Author: Abu Mahomed Shumsuz Zaman & Dr. Siba Ranjan Mahanta

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100001

Abstract: Practice teaching and internship programmes form the basis of teacher preparation in India. However, variations in supervision, mentoring, and collaboration often lead to uneven quality across B.Ed. institutions. This article synthesizes contemporary research and policy literature to explore effective strategies and best practices adopted by B.Ed. colleges in Assam and other Indian states to enhance the quality of practice teaching. Drawing upon studies from the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE), and empirical research conducted in Assam, the paper identifies five thematic areas influencing quality: mentorship and supervision, collaboration with schools, reflective and experiential learning, ICT integration, and professional development of teacher educators. The review reveals that institutions adopting participatory mentoring models, reflective practice frameworks, and context-based innovations achieve superior outcomes in student-teacher preparedness. It argues for a contextualized approach to quality enhancement, aligning pedagogical practices with local educational realities. The paper concludes with a framework for strengthening practice teaching through evidence-based reforms and sustained institutional partnerships

Keywords: Practice Teaching, Internship, Quality Enhancement, Teacher Education, B.Ed. Colleges, Assam, Reflective Practice.

Page No: 1-9

Author: Amit Kumar Paswan

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100002

Abstract: A key player in India’s fight for independence, Subhash Chandra Bose’s militant tactics and extreme political beliefs provided a potent counterpoint to Mahatma Gandhi’s mainstream, nonviolent campaign. This essay offers a historical assessment of Bose’s sociopolitical accomplishments, emphasizing his support for violent opposition to British colonial control, secular nationalism, and socialist economic reforms. It looks at how he led the Indian National Congress, created the Indian National Army (INA), and used the Forward Block as military weapons.It also looks at the ethical issues surrounding his relationships with Affiliation powers and his diplomatic attempts to globalize the Indian freedom cause. The study emphasizes Bose’s lasting influence on India’s liberation story and post-colonial statecraft by examining both his ideological underpinnings and practical deeds. Despite its complexity, his legacy highlights the variety of India’s liberation movement and is still relevant in today’s political conversation.

Keywords: Indian National Army (INA), Liberation, Freedom, Secular Nationalism, Independence.

Page No: 10-15

Author: Anil Bera

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100003

Abstract: Folk theatre, as a vibrant and indigenous art form, has served for centuries as a powerful medium for cultural expression, education, and moral instruction within traditional societies. Deeply interwoven with rituals, festivals, and everyday life, folk theatre embodies the collective imagination, aesthetic sensibilities, and ethical consciousness of the communities that nurture it. Rooted in oral traditions, it harmoniously integrates music, dance, dialogue, and symbolism to communicate profound social and moral truths in an accessible and engaging manner. This paper explores the role of folk theatre in cultivating aesthetic excellence through the creative interplay of artistic disciplines and its enduring capacity to reinforce social values such as empathy, justice, and community solidarity. Drawing upon historical, anthropological, and performative perspectives, it highlights how folk performances not only preserve cultural identity but also act as vehicles of social critique and transformation. Moreover, in the face of globalization and digital modernity, folk theatre continues to evolve—bridging the gap between tradition and innovation while inspiring new approaches in contemporary education and performance studies. Ultimately, the study underscores the enduring relevance of folk theatre as both an aesthetic pursuit and a moral compass for society.

Keywords: Folk Theatre, Aesthetic Excellence, Cultural Continuity, Social Values, Moral Education.

Page No: 16-20

Author: Dr. Ratan Kumar Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100004

Abstract: The NPE (1986) is repeatedly said “the status of the teacher reflects the socio-cultural ethos of society and no people can rise above the level of its teachers”. For the achievement of high standard of education as well as well smooth functioning of academic activities, teacher participation is must. The major areas of school administration in which teacher should participate are Planning, Organizing, Communicating, Controlling and Evaluation. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the percentage of teachers taking part in planning, organizing, communicating, controlling and evaluation of administration system in relation to gender, educational qualification and teaching experience. A Descriptive study survey design was adopted for the study. For the study a representative sample of 100 teachers were selected from the 10 secondary schools of Tripura. The samples were collected on the basis of three variables gender, educational qualification and teaching experience through simple random sampling method. For the purpose of data collection, the TPSAS (Teachers’ Participation in School Administration Scale) of Taj (1985) was used. Findings of the study were that in planning there existed significant difference in teachers’ participation in relation to gender variation but non-significant in relation to educational qualification and teaching experience, there did not exist any significance difference in organizing function of teachers in relation to gender, teaching experience, and educational qualification, in respect of communicating role of secondary schools there existed a significant difference in relation to gender and educational qualification but there did not exist any difference in relation to teaching experience, there existed significance difference in controlling functions of secondary schools in relation to gender but there did not existed any difference in relation to educational qualification and teaching experience and in evaluating there existed a significant different in teachers participations in school administration with regard to gender but there did not existed significant different with regard to educational qualification and teaching experience.

