Year 2025 - August | Volume -3 | Issue -8
Author: Arijit Bera & Dr. Chaman Singh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080001
Abstract: Professional development has traditionally been equated with the acquisition of technical competencies that enable individuals to fulfill the demands of their professions. However, the rapid transformation of global economies, the digital revolution, and the growing awareness of ethical challenges in professional spaces underscore the inadequacy of skill development strategies focused solely on technical expertise. A truly effective and future-ready model of professional development must integrate technical, emotional, and ethical skills, acknowledging that workplace success is increasingly defined by not only intellectual and technological proficiency but also emotional intelligence, moral integrity, and social responsibility. This paper critically examines the historical evolution of professional development models, explores the theoretical foundations of a holistic approach, and proposes a comprehensive framework for integrating these three key skill domains to prepare professionals for the complexities of the modern world.
Keywords: Professional Development, Technical, Emotional, Ethical.
Page No: 1-8
Author: Romy Raj
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080002
Abstract: Herbal ethnomedicine is a crucial aspect of traditional healthcare among the tribal communities of Jharkhand, India. These communities possess extensive knowledge of medicinal plants, which they use to treat various skin diseases. This study aims to document and analyze the ethnomedicinal practices related to skin ailments among the tribals of Jharkhand. Through field surveys and interviews with local healers, several plant species used in the treatment of skin diseases were identified. The findings reveal that plants such as Aloe vera, Azadirachtaindica (Neem), and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) are commonly used for their antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The study highlights the significance of preserving traditional knowledge and integrating it with modern medicine to develop effective treatments for skin diseases.
Keywords: Herbal Ethnomedicine, Skin Diseases, Tribal Communities, Jharkhand, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Knowledge, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory.
Page No: 9-14
Author: Indrajit De
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080003
Abstract: The study had examined the multi-dimensional causes of labour migration in the backward districts of Jharkhand, focusing on economic, agricultural, social, healthcare, and educational determinants. Field surveys and interviews had been conducted across fifteen villages in Palamu, Garhwa, and Latehar districts, using a stratified random sampling method to include both migrant and non-migrant households. Quantitative data had been analyzed through descriptive statistics and regression models, while qualitative data had been examined thematically. The findings had revealed that unemployment, income disparities, and indebtedness had been major economic push factors, while land fragmentation, declining agricultural productivity, and seasonal work patterns had reinforced migration. Social barriers, including caste-based discrimination and limited upward mobility, had further influenced migration decisions. Additionally, inadequate healthcare facilities, high malnutrition rates, poor educational infrastructure, and high dropout rates had emerged as significant service-related drivers. Migration had provided short-term economic benefits through remittances but had also resulted in rural labour shortages and dependence on external income. The study had emphasized the need for integrated rural development policies targeting livelihood creation, agricultural modernization, and service infrastructure improvement to reduce distress migration.
Keywords: Labour Migration, Jharkhand, Rural Development, Agricultural Productivity, Social Exclusion, Healthcare Access, Educational Infrastructure.
Page No: 15-20
Author: Asim Mahata & Dr. Chaman Singh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080004
Abstract: This study examines the interplay between socio-economic status (SES) and parental aspirations in influencing the academic achievement of tribal girls at the secondary level. Tribal communities in India face multiple barriers to education, including poverty, cultural marginalization, gender norms, and limited access to quality schooling. Parental aspirations, often shaped by these socio-economic realities, play a pivotal role in determining girlsâ enrollment, attendance, and academic performance. Through a conceptual exploration supported by existing literature, this research highlights the importance of integrating economic support with initiatives to raise awareness among parents and communities. The study emphasizes culturally responsive education, mentorship, and infrastructure development as crucial strategies for bridging educational disparities. By understanding these intersecting factors, policymakers, educators, and community leaders can create inclusive learning environments that foster equity and empowerment for tribal girls, ensuring sustainable development and social transformation in marginalized regions.
Keywords: Socio-Economic Status, Parental Aspirations, Tribal Girls, Secondary Education, Educational Equity.
