existing inequalities, posed technological challenges, and required significant adaptation by educators and learners alike. The article concludes by discussing strategies for optimizing online education post-pandemic and integrating digital learning into resilient, inclusive, and future-ready educational frameworks.

Keywords: COVID-19, Online Education, Digital Learning, Remote Learning, Educational Technology, Learning Outcomes, Accessibility.

Page No: 15-21

Author: Dr. Sathyadevan Sen

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110004

Abstract: Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a key factor in supporting adolescents’ mental well-being and academic success. This study examines the relationship between physical activity participation, psychological health, and academic achievement among adolescents aged 13–18. A descriptive research method was adopted, and data were collected from 250 students through a standardized questionnaire. The findings indicate that regular engagement in physical activity contributes to reduced stress and anxiety, improved concentration, memory retention, and overall academic performance. However, sedentary behavior, screen dependency, and academic workload emerged as barriers. The study emphasizes the need for schools and families to promote active lifestyles as a contributing factor to both mental and academic development.

Keywords: Physical activity, Mental health, Academic performance, Adolescents, Stress reduction, Cognitive development.

Page No: 22-27

Author: Ujjwal Mistry

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110005

Abstract: Sustainable Business Practices and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have become essential components of modern organizational strategies. As businesses increasingly face environmental challenges and societal expectations, the focus has shifted from traditional profit-maximization to responsible and ethical operations. Sustainable business practices emphasize the efficient use of resources, reduction of environmental impact, and long-term economic viability, while CSR involves voluntary contributions toward social welfare, employee well-being, and community development. This abstract highlights the significance of integrating sustainability and CSR into business policies to enhance corporate reputation, ensure regulatory compliance, and promote sustainable development. It concludes that adopting these approaches enables organizations to create value not only for shareholders but also for society and the environment, thereby achieving a balanced and inclusive growth model.

Keywords: Social Responsibility, Businesses, Community Development, Environment, Sustainability and CSR.

Page No: 28-34

Author: Ms. T. Agnees Mary & Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110006

Abstract: This studyinvestigatedthe mental health among Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) students and its variation across selected demographic variables in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu. A sampleof 295 B.Ed.students was selected from different teacher education institutions using a stratified sampling approach. Mental health was assessed using a standardized mental health scale covering key dimensions such as academic stress management, self-esteem and confidence, emotional balance, and social adjustment. Descriptive statistics and t-test /ANOVA were used to analyse differences in mental health across gender, locality, type of institution and educational qualification. The findings indicated no statistically significant difference in overall mental health with respect to gender and locality. However, type of institution and educational qualification showed significant differences in some specific dimensions, particularly academic stress management and self-esteem and confidence. Students from certain institution types and with higher prior qualifications reported relatively better capacity to manage academic stress. The study highlights the need for targeted mental health support within teacher education programmes, with special attention to institutional climate, academic pressure and counselling services. Implications for teacher educators and policy makers are discussed.

Keywords: Mental Health; B.Ed. Students; Teacher Education; Academic Stress Management; Self-Esteem And Confidence.

Page No: 35-47

Author: Dr. R. Selvamani & Dr. R. Mangaleswaran

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110007

Abstract: Artificial intelligence is reshaping rural development, yet youth impacts in India remain understudied. A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized empirical studies on rural Indian youth. Methods followed PRISMA 2020 standards for transparent selection and reporting (Page et al., 2021). Outcomes covered leisure, mental health, education, gender attitudes, service use, and hygiene. Random-effects models aggregated standardized mean differences and assessed between-study heterogeneity. Educational and health knowledge showed large positive associations (d=0.77, p<1e-5). Gender and social attitudes displayed moderate positive associations (d=0.40, p<1e-5). Health and hygiene practices showed moderate gains (d=0.46, p<1e-5). Service use and violence outcomes showed negative associations (d=-0.38, p<1e5). Leisure and mental health exhibited small, nonsignificant changes (d=0.04, p=0.08). Associations favored cognitive and attitudinal domains over service engagement or safety behaviors. Results indicate correlations, not causes, and may reflect access barriers or disparities. Policy design should strengthen beneficial domains while addressing service uptake challenges. Evidence provides a structured basis for evaluating AI within rural socio-economic change.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Rural Youth Development, Knowledge Outcomes, Gender Attitudes, Service Barriers.