Keywords: Teacher’s Participation, Professional development and School Administration.

Page No: 21-31

Author: Dr. Kotra Balayogi

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100005

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is redefining education by altering the methods through which students learn, engage, and remember information. Currently, the media is omnipresent and significantly influences students’ life. Social media, television, video games, and music are examples of media that can engage kids’ attention. Students frequently dedicate extensive hours to screens for academic purposes, leisure, or social interaction. This chapter examines how AI functions as a potent instrument for student empowerment, facilitating personalised learning, augmenting motivation, and promoting lifelong education. AI-driven adaptive learning systems customize information to meet individual requirements, allowing students to progress at their own speed. Intelligent tutoring, immediate feedback, and Gamified educational experiences enhance engagement and self assurance and can offer tailored support to pupils, augment student involvement, and boost educational results. Numerous recent research papers have investigated the possibility of chatbots as AI conversational agents in higher education. Machine Learning significantly contributes to educational research by generating predictive analytics, advanced learning systems, and datadriven decision-making processes (Emuoyibofarhe, 2025). Moreover, AI promotes inclusivity by supporting students with disabilities and linguistic obstacles, so providing fair educational access. In addition to conventional classrooms, AI is instrumental in skill enhancement, career counseling, and lifelong learning, providing students with essential competencies for a dynamic labor market. Ethical considerations, such as data privacy and AI bias, are addressed to guarantee appropriate AI integration in education. As AI advances, it possesses significant potential to transform lifelong learning, enhancing accessibility, efficiency, and student-centricity in education. This chapter examines the revolutionary influence of AI on education, emphasizing its contribution to cultivating a culture of self-directed, lifelong learning.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Curriculum, Life Long Learning, Students, Teacher Role.

Page No: 32-37

Author: Soma Jash

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100006

Abstract: English occupies a pivotal position in India as both a medium of instruction and a marker of social mobility. In the districts of Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, the language mediates students’ educational opportunities, career ambitions, and sense of modern identity. This empirical study compares the perceptions of secondary-school students from the two districts regarding the role of English in shaping their personal and social aspirations. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected from 300 students (150 from each district) through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus-group discussions. Quantitative analysis revealed that students in both districts associated English with status and employability, yet Paschim Medinipur students demonstrated slightly higher communicative confidence and access to digital English resources. Qualitative findings indicated that English functions not only as an academic requirement but also as a symbol of self-worth and future possibility. The study concludes that unequal infrastructural and pedagogical conditions shape how learners construct linguistic identity, and it recommends context-responsive English-language policies that link communicative proficiency with inclusive social development.

Keywords: English Language Learning, Identity, Aspiration, Secondary Education, Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, Sociolinguistics.

Page No: 38-52

Author: Susanta Kuila & Dr. Uttam Kumar Samanta

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100007

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to determine how family environment impacts on college-going students’ academic achievement. Objectives: To investigate the family environment’s impact on students’ academic achievement according to gender, stream, living area and parental economic status and also investigate the correlation between family environment and academic achievement of students. Sample: For this study, 160 UG college students of the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal were selected as a sample; the included 80 students studying science (40 boys and 40 girls) and 80 students studying arts (40 boys and 40 girls). Statistical techniques:All the data were analysed in SPSS-25 software and descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Research instruments: The Family Environment Scale was developed by Bhatia & Chadha (1993). The average percentage of marks by UG college students in the previous two semester examinations has been taken as an indicator of the students’ academic achievement. Conclusions: There is a strong, statistically significant positive correlation between family environment and academic achievement across the full sample. There is a small but significant negative correlation between Family Environment and Stream. There is a moderate positive correlation between parental economic status and students’ academic scores. There is a small to moderate positive correlation between students’ locality and academic achievement.

Keywords: Environment, Family Environment, Academic Achievement, College Students.