Page No: 21-27
Author: Diptak Chakraborty
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080005
Abstract: Freshwater ponds in suburban Kolkata are vital to the ecosystem, aquaculture, groundwater recharging, and daily life. Rapid urbanization and unregulated human inputs are straining aquatic systems, necessitating systematic water quality monitoring. This study explores seasonal and geographical variability in water quality indicators in five typical ponds in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal: Birati, Madhyamgram, Panihati, and New Barrackpore. Leased for aquaculture, the ponds are also utilized for idol immersion, street cleaning, and domestic washing. The ponds, bordered by dense residential areas, receive organic and chemical loads from these activities. The water samples were tested for phosphate, nitrate,biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Results vary significantly seasonally for all metrics. The seasonal patterns of atmospheric and water temperatures, which peaked at 36°C in summer and dropped to 11°C in winter, showed the strong climatic influence. Dissolved organic matter (DO) concentrations ranged from 4.02 mg/L in New Barrackpore to 8.15 mg/L elsewhere, indicating uneven organic loading and environmental stress. Pond pH showed different trends. Birati was alkaline, but New Barrackpore 2 had lower values (~7.3), indicating acidic pollution or abundant organic pollutants. BOD and COD values fluctuated, peaking at 4.24 mg/L and 6.9 mg/L, respectively, indicating organic matter intake from household activities and runoff. Nutrient dynamics analysis found seasonal maxima for phosphate (0.17-0.45 mg/L) and nitrate (1.4-5.2 mg/L) during monsoon months, indicating runoff and wastewater discharge influence. Continual high phosphate and nitrate levels in New Barrackpore 2 and Panihati reflect human stress and may impair eutrophication and fish production. The study emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring of suburban ponds because nutrient levels, fluctuations in dissolved organic matter (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) directly affect water quality, aquatic biodiversity, and aquaculture viability. The results illustrate how seasonal rains, poor waste management, and localized pollution worsen biological imbalances in these vital waterways. Community engagement, trash removal, and water quality checks are needed to safeguard suburban Kolkataâs freshwater pondsâ ecological health, socio-cultural functions, and economic value.
Keywords: Water Quality, Pollution, Seasonal Variation, Freshwater Pond, Suburban.
Page No: 28-38
Author: Khushi Jain & Deep Chakraborty
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080006
Abstract: The idea of a sustainable environment, originating from âEnvironia,â highlights the importance of maintaining ecological balance amid increasing carbon emissions and climate change. Human activities play a significant role in this warming, driving global efforts toward sustainability. The Indian Union Budget significantly influences environmental sustainability. The Indian environmental technologies market, valued at $23 billion, is expected to grow due to challenges related to air and water pollution. Key regulations, such as the Wildlife Protection Act and Plastic Waste Management Rules, shape this sector. This paper examines these relationships and their implications for sustainable development. From 2015 to 2024, the Indian Union Budgetâs allocations have focused on initiatives like clean air, renewable energy, wildlife conservation, and urban sanitation. Significant investments have been made in green technologies, environmental regulations, and programs like Project Tiger and Project Elephant. The budget also emphasizes clean transportation, including electric vehicles and urban rail systems. The analysis highlights the evolving priorities and financial commitments of the Indian government in addressing climate change and achieving environmental sustainability. The 2024-25 Interim Union Budget showcases progressive climate action with initiatives such as rooftop solarisation and biomass aggregation. Indiaâs commitment to clean transportation, green energy, and biodiversity conservation marks significant progress. However, further efforts in sustainable infrastructure and community participation are crucial.
Keywords: Indian Financial Budget; Sustainable Development Goal; Environmental Growth; Environmental Economy.