Page No: 48-60

Author: Mohammad Razzaque & Samiran Mondal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110008

Abstract(सारांश): शांतिनिकेतन और उसके आसपास के इलाक़ों में स्थित प्राचीन टेराकोटा (पक्की मिट्टी की) मंदिर सिर्फ़ धार्मिक आस्था के केंद्र नहीं हैं, बल्कि वे अपने समय के समाज, जीवनशैली और लोक परंपराओं के सजीव दस्तावेज़ भी हैं। इस शोध का उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि इन मंदिरों की दीवारों पर बने योग (योगासन), व्यायाम (शारीरिक कसरत), और क्रीड़ा (खेलकूद) से जुड़े चित्र किस प्रकार से उस समय के लोगों की सोच, उनकी दिनचर्या और सामुदायिक जीवन को दर्शाते हैं।

मैंने शांतिनिकेतन के आसपास स्थित प्रमुख मंदिरों — जैसे सुरुल सरकार बड़ी, मानसामंदिर, इलमबाज़ार के पाँच मंदिर, श्रीनिकेतन का लक्ष्मी-जनार्दन मंदिर और घुड़िसा मंदिर — का प्रत्यक्ष दौरा किया। वहाँ पर मैंने न केवल चित्रों का अध्ययन किया बल्कि स्थानीय लोगों, श्रद्धालुओं और मंदिर से जुड़े बुज़ुर्गों से बातचीत भी की। उनसे मिली मौखिक जानकारी, परंपराएँ और उनकी यादें इस शोध का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा बनीं।

इन मंदिरों की टेराकोटा कला में कुश्ती, तीरंदाज़ी, ध्यान की मुद्रा, घुड़सवारी, और बच्चों के खेल जैसी अनेक गतिविधियाँ दिखती हैं। ये सिर्फ़ सजावट नहीं, बल्कि एक ज़माने की जीवनशैली की झलक हैं। यह शोध इस बात को रेखांकित करता है कि भारतीय समाज में शारीरिक और मानसिक विकास को किस तरह से धार्मिक और सांस्कृतिक जीवन का अभिन्न हिस्सा माना जाता है।

इन मंदिरों और उनके चित्रों को न सिर्फ़ संरक्षण की ज़रूरत है, बल्कि इन्हें समझना, दस्तावेज़ करना और आने वाली पीढ़ियों तक पहुँचाना हमारी सांस्कृतिक ज़िम्मेदारी भी है।

Keywords(मुख्य शब्द): शांतिनिकेतन, टेराकोटा मंदिर, योग, व्यायाम, क्रीड़ा, लोक कला, सांस्कृतिक अभिव्यक्ति, बंगाल की विरासत, शारीरिक संस्कृति, मंदिर शिल्प

Page No: 61-77

Author: মৌসুমী মাজি

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110009

Abstract(সারসংক্ষেপ): “তুলনামূলক আলোচনার আয়নায় রবীন্দ্রনাথ ও নজরুলের সঙ্গীতধারা: সুর, চেতনা ও দর্শনের অনুসন্ধান” প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা সঙ্গীতের দুই শিখর ব্যক্তিত্ব—রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ও কাজী নজরুল ইসলামের সৃষ্টিশীল ধারা, তাদের সুরলহরী, ভাব-চেতনা ও দার্শনিক অন্তর্গত মানসকে এক তুলনামূলক পরিসরে বিশ্লেষণ করে। রবীন্দ্রসঙ্গীত যেখানে প্রকৃতি, মানবতা, ভক্তি ও চিরন্তন সৌন্দর্যবোধের সাযুজ্যে অন্তর্মুখী মাধুর্য সৃষ্টি করে, সেখানে নজরুলগীতি মুক্তির আকাঙ্ক্ষা, বিদ্রোহী চেতনা ও মানবপ্রেমের জাগ্রত স্পন্দনে বহির্মুখী প্রেরণার আকার ধারণ করে। উভয়ের সঙ্গীতে ভারতীয় রাগসঙ্গীতের ঐশ্বর্য এবং পাশ্চাত্য সংগীতপ্রভাবের মৌলিক সম্মিলন ঐতিহ্যের ধারাবাহিকতাকে নতুন আঙ্গিকে পুনঃনির্মাণ করেছে। প্রবন্ধটির উদ্দেশ্য হলো রবীন্দ্রনাথ ও নজরুলের সুরসৃষ্টির আধ্যাত্মিক ভিত্তি, সামাজিক প্রেরণা ও নান্দনিক দর্শনকে আলোচনায় এনে আধুনিক বাংলা সংগীতধারার বিবর্তনকে নতুন দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে অনুধাবন করা। এই তুলনামূলক অন্বেষণ বাংলা সঙ্গীতের সার্বজনীন রূপকে বিশ্লেষণ করার এক মূল্যবান প্রয়াস।