Page No: 53-60

Author: Rahul Paik

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100008

Abstract: This study examined the spatial patterns of small indigenous freshwater fish (SIFF) diversity across major river systems of West Bengal. Field surveys were conducted between 2022 and 2024 across 12 representative districts covering the Ganges–Hooghly, Bhagirathi–Madhumati, Teesta, Damodar, and lower coastal river systems. Standardized multi-habitat sampling (cast netting, seine, electrofishing where permitted, and local fisher interviews) yielded 78 SIFF taxa belonging to 14 families. Species richness and diversity indices (Shannon–Wiener H′, Simpson D, Pielou’s evenness J′) were calculated for each district and river reach. Geospatial analysis using GIS and river-network based interpolation identified clear longitudinal and lateral gradients in diversity: headwater and midreach wetlands supported higher species richness and endemism, while lower reaches near urbanized and agricultural areas showed reduced diversity and altered community composition. Multivariate analyses (NMDS, cluster analysis, and redundancy analysis — RDA) revealed that habitat heterogeneity, water quality (dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity), and land-use patterns were the principal correlates of SIFF diversity. The study concluded that conservation priorities should target midreach floodplain wetlands and less-disturbed tributaries; community-based management and restoration of riparian buffers were recommended. Findings were discussed in the context of regional conservation and fisheries management.

Keywords: Small Indigenous Freshwater Fishes; West Bengal; River Systems; Biodiversity; Gis; Spatial Patterns; Shannon–Wiener Index; Habitat Heterogeneity; Conservation.

Page No: 61-71

Author: Sangeeta Dey & Dr. Silali Banerjee

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100009

Abstract: This article focuses on the behavioural study of an individual due to excess use of social media in daily life. This study was conducted among school students reading in class VIII (secondary section) of Don Bosco School Agartala, a convent Co-Educational school affiliated to CBSE Board of west Tripura district.The sample of the present study consisted of 123 students. Questionnaire was provided containing six items based on Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale each reflecting one of the core addiction components (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, relapse) was used with total score ranging from 6 – 30. It was developed by Andreassen et al. (2016) as an adaptation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. Response format is in the 5 point Likert scale ranging from 1 as Very Rarely, 2 as Rarely, 3 as sometimes, 4 as often and 5 as very often. Higher scores indicate more problematic use.The scale is free for academic research and validated across multiple languages. It has excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ≈ 0.80–0.85 in most studies).A common research cut-off for “at-risk” is ≥19. Observation states among all five options Sometimes option has been rated as highest in compared to other options. It can be concluded that use of social media bring some positive and negative changes in behaviour of an individual in their daily life. Future in-depth high-quality study might understand effects on health inequalities and determine which aspects of social media are most harmful.

Keywords: Social Media, Behaviour, Excess Use, Adolescents, Psychological Problems.

Page No: 72-81

Author: Nilakshi Bhuyan

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100010

Abstract: This paper has highlighted upon the policy making role of Assam government to boost the ecologically covered area of Kaziranga National park. In secured position of ecological scenario of Kaziranga National Park and the challenges for maintaining its ecology, biodiversity and ecosystem have become the common issues for all of us. This UNESCO world heritage site is well known in all over world for the richness of its natural resources and as a tourist attracting site. This park has a lot of potentiality which are undoubtedly recognised by the concerned state government and also the central government. The scope for eco- tourism and revenue generating capacity of this park is very rich. But, now most of the environmental issues and challenges are faced by this national park. Due to the lack of adequate attention from the authority in which an internationally recognised site should get by the concerned central and state government and also due to the inadequate financial and human resources, the maintenance of the healthy existence of this park has become very difficult. This park has been used for certain business purposes by the formal and informal sector. So the concerned state government should have that accountability to provide proper protection to this rich environmental resource. Political interest also involves regarding this park’s overall security. The major objectives of this paper are to study about the need of the protection of ecological security of Kaziranga National Park and to examine the effectiveness of the governmental policies towards this park. This paper will fill the gap between the formulation of a policy and its proper implementation regarding this park.

Keywords: Adequate, Authority, Ecology, Environment, Protection.