Page No: 39-49
Author: Shiuli Mishra & Dr. Sanjay Das
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080007
Abstract: The question of Godâs existence and nature has remained one of humanityâs most profound and enduring inquiries, deeply embedded in philosophy, theology, science, and culture. This article undertakes a rational exploration of the concept of God, emphasizing the intellectual traditions that have shaped theism from antiquity to the modern era. Rather than relying solely on religious faith or revelation, this study focuses on logical reasoning, metaphysical analysis, and ethical reflection to evaluate the coherence of belief in God. Drawing from classical philosophy, medieval scholasticism, Enlightenment thought, and contemporary analytic philosophy, this article examines major arguments for and against Godâs existence, including cosmological, ontological, teleological, and moral approaches. It also engages with critiques from atheism, agnosticism, and secular humanism, exploring whether rational theism can withstand scientific scrutiny and philosophical skepticism. Through comparative analysis, the discussion highlights the evolving nature of the God-concept, ranging from impersonal metaphysical principles to a personal and morally perfect deity. Ultimately, this paper argues that rational inquiry into God remains central to philosophical discourse, offering not only intellectual clarity but also ethical and existential depth. In doing so, it demonstrates that philosophical theism provides a meaningful framework for understanding reality, morality, and the human search for ultimate meaning.
Keywords: God-Concept, Cosmological, Ontological, Teleological, Moral, Philosophical.
Page No: 50-55
Author: Sourav Maity & Dr. Chaman Singh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080008
Abstract: Social isolation has become an increasingly prevalent concern in the modern world, drawing attention from scholars in psychology, sociology, public health, and behavioral sciences. It represents more than physical solitude; it is a multidimensional phenomenon that disrupts individual well-being, undermines community cohesion, and creates challenges for healthcare and policy systems worldwide. This article offers a thorough interdisciplinary examination of social isolation, its causes, manifestations, and implications for mental, physical, and social health. Drawing on psychological theories, sociological frameworks, and empirical research, the paper demonstrates that social isolation is a critical determinant of overall well-being, with consequences comparable to other major public health risks. Finally, it explores strategies and interventions, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches to address this pressing issue in the context of globalization, digitalization, and rapidly changing social structures.
Keywords: Social Isolation, Social, Psychological, Community, Health.
Page No: 56-60
Author: Bidhan Pakhira
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080009
Abstract: This paper explores how womenâs education functions as a transformative force in advancing inclusive development across social, economic, and political dimensions. Grounded in feminist development theory, human capital theory, and Senâs Capability Approach, the analysis underscores the reciprocal relationship between education and empowerment. It highlights that educating women not only enhances individual agency and well-being but also catalyzes broader societal progress by challenging patriarchal structures, fostering economic productivity, and promoting intergenerational mobility. Through case studies from Bangladesh, Rwanda, and India, the paper illustrates how targeted educational initiatives, when combined with policy reforms and grassroots engagement, can reshape gender dynamics and foster inclusive growth. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of education in promoting social justice, reducing gender-based violence, and enabling democratic participation. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for building equitable education systems through policy intervention, community mobilization, technological innovation, and intersectional approaches. Ultimately, the study positions womenâs education not merely as a developmental input but as a moral imperative for creating just, inclusive, and resilient societies.
Keywords: Womenâs Education, Empowerment, Inclusive Development, Gender Equality, Social Transformation.
Page No: 61-67
Author: Mamata Sahay & Dr. Shamma Chakraborty
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080010
Abstract: Parenting represents one of the most critical influences in shaping childrenâs psychological, emotional, and social outcomes. Beyond ensuring physical survival, the role of parents extends to nurturing the capacity for emotional maturityâa foundational quality that underpins resilience, empathy, adaptability, and mental health. Emotional maturity, understood as the ability to manage emotions, demonstrate empathy, and maintain balanced social relationships, forms the cornerstone of resilience. This paper explores the relationship between parenting and emotional maturity, analyzing theoretical perspectives, cultural influences, and empirical findings that reveal how parenting practices shape the emotional development of children and adolescents. The article also highlights the role of emotional maturity in building resilience across life stages and presents practical implications for parents, educators, and policymakers. By integrating developmental psychology, cross-cultural insights, and applied practices, this study underscores that parenting is not merely a private endeavor but a societal responsibility with profound implications for long-term well-being.
Keywords: Parenting, Physical Survival, Emotional Maturity, Psychology.