Keywords(সূচক শব্দ): রবীন্দ্রসঙ্গীত, নজরুলগীতি, সঙ্গীতদর্শন, জাতীয় চেতনা, মানবতাবাদ, রাগসঙ্গীত ও পাশ্চাত্য প্রভাব, তুলনামূলক সঙ্গীত বিশ্লেষণ।

Page No: 78-84

Author: R. Sheela, Dr. B. Saminathan & Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110010

Abstract: In an era characterized by pervasive digital interconnectivity, social media has evolved into a primary medium for emotional expression, interpersonal communication, and academic engagement particularly among pre-service teachers navigating emotionally demanding educational settings. This quantitative correlational study investigates the role of Social Media Emotional Intelligence (SMEI) defined as the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions within online environments in predicting psychological wellbeing and academic performance among student teachers. A total of 100 student teachers enrolled in accredited teacher education programs participated in the study. Standardized instruments were utilized, including the Social Media Emotional Intelligence Scale (SMEIS), the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, and self-reported academic performance metrics verified through institutional records. Data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses to determine the predictive relationship between SMEI dimensions (emotional perception, expression, regulation, and empathy) and the outcome variables. Findings revealed that SMEI demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with both wellbeing (r = .63, p < .01) and academic performance (r = .48, p < .01). Regression analysis indicated that emotional regulation and online empathy emerged as the strongest predictors of well-being, whereas emotional expression significantly predicted academic success. These results underscore the critical role of digital emotional competence in shaping student teachers’ holistic development. Integrating digital emotional literacy within teacher education curricula can enhance emotional resilience, promote psychological well-being, and support academic excellence in digitally mediated learning environment.

Keywords: Social Media Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Regulation, Well-Being, Academic Performance, Student Teachers, Digital Literacy, Emotional Competence.

Page No: 85-93

Author: Ajoy Ghosh & Surapati Pramanik

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110011

Abstract: International Olympiad competitions are very tough and prestigious events like sports Olympics. This study examines the performance of three Asian countries, namely India, China, and Japan, in three international science Olympiads: The International Junior Science Olympiad (IJSO), the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO), and the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO).In IJSO, India participated since introductory competition and their performance is far better than China. Whereas China started early of their participation in IPhO and IChO and outperforms than India and Japan. In most of the competition years China, remains within top three positions and their contestants placed in the absolute ranker list, but India and Japan never achieved the top most position in the country rank. Despite their late entry, India and Japan have maintained strong performances, staying within the top ten in international rankings. This study uses document analysis and a comparative approach across a few countries to analyse recent data comprehensively. It is evident that Chinese and Japanese schools follow goal-oriented science curriculum and pedagogical approach emphasizing science-teaching learning through hands on activities from the lower classes and consequently their contestants are excellent in practical skill of the international science competitions. Indian school science education may follow this unique feature for the betterment of science learning and this may be helpful for better performance in such prestigious competitions.

Keywords: International Junior Science Olympiad (IJSO), International Physics Olympiad (IPhO), International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO), Scientific Knowledge, Science Education.

Page No: 94-122

Author: Saroj Kanjilal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110012

Abstract: The Matua Dharma, founded by the divine figure Harichand Thakur (1812–1878) and meticulously institutionalized by his son, Guruchand Thakur (1846–1937), represents one of the most profound and successful socio-religious reform movements among the marginalized communities of 19th-century undivided Bengal. This paper moves beyond defining Matua merely as a spiritual alternative, arguing instead that its emergence was an essential and non-negotiable socio-political necessity for the Namasudra community (formerly known as Chandala) and allied groups. Its necessity stemmed from three interconnected and crucial functions: firstly, its development of a radical theology of dignity (Sahaj Manush) which theologically abolished Brahminic hierarchical exclusion; secondly, its establishment of a powerful, decentralized organizational structure for collective political mobilization; and thirdly, its creation of a distinct, affirmed cultural identity rooted in the sacralization of labor (Krishikaj) and self-reliance. Matua’s emergence was thus a foundational response to centuries of imposed social, economic, and ritualistic oppression, establishing the organizational and ideological bedrock for the assertion of untouchable rights in colonial and post-colonial India.