Page No: 82-88

Author: Dr. Sujit Sarkar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100011

Abstract: As populations migrate, natural resources are exhausted, and the climate changes, many of the major issues of the twenty-first century are linked to changes in the spatial structure and character of the landscapes and habitats of Earth’s surface. Geographical science research has the potential to make a significant contribution to monitoring, analysing, and preparing for these changes. Over the past 20 years, the geographical sciences have grown rapidly due to shifting research goals and technological advancements. The geographical sciences today include contributions from economics, biologists, epidemiologists, geologists, computer scientists, and others. There is still much to be done to comprehend the changes that Earth will face in the twenty-first century, notwithstanding the potential of recent discoveries in the geographical sciences. The Earth’s surface has always changed as human cultures and physical systems have developed, but in recent decades, the rate and scope of these changes have increased to previously unheard-of proportions. The enormous, quick changes taking place on Earth’s surface offer a sensible place to start when thinking about strategic research directions in the geographical sciences, with the aim of comprehending how, where, why, and how quickly changes are happening, as well as any potential ramifications.

Keywords: Climate Change, Earth Surface, Technological Advancements, Human Cultures, Geographical Sciences.

Page No: 89-92

Author: Mousumi Biswas

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100012

Abstract: The journey of Bengali women from domesticity to activism during India’s independence movement reflects one of the most significant transformations in the socio-political history of the subcontinent. Rooted in a patriarchal social structure, women’s roles were initially confined to the private sphere of family and household duties. However, the nationalist movements beginning with the Swadeshi Movement of 1905, the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22), and the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34) gradually drew women into the public sphere, where they not only participated but also assumed leadership roles. Figures like Sarojini Naidu, Basanti Devi, and Bina Das redefined political activism by challenging colonial authority, leading protests, and inspiring others through their speeches and sacrifices. The 1947 Partition further highlighted women’s contributions—both explicit, such as organizing relief camps and mediating communal tensions, and hidden, through roles as couriers, shelter providers, and underground activists. Many women endured displacement, violence, and trauma, yet continued to rebuild communities in Bengal, symbolizing resilience. This transformation marked a decisive shift in gender roles, challenging the colonial as well as indigenous patriarchal frameworks. By the time of independence, Bengali women had carved a unique identity that transcended domestic boundaries, reflecting courage, sacrifice, and political consciousness. This historical trajectory demonstrates how women’s agency became a central force in the nationalist struggle, influencing postcolonial debates on gender, justice, and empowerment.

Keywords: Bengali Women, Domesticity, Political Activism, Indian National Movement, Partition of 1947, Women Freedom Fighters, Nationalist Movements, Gender Transformation, Bengal Independence.

Page No: 93-105

Author: Sukamal Biswas

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100013

Abstract: Curriculum development and educational policies are greatly influenced of policy by the interaction between politics and education. Political systems influence educational priorities, resource allocation, and curricular content, reflecting broader political ideologies and power structures. This essay investigates how various political systems affect education by looking at how political beliefs, forms of government, and policy choices influence educational methods. By evaluating case studies from diverse political situations and discussing important theories, the paper gives insights into the complicated interaction between politics and education, highlighting the implications for educators, policymakers, and students.

Keywords: Educational Policy, Political Belief, Policymakers, Politics And Education.

Page No: 106-110

Author: Subham Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100014

Abstract: The concept of study habits as a determinant of learning effectiveness has been a central theme in educational psychology and pedagogy for decades. Study habits encapsulate the consistent behaviors, strategies, attitudes, and environmental factors that learners employ to acquire, organize, and retain knowledge. This conceptual paper offers a comprehensive analysis of study habits, exploring their theoretical foundations, dimensions, determinants, and implications for learning effectiveness. It examines how cognitive, motivational, and environmental variables interact to influence students’ study behaviors and subsequent academic achievement. Drawing upon classical and contemporary theories of learning, this paper investigates the dynamic relationship between study habits and learning outcomes, emphasizing the importance of metacognitive awareness, time management, goal orientation, and self-regulated learning. The article concludes with a synthesis of pedagogical implications, intervention strategies, and directions for future research, underscoring that effective study habits are not innate but cultivated through continuous reflection, support, and adaptive educational environments.

Keywords: Study Habits, Learning Effectiveness, Metacognitive Awareness, Self-Regulated Learning, Time Management.