Page No: 68-75
Author: Dr. Niladri Sekhar Dara
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080011
Abstract: Empowering educators is central to achieving sustainable improvements in education systems. This study critically examines teacher training and professional growth, exploring how continuous learning, reflective practices, and institutional support enhance teaching effectiveness. It highlights key challenges such as inadequate funding, policy-practice disconnects, and limited access to quality training, especially in rural and marginalized areas. The research emphasizes the importance of teacher well-being, leadership opportunities, and equitable access to professional development. Furthermore, it advocates for competencybased training models, strategic integration of technology, and supportive policies to address burnout and promote teacher retention. By analyzing these factors, the study offers a comprehensive framework for empowering educators and strengthening education systems. The findings aim to guide policymakers, institutions, and stakeholders in designing teacher development initiatives that prioritize innovation, equity, and sustainability, ultimately contributing to better student outcomes and a more inclusive educational landscape.
Keywords: Teacher Training, Professional Growth, Teacher Empowerment, Reflective Practice, Education Policy.
Page No: 76-82
Author: Pinaki Barmon & Dr. Chaman Singh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080012
Abstract: Modernization is a multifaceted social, economic, and political process that has profoundly transformed human societies. It signifies the transition from traditional, agrarian communities to industrialized, urbanized, and technologically advanced systems. Theorists have examined modernization through diverse lenses, producing models that explain its origins, pathways, and global implications. From classical sociological perspectives by Weber and Durkheim to mid-20th-century modernization theory, dependency frameworks, and world-systems analysis, modernization discourse has evolved in tandem with global transformations. Contemporary perspectives emphasize globalization, postcolonial critiques, and sustainability paradigms, reflecting the complexity of modernization in a multipolar, interconnected world. This paper offers a comprehensive study of these theoretical perspectives, tracing their historical development, examining their core assumptions, and evaluating their relevance in understanding contemporary modernization. It argues that modernization is not a linear or universal process but a dynamic and contested phenomenon shaped by cultural, historical, and geopolitical factors. By exploring both classical and modern approaches, this paper demonstrates that modernization theory remains vital for analyzing current challenges such as inequality, technological disruption, and environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Modernization Theory, Social Transformation, Globalization, Dependency Theory, Sustainability.
Page No: 83-89
Author: Dr. Sarbani Sinharay
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080013
Abstract: Cultural competence in teacher education has emerged as a critical framework for addressing the challenges of diversity in contemporary classrooms. With globalization, migration, and socio-economic transformations, classrooms increasingly reflect a multiplicity of cultural, linguistic, and social identities. Teachers must therefore be prepared to navigate complex cultural contexts while fostering inclusive and equitable learning environments. This paper critically examines the conceptual foundations of cultural competence, its theoretical underpinnings, and its practical implications for teacher education. Drawing upon global and Indian perspectives, the study highlights strategies for integrating cultural responsiveness into teacher preparation, emphasizing curriculum design, pedagogy, and reflective practice. It also addresses structural and institutional barriers, including policyâpractice gaps, faculty preparedness, and systemic inequities that hinder effective implementation. Ultimately, the paper argues that cultivating cultural competence is essential for building bridges across differences, enhancing student engagement, promoting social justice, and preparing teachers as agents of inclusion in diverse educational settings.
Keywords: Cultural Competence, Teacher Education, Diversity, Inclusive Pedagogy, Social Justice, Reflective Practice.
Page No: 90-96
Author: Saroj Laha
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080014
Abstract: The study had examined the spatial relationship between population distribution and literacy levels in Bankura district, West Bengal, India, using Census 2011 data and government statistics. Population density, literacy rate, and selected socio-economic indicators had been analysed through statistical correlation, thematic mapping, and spatial interpretation. The findings had indicated marked spatial variations in both population density and literacy, with higher values concentrated in urban and peri-urban blocks and lower values in the western and tribal-dominated areas. Gender disparities in literacy had persisted, though the gap had been narrower in urban areas. Statistical analysis had revealed a positive correlation (r = 0.68, p< 0.01) between population density and literacy rate, suggesting that densely populated areas had better access to educational facilities and socio-economic opportunities. Spatial mapping had highlighted the influence of economic activities, infrastructure, and social factors in shaping literacy patterns. The study had concluded that targeted policy interventions in low-density, disadvantaged areas were essential to achieve balanced educational development in the district.