Keywords: Matua Dharma, Harichand Thakur, Guruchand Thakur, Namasudra community, Sahaj Manush, Krishikaj, Chandala.

Page No: 123-127

Author: Dipankar Karmakar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110013

Abstract:

Wellness is an idea of life which is related to optimal health and well-being, involving body, mind, and spirit, with the natural and social environment. Among all the segments of global tourism which are growing the fastest, wellness tourism sits at the vanguard. The aim and object of this particular tourism is to improve upon the travellers’ all-round wellness, encompassing physical, mental, spiritual, and psychological wellbeing. Wellness tourism products are multi-faceted, i.e., a) Physical wellness (spa therapies, massage, hydrotherapy/ thermal baths, physiotherapy, fitness and yoga regimes, etc.), Mental wellness (meditation, mindfulness, stress relief, relaxation, mental cleansing, etc.), c) Spiritual wellness (spiritual retreats, yoga, traditional-medicine therapies, etc.). Sikkim, with its pristine Himalayan environment, organic farming, spiritual heritage, and community-based tourism model, provides a unique landscape for developing this niche sector. Sikkim has already been recognised as a green destination thanks to its success in organic farming.

Purely based on secondary data, the current study aims to grasp the concept of wellness tourism as a theory and also to analyse the pros and cons of developing a sustainable model for this segment of tourism in Sikkim. Finally, the study devises a roadmap for academicians, policymakers, stakeholders and practitioners alike with a view to creating an evidence-based wellness tourism in fragile Himalayan regions.

Keywords: Physical Wellness, Mental Wellness, Spiritual Wellness, Community-Based Tourism.

Page No: 128-134

Author: Dipak Kumar Ghosh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110014

Abstract: এই গবেষণাধর্মী নিবন্ধে বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের ‘আনন্দমঠ’ উপন্যাসটির প্রেক্ষিতে তাঁর রাজনৈতিক চেতনা, তাঁর পরিকল্পিত সশস্ত্র বিপ্লবের আদর্শ এবং দেশমাতৃকার বিবিধ রূপের স্বরূপ বিশ্লেষণ করা হয়েছে। উনবিংশ শতাব্দীর ভারতের পরাধীনতার গ্লানি এবং ব্রিটিশ শাসনের অত্যাচারের প্রেক্ষাপটে বঙ্কিমচন্দ্রের উপন্যাসটি একটি কালজয়ী জাতীয়তাবাদী রচনা হিসেবে আবির্ভূত হয়। ‘ছিয়াত্তরের মন্বন্তর’ এবং ‘সন্ন্যাসী বিদ্রোহের’ রাজনৈতিক-ঐতিহাসিক পটভূমিতে রচিত এই উপন্যাসে বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র ‘সন্তান দল’ নামক একদল উৎসর্গীকৃত রাজনৈতিক সন্ন্যাসীর কথা বলেছেন, যাঁদের লক্ষ্য সশস্ত্র সংগ্রামের মাধ্যমে মাতৃভূমির মুক্তি। প্রবন্ধে আলোচিত হয়েছে কীভাবে বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র তাঁর ‘অনুশীলন তত্ত্ব’-এর মাধ্যমে ভক্তি, ত্যাগ এবং শক্তির সমন্বয় ঘটিয়েছেন। বিশেষত, ‘বন্দেমাতরম’ সঙ্গীতের মাধ্যমে তিনি জন্মভূমিকে যেভাবে সর্বকল্যাণময়ী জননী রূপে কল্পনা করেছেন, তা পরবর্তীকালে ভারতীয় স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনে ‘জাতীয় মন্ত্রে’ পরিণত হয়। এছাড়াও, নিবন্ধে বঙ্কিমচন্দ্রের দৃষ্টিতে ইংরেজ শাসনের ঐতিহাসিক প্রয়োজনীয়তা এবং পাশ্চাত্য বিজ্ঞানের সাথে ভারতীয় আধ্যাত্মিকতার সমন্বয়ের আদর্শ নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হয়েছে। পরিশেষে, জাতিভেদহীন দেশপ্রেম এবং জাতীয়তাবাদী আন্দোলনে নারী শক্তির অবদানের কথা উল্লেখ করে ‘আনন্দমঠ’-কে ভারতীয় বিপ্লববাদের এক অনন্য প্রেরণা উৎস হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করা হয়েছে।