Page No: 111-117

Author: Shilpi Kumari

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100015

Abstract: The rapid expansion of digital technology has significantly influenced the lives of adolescents, especially secondary school students. Electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops have become essential tools not only for education but also for entertainment and communication. In urban centers like Patna, where digital access is growing, students’ reliance on gadgets has seen a notable increase. This study aims to analyze the multifaceted impact of electronic device usage on the academic performance, social behavior, and physical well-being of secondary school students in Patna. Using a mixed-method approach combining quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews, the research identifies patterns in device usage and their direct and indirect consequences on students’ daily lives. The findings reveal that while electronic devices enhance learning opportunities and improve access to information, excessive and unsupervised usage contributes to poor academic concentration, reduced academic achievement, and increased distraction during study hours. Socially, prolonged gadget use leads to limited face-to-face interactions, decreased participation in outdoor or group activities, and behavioral changes such as irritability and isolation. Physically, students report issues such as sleep disturbances, eye strain, and a sedentary lifestyle, often leading to weight gain and lack of fitness. The study emphasizes the urgent need for structured guidelines from schools and parents to promote balanced and responsible gadget usage among adolescents. Recommendations include digital literacy programs, scheduled screen time, and integrating physical and social activities in daily routines. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how electronic gadgets shape the holistic development of secondary students and calls for collaborative efforts to foster healthier digital habits in the student community of Patna.

Keywords: Electronic Devices, Secondary Students, Academic Performance, Social Behaviour, Physical Well-Being, Screen Time, Patna, Digital Lifestyle, Gadget Addiction, Adolescent Development.

Page No: 118-124

Author: Srikrishna Jana

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100016

Abstract: Educational aspiration is a critical indicator of individual motivation and social mobility. Among tribal adolescents, it represents both a psychological construct and a sociological phenomenon shaped by intersecting forces of culture, socio-economic status, identity, and educational opportunity. This paper explores the socio-psychological dimensions of educational aspirations among tribal adolescents, emphasizing how social structures, family environments, community expectations, and self-perception interact to influence the pursuit of education. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977), the Expectancy-Value Model (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), and Cultural Capital Theory (Bourdieu, 1986), the study critically examines how aspiration formation and realization are mediated by psychological factors such as self-efficacy, motivation, self-concept, and resilience, within the constraints of socio-cultural realities. The discussion underscores the need for culturally sensitive educational interventions that nurture aspirations while addressing systemic inequities that continue to marginalize tribal learners.

Keywords: Educational Aspiration, Tribal Adolescents, Socio-Psychological Factors, Motivation, SelfEfficacy, Cultural Capital.

Page No: 125-131

Author: Chandradev Pal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100017

Abstract: In contemporary academic environments, procrastination has emerged as a pervasive psychological and behavioral issue that impedes student achievement and well-being. Emotional Intelligence (EI)—the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and utilize emotions constructively—has gained recognition as a critical psychological construct influencing academic motivation and self-regulation. This article explores the interrelationship between emotional intelligence and academic procrastination from a psychological perspective. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Mayer and Salovey’s (1997) model of emotional intelligence and Steel’s (2007) temporal motivation theory, the discussion elucidates how deficits in emotional regulation, self-awareness, and motivation contribute to procrastinatory tendencies. Furthermore, empirical findings are reviewed to highlight EI as a potential predictor of academic procrastination, offering insights for educational psychologists, teachers, and policy-makers seeking to foster emotional resilience and academic discipline among students.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Academic Procrastination, Emotional Regulation, Self-Determination, Student Motivation.

Page No: 132-138

Author: Raghvendra Nishad

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100018

Abstract: People today frequently seem to become lost in the plethora of modern and contemporary art movements, just as art was continuously redefined throughout the 20th century. Therefore, we will give a thorough and chronological summary of all the major art movements of the last 150 years in this article. We’ll address the urgent topic of which movements are most pertinent today and elaborate on why art history has become so complex over the past 50 years by offering the required perspective and context. The quest for classical depiction and perfection gave way to the expressive, frequently rebellious character of modern and contemporary tendencies in the development of fine arts. With its emphasis on realism, idealization, and tradition, classical art changed as artists started to question accepted conventions and represent societal changes through fresh viewpoints and media in movements like Abstract Expressionism and Cubism. Significant shifts in the social, political, and philosophical spheres propelled this shift, creating a varied and frequently disjointed art world that is still developing today.

Keywords: Classical Depiction, Classical Art, Societal Changes, Political, Philosophical Spheres.