Keywords: Population Distribution, Literacy Rate, Gender Gap, Spatial Analysis, Socio-Economic Factors, Bankura District, Census 2011.
Page No: 97-106
Author: Sudipta Roy
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080015
Abstract: The role of ethics has gained increasing attention due to globalization, technological advancements, interdisciplinary collaborations and high-profile cases of misconduct. Universities, funding agencies and professional associations have therefore established clear ethical guidelines and codes of conduct to promote responsible research and training. In Indian context- ethics in research methodology is a crucial topic that ensures academic research upholds credibility, social value, legal integrity. Research ethics outlines the core values and standards that govern how research is planned, executed and reported. It defines the difference between right and wrong in research practice, promote accountability, fairness and transparency.
Keywords: Ethics, Moral Principles, Integrity, Honesty, Social Value, Stakeholders, Legal Integrity.
Page No: 107-113
Author: Uttam Kumar Jana & Dr. Chaman Singh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080016
Abstract: The field of education is undergoing a dramatic transformation as teaching and learning are increasingly influenced by advancements in technology, shifts in societal needs, and evolving theories of cognition. Traditional, teacher-centered paradigms are progressively giving way to dynamic, student-centered pedagogical frameworks that emphasize critical thinking, creativity, and lifelong learning. This paper critically examines modern pedagogical approaches, tracing their philosophical foundations, theoretical frameworks, and practical applications. By analyzing constructivist learning theories, digital learning innovations, experiential and inquiry-based methods, and inclusive pedagogies, this article offers a comprehensive understanding of how contemporary education is redefining the roles of teachers and learners. Further, it explores the challenges, opportunities, and future directions for pedagogy in a rapidly globalizing world.
Keywords: Pedagogical Approaches, Philosophical Foundations, Theoretical Frameworks, And Practical Applications.
Page No: 114-121
Author: Vikash Nayek
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080017
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to document and analyze the ethno-medicinal plants traditionally used by indigenous communities in Darjeeling and its surrounding areas and to validate their therapeutic potential through phytochemical analysis. A total of 75 plant species belonging to 42 families were recorded through field surveys and interviews with 120 informants, including traditional healers and local elders. The most commonly used plant parts included leaves, roots, rhizomes, and bark, and the major ailments treated were gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin disorders. Ethnobotanical indices such as Use Value (UV) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were calculated, revealing high consensus for several plants, notably Swertiachirayita and Ocimum sanctum. Phytochemical screening of 30 selected species confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols, which supported their traditional medicinal uses. The findings were found consistent with several national and global ethnopharmacological studies, while also highlighting region-specific practices and bioactive variations. The study emphasized the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge and advocated for further pharmacological investigations and conservation efforts. This integrated approach bridged traditional knowledge with scientific validation, contributing to sustainable use of medicinal plant resources in the Eastern Himalayas.
Keywords: Ethno-Medicinal Plants, Darjeeling, Phytochemical Screening, Traditional Knowledge, Use Value, Informant Consensus Factor, Himalayan Flora.
Page No: 122-132
Author: Sosti Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080018
Abstract: The present study had assessed the level of heavy metal contamination in wastewater collected from industrial and mining areas of Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. Wastewater samples had been analyzed for concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) using standard analytical techniques. The results had revealed that most metal concentrations had exceeded the permissible limits prescribed by WHO (2017) and BIS (2012), particularly in regions located near coal washeries and mining dumps. Spatial variations in contamination had indicated the direct impact of anthropogenic activities such as coal processing, industrial discharges, and poor wastewater management. These findings had been consistent with global observations from industrial zones in countries like China, Ghana, and Brazil, suggesting a common environmental challenge. The study had highlighted the pressing need for sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, including bioremediation, membrane filtration, and metal recovery systems. The research had served as a baseline for future environmental risk assessments and had called for stringent regulation, public awareness, and improved industrial accountability to ensure the protection of ecological and human health in the region.