Keywords: বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র, আনন্দমঠ, জাতীয়তাবাদ, বন্দেমাতরম, ছিয়াত্তরের মন্বন্তর, সন্ন্যাসী বিদ্রোহ, দেশমাতৃকা।

Page No: 135-141

Author: Abhilash Chatterjee

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110015

Abstract: এই গবেষণাধর্মী নিবন্ধে ঊনবিংশ ও বিংশ শতাব্দীর সন্ধিক্ষণে দুই প্রখ্যাত ঔপন্যাসিক বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় ও রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের সৃষ্ট দুই কালজয়ী নারী চরিত্র- রোহিণী (কৃষ্ণকান্তের উইল) এবং বিনোদিনী (চোখের বালি)-র অবদমিত বাসনা, সামাজিক বিদ্রোহ ও করুণ পরিণতির একটি তুলনামূলক বিশ্লেষণ করা হয়েছে৷ রক্ষণশীল হিন্দু সমাজের বিধিনিষেধ অগ্রাহ্য করে এই দুই বিধবা নারী যেভাবে তাদের ব্যক্তিগত আকাঙ্ক্ষা ও জীবনতৃষ্ণাকে বড় করে তুলেছিলেন, তা তৎকালীন সমাজবাস্তবতায় ছিল এক বৈপ্লবিক পদক্ষেপ৷ আলোচনায় দেখা গেছে যে, বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র রোহিণীর আধুনিক সত্তাকে উন্মোচিত করলেও শেষ পর্যন্ত তাকে শারীরিক মৃত্যুর দিকে ঠেলে দিয়েছেন, যা তৎকালীন নীতিবাদী সমাজব্যবস্থারই প্রতিফলন৷ অন্যদিকে, রবীন্দ্রনাথ বিনোদিনীকে মৃত্যুর হাত থেকে রক্ষা করলেও তাকে বৈধব্যের আধ্যাত্মিক ও ত্যাগের আবরণে মুড়িয়ে কাশীতে নির্বাসিত করেছেন, যা এক প্রকার ‘জীবন্ত মৃত্যু’র শামিল৷ প্রবন্ধে উভয় লেখকের পুরুষতান্ত্রিক মানসিকতা এবং সামাজিক সংস্কারের কাছে তাঁদের আপস করার প্রবণতাকে সমালোচনামূলক দৃষ্টিতে দেখা হয়েছে৷ পরিশেষে, রোহিণীর অকালমৃত্যু এবং বিনোদিনীর বৈরাগ্য -উভয়কেই পুরুষশাসিত সমাজে নারীর ব্যক্তিস্বাতন্ত্র্যের পরাজয় হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করা হয়েছে৷

Keywords: রোহিণী, বিনোদিনী, কৃষ্ণকান্তের উইল, চোখের বালি, বিধবা জীবন, সমাজনিষিদ্ধ প্রেম, পুরুষতন্ত্র৷

Page No:142-151

Author: Mrinmay Dutta

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110016

Abstract: বিজ্ঞাপন হলো এমন এক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যম, যার মাধ্যমে ব্যবসায়ী ভোক্তার কাছে তথ্য পৌঁছে দেন। ইন্টারনেটের দ্রুত বিকাশ অনলাইন বিজ্ঞাপনকে বিপণনের ক্ষেত্রে অভাবনীয় উচ্চতায় পৌঁচেছে। সময়োপযোগী, সহজে পরিবর্তনযোগ্য, ইন্টারেক্টিভ এবং ব্যক্তিগতকৃত হওয়ার কারণে ব্যবসায়ীরা ক্রমশ ইন্টারনেটকে বিজ্ঞাপনের মাধ্যম হিসাবে ব্যবহার করছেন। অনলাইন বিজ্ঞাপন নির্দিষ্ট গ্রাহকগোষ্ঠীকে চিহ্নিত করতে, তথ্য সংগ্রহ করতে, বিক্রয় সম্ভাবনা মূল্যায়ন এবং ভৌগোলিক সীমা অতিক্রম করে পণ্য ও সেবা প্রচারে সহায়তা করে। বর্তমান গবেষণার উদ্দেশ্য হলো গ্রাহকের আচরণের উপর অনলাইন বিজ্ঞাপনের প্রভাব বিশ্লেষণ করা। এই গবেষণাপত্রটি একটি পর্যালোচনামূলক অধ্যয়ন (Review Article)। পূর্ববর্তী গবেষণাগুলির পর্যালোচনার মাধ্যমে দেখা যায় যে ভোক্তার আচরণ ও অনলাইন বিজ্ঞাপনের মধ্যে একটি দৃঢ় সম্পর্ক বিদ্যমান। অনলাইন বিজ্ঞাপন ভোক্তার মনোভাব পরিবর্তন, ক্রয়-প্রেরণা সৃষ্টি এবং ব্র্যান্ড ইমেজ উন্নয়নে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। এর মাধ্যমে নির্দিষ্ট পণ্যের সম্ভাব্য ক্রেতাদের সচেতন করে তোলাও সম্ভব হয়।