Page No: 139-142

Author: Santanu Panda

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100019

Abstract: Social competence represents the capacity to interact effectively with others, encompassing skills such as communication, empathy, cooperation, conflict resolution, and adaptability. Its development is not confined to a specific age but unfolds dynamically from early childhood into adulthood, shaped by family, peers, education, culture, and broader socio-economic factors. This paper explores the trajectory of social competence, starting from the formative playground years where foundational interpersonal skills are learned, to adolescence where peer influence and identity formation become critical, and into adulthood where these skills underpin professional success, intimate relationships, and civic engagement. Drawing upon theories of child development, including Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the study highlights the interplay between individual dispositions and environmental contexts. The article also examines the role of schools, extracurricular activities, and digital interactions in fostering or impeding social competence. Understanding this developmental continuum is essential for designing interventions that promote healthy social functioning, prevent maladjustment, and equip individuals to navigate the complexities of modern society.

Keywords: Social Competence, Child Development, Peer Interaction, Family Climate, Adolescence.

Page No: 143-151

Author: Satyapal Kumar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100020

Abstract: This paper demonstrates the practical applicability of a unified fuzzy optimization and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework in two critical real-world domains: Healthcare and Finance. These sectors involve complex decision environments with multiple conflicting criteria, vague expert assessments, and uncertain data. We illustrate the framework through two detailed case studies: (i) hospital site selection under linguistic expert assessments, applying fuzzy ELECTRE and fuzzy goal programming, and (ii) selection of a multi-asset fund using fuzzy AHP, fuzzy TOPSIS, and fuzzy goal programming. The results highlight how fuzzy MCDM techniques combined with fuzzy optimization provide robust, transparent, and flexible decision support. Spearman rank correlation is used to compare method consistency. These applications validate the real-world utility of the framework for handling uncertainty and linguistic judgments in multi-criteria decision problems.

Keywords: Fuzzy Optimization; Multi-Criteria Decision-Making; Fuzzy AHP; Fuzzy TOPSIS; Fuzzy ELECTRE; Healthcare Decision; Financial Decision; Goal Programming.

Page No: 152-171

Author: Swagata Biswas Mondal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100021

Abstract: রমাপদ চৌধুরীর ছোটগল্পে মূলত স্বাধীনতা-উত্তর ভারতের সমকালীন সংকট এবং নাগরিক মধ্যবিত্তের মনন ও জীবনযন্ত্রণার প্রতিফলন ঘটেছে। দেশভাগের ফলে সৃষ্ট দাঙ্গা, উদ্বাস্তু সমস্যা, সংখ্যালঘু নিধন, নারীলুণ্ঠন এবং ধর্ষণের মতো বীভৎস ঘটনা তাঁর গল্পে স্থান পেয়েছে। একইসঙ্গে, মধ্যবিত্তের মূল্যবোধের অবক্ষয়, নৈতিক অধঃপতন, আর্থিক সংকট এবং ভোগবাদী চিন্তাধারার প্রতি মোহগ্রস্ততাও তাঁর গল্পের প্রধান উপজীব্য। ‘অঙ্গপালি’ এবং ‘করুণকন্যা’ গল্প দু’টি দেশভাগের অগ্নিগর্ভ সময়ে নির্যাতিতা নারীর করুণ পরিণতি ও কঠিন বাস্তবতার চিত্র তুলে ধরে। গল্পগুলিতে নারী নির্যাতনের কলঙ্কজনক ইতিহাস এবং পরিবারের প্রত্যাখ্যানের মাধ্যমে সমাজের বর্বর অন্ধকার তুলে ধরা হয়েছে। লেখকের ‘ডাইনিং টেব্‌ল’, ‘বসবার ঘর’, ‘ফ্রীজ’, ‘ড্রেসিং টেব্‌ল’ ইত্যাদি গল্পগুলিতে নাগরিক মধ্যবিত্তের অভাব, অনটন থেকে উত্তরণের স্পৃহা এবং ভোগবাদী চিন্তাধারার বশবর্তী হয়ে বদলে যাওয়ার আখ্যান প্রাধান্য পেয়েছে। রমাপদ চৌধুরীর ছোটগল্পগুলি মধ্যবিত্তের টানাপোড়েনের দলিল এবং তাঁর মূল অন্বিষ্ট হল এই শ্রেণীর সীমাবদ্ধতা।

Keywords: রমাপদ চৌধুরী, ছোটগল্প, দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ, স্বাধীনতা-উত্তর সমকাল, মধ্যবিত্ত মনন।

Page No: 172-179

Author: Shiva Prasad Dey, Prof. Amrit Lal Ghosh & Dr. Kalyan Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100022