Keywords: Heavy Metals, Wastewater, Dhanbad, Industrial Pollution, Mining Contamination, Bioremediation, Environmental Risk.
Page No: 133-141
Author: Dr. Pabitra Kumar Hazra
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080019
Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, marks a significant transformation in the education system. Designed to make Indian education more holistic, flexible, and aligned with contemporary global trends, NEP 2020 places a strong emphasis on multidisciplinary learning. This paper explores the impact of NEP 2020 on Indiaâs education landscape through a multidisciplinary lens, analyzing its implications across various domains including pedagogy, curriculum design, higher education, technology integration, and socio-economic factors. This study argues that while NEP 2020 presents a progressive framework for educational reform, its successful implementation faces several challenges that must be addressed to fully realize its potential. NEP 2020âs emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to education holds immense potential to transform Indiaâs educational system by promoting holistic, flexible, and inclusive learning. This approach encourages students to move beyond traditional academic boundaries, fostering critical thinking, creativity, and practical skills that are essential in todayâs interconnected world.
Keywords: NEP 2020, Multidisciplinary Learning, Pedagogy, Curriculum Design, Technology Integration.
Page No: 142-147
Author: Dola Pahari
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080020
Abstract: ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤āĨ⤝āĨā¤ā¤¸āĨ⤝ ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤āĨ⤤āĨ⤠ā¤ā¤¨āĨā¤Žā¤¨ā¤ ā¤ā¤ĩ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤šāĨ⤝ā¤Ē⤰āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĩ⤰⤪⤠ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žā¤¯ā¤žā¤ ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤ļāĨā¤ˇā¤ž ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤠ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋ ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨā¤˛ā¤žā¤¨āĨā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤠ā¤ā¤¤ā¤ŋ ā¤ā¤āĨ⤝⤤āĨāĨ¤ ā¤Žā¤¨āĨā¤ĩāĨā¤āĨā¤ā¤žā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ⤤āĨ⤍ ā¤ļāĨ⤧ā¤ā¤žā¤°āĨ⤝āĨ⤪ ⤏āĨā¤Ē⤎āĨā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤žā¤¤ā¤ ⤝⤤āĨ ⤏ā¤ĒāĨ⤤⤤⤠(āĨ) ā¤Ļā¤ļā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋā¤ļ⤤ (āĨ§āĨĻ%) ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤˛ā¤ā¤žā¤¨ā¤žā¤ ā¤ŽāĨ⤞ā¤āĨ⤤ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĩāĨ⤤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤠ā¤ĻāĨ⤎ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨā¤Ŗā¤ž ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ā¤ā¤¤ā¤žā¤ĻāĨā¤ļāĨ⤎āĨ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤˛ā¤āĨ⤎āĨ ā¤āĨā¤ā¤¨ā¤¸āĨ⤝, ⤍ā¤ŋā¤ĻāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤¯ā¤žā¤, ā¤Žā¤˛ā¤¸āĨ⤝ ⤠⤍ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤Žā¤ŋā¤¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ⤍ ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ⤤āĨ ā¤ā¤āĨā¤āĨā¤ā¤ā¤˛ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤝āĨā¤¤ā¤žā¤ ā¤ā¤ĩ⤍āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ ⤤ā¤Ĩā¤ž ⤠⤤āĨ ā¤Ē⤰āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĩ⤰⤪⤏āĨ⤝ ⤏⤰⤞ā¤ĩā¤žā¤¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤ŖāĨ⤍ ⤠ā¤Ēā¤ŋ ⤠⤤āĨ⤝⤍āĨ⤤⤠ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋā¤ĒāĨā¤¤ā¤žā¤ ā¤ā¤ĩ⤍āĨ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ā¤Žā¤žā¤ā¤°āĨ⤰, ā¤āĨā¤ĄāĨ⤰āĨ⤠⤤ā¤Ĩā¤ž ⤠ā¤āĨ⤍ ā¤ā¤¤āĨ⤝āĨ⤤āĨ⤠ā¤ĻāĨ⤰āĨā¤ā¤ā¤žā¤˛ā¤ ā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĩ⤤āĨ ⤠⤧āĨ⤝⤝⤍⤠ā¤āĨ⤤āĨ⤤āĨā¤ĩā¤ž ā¤āĨā¤ā¤žā¤Ēā¤ŋ⤤⤠⤝⤤āĨ ā¤ā¤¤ā¤žā¤ĻāĨā¤ļāĨ ā¤ĻāĨ⤎ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨā¤Ŗā¤ŽāĨ⤞ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤝āĨā¤āĨ⤤āĨ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤˛ā¤āĨ ⤠⤍⤍āĨā¤āĨ⤞ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤°ā¤ ā¤ ā¤§ā¤ŋā¤ā¤ļāĨā¤āĨā¤°ā¤¤ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤ā¤¸ā¤ŋ⤤⤠ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ā¤Ģā¤ŋ⤏ (fish 1975) ⤤ā¤Ĩā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤞āĨā¤š (Mealh 1978) ā¤ā¤¤āĨ⤝⤍āĨ⤍ ⤏āĨā¤ĩ-⤠⤧āĨ⤝⤝⤍āĨ⤍ ā¤ā¤§ā¤žā¤°āĨ⤪ ā¤ā¤¤ā¤¤āĨ ā¤āĨā¤ā¤žā¤Ēā¤ŋ⤤⤠⤝⤤āĨ ā¤ĻāĨ⤎ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨā¤Ŗā¤ŽāĨ⤞ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤠⤝ā¤Ĩā¤žā¤°āĨā¤ĨāĨ⤍ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤˛ā¤āĨ⤎āĨ ā¤ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤎āĨ⤝āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ā¤žā¤¨ā¤žā¤ŽāĨ ⤠⤍⤍āĨā¤āĨ⤞ā¤ŋ⤤ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤°ā¤¸āĨ⤝ ā¤ā¤ā¤ ā¤ŽāĨā¤āĨ⤝⤠⤏āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ā¤ā¤ā¤¸āĨā¤Žā¤ŋ⤍āĨ ā¤Žā¤¨āĨ⤎āĨ⤝āĨ ā¤Ŧā¤šā¤ĩ⤠ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤ā¤žā¤ ⤏⤍āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ ⤝āĨā¤ˇā¤žā¤ ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤Ŗā¤žā¤¤āĨ ⤤⤏āĨ⤝ ⤠ā¤Ēā¤°ā¤žā¤§ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤°ā¤ ā¤ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤤āĨā¤ŽāĨ ⤠⤰āĨā¤šā¤¤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ⤝⤏āĨ⤝ ⤠ā¤ā¤ŋā¤ļāĨ⤰⤏āĨ⤝ ā¤ŦāĨā¤ĻāĨ⤧ā¤ŋ⤠⤍āĨ⤝āĨ⤍⤠ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋ, ā¤¸ā¤ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨ⤝ā¤āĨ ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤ˇā¤žā¤ ā¤¨ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤍āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ ⤠⤤⤠⤤⤏āĨ⤝ ⤠ā¤Ēā¤°ā¤žā¤§ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤°ā¤¸āĨ⤝ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤ā¤žā¤ĩā¤¨ā¤ž ⤠⤧ā¤ŋā¤ā¤ž ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ⤠⤍āĨ⤝āĨ⤎āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤āĨ⤎āĨ ā¤ā¤ĩāĨā¤ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨ⤪ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤°ā¤, ⤠⤍ā¤ŋ⤝ā¤ā¤¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¤ā¤žā¤āĨā¤°ā¤žā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž, ⤤āĨā¤ĒāĨ⤤ā¤ŋā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤤āĨ⤝⤰āĨā¤Ĩ⤠ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤˛ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ŧ⤠⤠ā¤ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤤āĨ⤠ā¤ļā¤āĨ⤍āĨ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ā¤¸ā¤ŋā¤ā¤¸āĨā¤ĩā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤ĨāĨā¤¯ā¤Žā¤Ēā¤ŋ ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋā¤ā¤¤ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤ā¤žā¤Ŗā¤žā¤ ā¤ā¤žā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤ĩ⤍āĨ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤žā¤āĨ ⤤⤏āĨ⤝ ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤°ā¤¸āĨ⤝ ā¤āĨ⤤āĨ ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤āĨ⤤āĨā¤ ā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ā¤¸ā¤ŋā¤ā¤Ļā¤ļā¤ž ⤠⤤āĨ⤝⤍āĨā¤¤ā¤ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¤āĨ⤤āĨā¤ĩā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨā¤Ŗā¤ž ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤ ā¤ā¤ĩ⤠⤠ā¤ā¤¤āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤ā¤žā¤ ā¤ā¤ŋā¤ļāĨ⤰⤏āĨ⤝ ā¤šā¤žā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤ ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤¨ā¤žā¤ļā¤ā¤žā¤°āĨ-⤠ā¤ĩāĨ⤧ā¤ā¤°āĨā¤Žā¤¸āĨ ⤏ā¤ā¤˛ā¤āĨā¤¨ā¤¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤žā¤ ā¤¯āĨā¤ā¤Ļā¤žā¤¨ā¤ ā¤Ļā¤žā¤¤āĨ⤠ā¤ļā¤āĨ⤍āĨā¤ĩ⤍āĨ⤤ā¤ŋāĨ¤
Keywords: ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤šāĨ⤝ā¤Ē⤰āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤ĩ⤰⤪, ā¤ā¤āĨā¤āĨā¤ā¤ā¤˛ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ,⤠⤍⤍āĨā¤āĨ⤞ā¤ĩāĨ⤝ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤°ā¤, ⤏āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ŽāĨ,⤠⤍ā¤ŋ⤝ā¤ā¤¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋā¤¤ā¤žā¤āĨā¤°ā¤žā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤žāĨ¤
Page No: 148-153
Author: Bandana Sautya & Dr. Sanchita Banerjee Roy
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080021