Keywords: ইন্টারনেট মার্কেটিং, অনলাইন বিজ্ঞাপন, ভোক্তার আচরণ, ক্রেতা সচেতনতা।

Page No: 152-156

Author: Debashish Mandal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110017

Abstract: Education and psychology are mutually reinforcing disciplines that together shape the theory and practice of teaching and learning. While education provides the normative and institutional framework within which learning occurs, psychology offers empirical insights into how learners think, feel, develop, and behave. The integration of psychological principles into educational processes has transformed classroom practices, curriculum design, assessment strategies, and teacher preparation across the globe. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between education and psychology, tracing its historical foundations, examining major psychological perspectives, and analyzing their implications for teaching, learning, motivation, intelligence, creativity, mental health, and inclusive education. It discusses the contributions of behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, humanism, and socio-cultural theory, highlighting seminal thinkers such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, B. F. Skinner, John Dewey, Howard Gardner, and Abraham Maslow. Furthermore, it examines psychological foundations of classroom management, evaluation, guidance and counseling, and educational technology. Contemporary challenges such as learner diversity, emotional well-being, digital learning environments, and culturally responsive pedagogy are critically evaluated from a psychological standpoint. The paper concludes that effective education is inseparable from psychological understanding, and that future educational reform must continue to rely on interdisciplinary collaboration between educators and psychologists.

Keywords: Education; Educational Psychology; Learning Theories; Cognitive Development; Motivation; Intelligence; Constructivism; Mental Health; Inclusive Education; Assessment.

Page No: 157-162

Author: Dr. Sudipta Narayan Das Mandal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110018

Abstract: Modern British poetry reflects the complex realities of twentieth-century life shaped by industrialization, urbanization, war, and rapid social transformation. Poets of the modernist and post-modernist periods sought new ways to represent the fragmented experiences of modern society. Through innovative language, symbolism, and unconventional poetic forms, they portrayed themes such as alienation, urban isolation, loss of tradition, and the search for meaning in a rapidly changing world. This research article examines the representation of modern life in selected British poems, particularly focusing on The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot, The Second Coming by W. B. Yeats, and Church Going by Philip Larkin. The study analyzes how these poems portray the social, cultural, and psychological conditions of modern life. It argues that modern British poetry functions as a powerful literary response to the crises and contradictions of modern civilization, revealing both the anxieties and possibilities of the modern age.

Keywords: Modern British Poetry, Modernism, Urban Life, Alienation, Cultural Crisis, Symbolism.

Page No: 163-170

Author: Md. Nasimul Hoque

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110019

Abstract: Education and sociology are closely interconnected disciplines that together explain how individuals develop within a social context and how society evolves through organized learning processes. Sociology of education examines the relationship between education systems and the social structures in which they operate. Education not only transmits knowledge but also shapes social norms, values, and cultural identity. At the same time, social factors such as class, gender, culture, and economic conditions influence educational opportunities and outcomes. This paper explores the theoretical and practical connections between education and sociology by analyzing major sociological perspectives on education, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. It further examines the role of education in socialization, social stratification, cultural transmission, and social mobility. The article also discusses the impact of social institutions such as family, community, religion, and mass media on educational processes. In contemporary society, globalization, technological advancement, and policy reforms are reshaping educational systems and creating new sociological challenges. The paper highlights how education can promote equality, social cohesion, and democratic values while also addressing inequalities that exist within societies. By integrating sociological insights with educational practices, policymakers and educators can design inclusive and equitable systems that contribute to sustainable social development. The study concludes that understanding the sociological foundations of education is essential for developing educational policies that foster social justice, cultural integration, and national progress.