Abstract: India has experienced lots of financial scam like Sahara, Satyam, Saradha, Harshad Mehta cases, etc. in the corporate sector which has deeply affected the Capital market of India in the past few years back. To protect the interest of the investors, SEBI amended Corporate governance provisions under Clause 49 of the listing agreement to align with the Companies Act, 2013 by Ministry of Corporate affairs. Corporate governance refers to the systems, processes, and practices through which companies are directed and controlled. It involves the mechanisms by which stakeholders such as shareholders, board members, managers, employees, and other parties interact to ensure the company is run efficiently, ethically, and in compliance with laws and regulations. The purpose of the study is to rank the company based on corporate governance disclosure index. The sample of the study includes all the company listed under BSE SENSEX 50 which has a list of 50 companies from different sector or industries. The study used secondary data which are collected from the official website of the respective company annual reports selected for the study and also the online journals and books. The finding of the study reveals that most of the companies are below the average score and follow low compliance. The study seeks to benefit the potential investor, shareholders, future investor, researchers, academicians, etc.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, BSE SENSEX, SEBI, Companies Act.

Page No: 180-187

Author: Nairika Dhar & Pragya Deepak Kumar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100023

Abstract: This study explores secondary school teachers’ attitudes towards vocational skills assessment, evaluation and its implications for preparing students for higher education, aligning with the Vision-2047 goals for transforming evaluation approaches. This study explores the perspectives of secondary school teachers regarding the present state of vocational skills assessment and identifies opportunities for further improvement in their academic journey. Applying a Descriptive survey research design methodology, the data was collected through a survey questionnaire administered on 50 secondary school teachers. The questionnaire evaluated teachers’ attitudes towards the importance of vocational education, their perceptions of existing assessment methods, the challenges they face in integrating vocational skills into the curriculum, and their recommendations and suggestions for enhancing assessment practices in teaching learning processes. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage distributions, to identify key trends and patterns in teachers’ and their responses. Initial findings reveal that while the majority of educators recognize the importance of vocational skills, they also express concerns about the correctness of existing assessment methods to accurately measure students’ competencies. Many teachers highlighted the need for more reliable, realistic and competency-based assessment approaches that reflects real-world applications of vocational skills. Furthermore, challenges related to scarce resources, improper training, inadequate infrastructure and a lack of coordination between secondary and higher secondary education curriculum were identified as significant impediments to effective vocational skills integration and assessment.

Keywords: Vocational Education, Assessment, Teacher Attitudes, Competency-Based Assessment.

Page No: 188-196

Author: Dr. Asit Kumar Jana

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100024

Abstract: This paper offers an interpretive and scholarly discussion on how yoga contributes to the mental and physical well-being of teacher educators. Drawing upon contemporary academic insights, the article explores yoga’s influence on depression, anxiety, stress regulation, physical strength, cardiovascular efficiency, and respiratory functioning. While existing research presents encouraging results, many studies continue to suffer from limitations such as small participant groups, varied intervention practices, and inconsistent assessment tools. These gaps make it difficult to reach firm conclusions. The article therefore underscores the need for systematic, large-scale studies focusing specifically on teacher educators, so that yoga may be more effectively implemented as an accessible, sustainable, and supportive approach to professional and personal wellness.

Keywords: Yoga, Well-Being, Teacher Educators, Mental Health, Physical Health.

Page No: 197-201

Author: Sangeeta Kharga

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100025

Abstract: Teaching ability, pedagogical abilities, and professional conduct of Sikkim school teachers are investigated in this qualitative research. The main goals of the study were to (1) comprehend the ways in which teachers’ professional behaviour is influenced by their level of competence as educators, (2) examine the ways in which teachers’ day-to-day pedagogical practices are complemented by their professional ethics, and (3) learn how professional development programs help to enhance teachers’ professional behaviour. The researchers in this study used a qualitative exploratory approach, gathering data from randomly chosen secondary school teachers in several Sikkim districts using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations. By encouraging equity, responsibility, and inclusion, the results of the thematic analysis showed that competent education has a substantial impact on ethical behaviour. Through reflective practices, student-centered tactics, and culturally sensitive education, teachers skilfully combine pedagogy with professional ethics. Collaboration, self-reflection, and professional responsibility are promoted via professional development programs, which also enhance educational competency and ethical awareness. Findings from the research highlight the need of combining teaching competence with ethical practice and continuous professional development to train educators to provide students with high-quality lessons while being true to their profession’s values. The results of this study have important policy and programmatic implications for improving the professionalism of Sikkim’s teaching staff.