Keywords: Sociology of Education, Socialization, Social Stratification, Cultural Transmission, Social Mobility, Educational Inequality, Social Institutions.

Page No: 171-177

Author: Dr. Anirban Khatua

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110020

Abstract: The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) represents one of the world’s oldest and most comprehensive traditions of intellectual, philosophical, and practical knowledge. Rooted in centuries of observation, reflection, and experience, ancient Indian wisdom encompasses diverse domains such as philosophy, science, education, medicine, mathematics, ecology, and social organization. In contemporary times, the relevance of this knowledge system has gained renewed attention as societies seek sustainable solutions to modern challenges related to health, environment, education, and ethical living. This research article explores the conceptual foundations of the Indian Knowledge System and examines its relevance in modern life. It highlights how ancient Indian wisdom promotes holistic thinking, emphasizing the harmony between individual well-being, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability. The study also discusses the contributions of traditional knowledge in fields such as Ayurveda, yoga, mathematics, astronomy, and ethical philosophy. Furthermore, it analyzes how these ancient insights can contribute to addressing contemporary issues such as mental health, ecological crises, and value-based education. The article argues that integrating the principles of the Indian Knowledge System with modern scientific knowledge can create a balanced framework for sustainable development and human flourishing. Understanding and revitalizing this knowledge tradition can therefore play a vital role in shaping a more ethical, harmonious, and sustainable society.

Keywords: Indian Knowledge System, Ancient Wisdom, Holistic Living, Traditional Knowledge, Contemporary Relevance.

Page No: 178-186

Author: Dr. Rina Mondal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110021

Abstract: Gender equality and women empowerment are widely recognized as essential components of sustainable and inclusive development. Despite significant progress in education, health, and economic participation, women across many parts of the world continue to face structural inequalities, social discrimination, and limited access to opportunities. The concept of inclusive development emphasizes equitable participation of all sections of society in economic growth and social progress. In this context, gender equality plays a crucial role in ensuring that women have equal rights, resources, and opportunities in all spheres of life. Women empowerment, which includes social, economic, political, and educational empowerment, enables women to exercise their rights, participate in decision-making, and contribute actively to national development. This research article examines the relationship between gender equality and women empowerment and their significance in achieving inclusive development. It explores the conceptual framework, historical evolution, policy initiatives, and challenges associated with gender equality and women empowerment. The article also highlights the role of education, economic participation, and policy reforms in promoting gender equity. The study concludes that empowering women and ensuring gender equality are not only matters of social justice but also essential strategies for building sustainable and inclusive societies.

Keywords: Gender Equality, Women Empowerment, Inclusive Development, Social Justice, Sustainable Development.

Page No: 187-193

Author: Sumit Kumar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110022

Abstract: वर्तमान समय में जलवायु परिवर्तन वैश्विक स्तर पर एक गंभीर चुनौती के रूप में उभर रहा है। इसका प्रभाव केवल पर्यावरण तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि यह आर्थिक गतिविधियों, विशेष रूप से कृषि क्षेत्र को भी गहराई से प्रभावित कर रहा है। कृषि अर्थव्यवस्था जलवायु परिस्थितियों जैसे तापमान, वर्षा और मौसम के पैटर्न पर अत्यधिक निर्भर करती है।

इस शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य Climate Change (जलवायु परिवर्तन) के कृषि अर्थव्यवस्था पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन में यह पाया गया कि जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण वर्षा के पैटर्न में बदलाव, तापमान में वृद्धि, सूखा और बाढ़ जैसी प्राकृतिक आपदाएँ बढ़ रही हैं, जिससे कृषि उत्पादन और किसानों की आय प्रभावित हो रही है।

इसके साथ ही यह भी पाया गया कि कृषि क्षेत्र में तकनीकी नवाचार, जल प्रबंधन और टिकाऊ कृषि पद्धतियों को अपनाकर जलवायु परिवर्तन के नकारात्मक प्रभावों को कम किया जा सकता है।

Keywords: जलवायु परिवर्तन, कृषि अर्थव्यवस्था, कृषि उत्पादन, आर्थिक विकास, पर्यावरणीय परिवर्तन।

Page No: 194-198