Keywords: Teaching Competency, Professional Ethics, Pedagogical Skills, Professional Behaviour, Teacher Professional Development, Sikkim Schools.

Page No: 202-209

Author: Sutapa Singha Mahapatra

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100026

Abstract: বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের উপন্যাস ‘মৃণালিনী’-র কেন্দ্রীয় চরিত্র মনোরমা বঙ্কিমচন্দ্রের উপন্যাসের অন্যান্য নারী চরিত্রের মতোই অসামান্য সুন্দরী, স্বাধীনচেতা, শিক্ষিত এবং গল্পের প্রোটাগনিস্ট। মনোরমা চরিত্রটি দুই পরস্পরবিরোধী মূর্তির অপূর্ব সমন্বয়ে গঠিত। এক মূর্তিতে সে আনন্দময়ী, সরলা বালিকা; অন্য মূর্তিতে সে গম্ভীরা, তেজস্বিনী, প্রতিভাময়ী, প্রখরবুদ্ধিশালিনী। তার বয়স সম্পর্কে উপন্যাসে স্পষ্ট উল্লেখ না থাকলেও, আনুমানিক পনেরো থেকে আঠারো বছরের মধ্যে হওয়ায় সে বাল্য ও যৌবনের সন্ধিক্ষণে অবস্থান করে। স্বামীসঙ্গ সুখ থেকে বঞ্চিত হওয়া এবং সংস্কারবর্জিতা ও স্বাধীনভাবাপন্না প্রকৃতির কারণে তার মধ্যে বালিকাসুলভ সারল্য, ভয়হীনতা এবং কপালকুণ্ডলার সঙ্গে সাদৃশ্য পরিলক্ষিত হয়। বিধাতা-নির্ধারিত দিবসে তার স্বামী পশুপতির সঙ্গে সাক্ষাতের পূর্বে মনোরমা নিজেকে বিধবা বলেই জানত। এই সময় থেকেই সে প্রেমের বৈধতা-অবৈধতা নেই বলে বুঝেছিল। পরে পশুপতিকে পাপকার্য থেকে নিরস্ত করার চেষ্টায় ব্যর্থ হয়ে সে তার প্রকৃত পরিচয় প্রকাশ করে। জ্যোতিষীর গণনাকৃত ভবিষ্যৎ অখণ্ডনীয় জেনেও সে নীরবে সেই দিনটির প্রতীক্ষা করত, যেদিন তার জন্য শ্মশানভূমিতে বাসরশয্যা রচিত হবে। অসহ্য দহন জ্বালা ও সম্পূর্ণ নিঃসঙ্গতার কারণে মনোরমা মাঝে মাঝে আত্মবিস্মৃত হয় এবং এক স্বপ্নময় জগতে বিচরণ করে।

Keywords: বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র, উপন্যাস, মৃণালিনী, নারী চরিত্র, মনোরমা।

Page No: 210-216

Author: Ashish Jaganu & Dr. Manasi Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100027

Abstract: इतिहासकारों द्वारा जनजातियों को भारत के पहले निवासी के रूप में मान्यता दी गई है। की समानता और सशक्तिकरणभारत में जनजातीय लोगों को भारतीय संविधान द्वारा सुनिश्चित किया गया है और राज्य को रचनात्मक कदम उठाने के लिए अधिकृत किया गया है जनजातीय लोगों की भलाई के लिए भेदभाव के उपाय। यह आलेख भारत में जनजातीय स्थिति, जनजातीय स्थिति का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करता है आंदोलन, जनजातीय विकास के विभिन्न दृष्टिकोण, आजादी से पहले और बाद की जनजातीय स्थिति, जनजातीय विकास सामाजिक परिवर्तन से जुड़ी समस्याएं और जनजातीय विकास को जिन समस्याओं का सामना करना पड़ता है। का मुख्य उद्देश्य यह लेख शिक्षाविदों, लेखकों और शिक्षकों को जनजातीय अध्ययन की प्रक्रिया में नए तरीके की खोज के लिए प्रेरित करना है। उत्तर आधुनिक जनजातीय दृष्टिकोण से विभिन्न मुद्दों और चिंताओं के बारे में जागरूकता।

Keywords: जनजातियाँ, जनजातीय स्थिति, जनजातीय पहचान, जनजातीय आंदोलन, जनजातीय विकास, परिवर्तन।

Page No: 217-220