Abstract: āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻžāĻŦāĻĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻĒāĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻāϞā§āĻĒ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŽāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ āϏā§āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻā§ āĻāϞā§āĻĒā§āĻ āϞā§āĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§ (āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĻļāĻāĻāϰ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻā§āϝā§āĻĒāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻā§āϝā§āĻĒāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžā§) āĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻļā§āĻ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻžāϤ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ āĻĻā§āĻāύ āĻļāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻā§ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰā§ā§ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻ āĻā§āώā§āϧāĻž, āϝā§āύāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāĻŋāĻāϏā§āϰāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ âāύāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ āύāĻžāĻāĻŋāύā§â āĻāϞā§āĻĒā§ āĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻļā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĒā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāϏāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻž āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻžāĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āώāĻžāĻĒāϰāĻžā§āĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻ āĻĒāĻļā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāϤāĻžāĻā§ āϤā§āϞ⧠āϧāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§, âāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻâ āĻāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻžāϤ āĻļāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāĻāϤāĻž āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āϝā§āύ āĻā§āώā§āϧāĻž āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāϰāϤā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āϏāϤā§āϤāĻž, āϝ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻŦā§āĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻžāϞ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāύ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻā§ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦ āĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāϰāĻŖ āĻāύā§āĻŽā§āĻāύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ, āϝāĻž āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻāϤ⧠āϏā§āĻŦāϤāύā§āϤā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āϤā§āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Keywords: āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĻļāĻā§āĻāϰ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻā§āϝā§āĻĒāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžā§, āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻā§āϝā§āĻĒāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžā§, āύāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ āύāĻžāĻāĻŋāύā§, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ, āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻļā§āĻ, āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻžāϤ, āϝā§āύāϤāĻž, āĻŽāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ, āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§
Page No: 154-160
Author: Minati Sau Bhaumik & Dr. Sanchita Banerjee Roy
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080022
Abstract: āĻāύāĻŋāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻžāϰā§āϧā§, āĻāϞāĻāĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§, āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋ-āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāύāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻ āύā§āĻā§āϞ āĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻļāĻšāϰāĻāĻŋ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻ āϏāĻžāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻā§āώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāύāϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āϰā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻ āĻŦāĻā§āώāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻā§āϤāύāĻž āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĢā§āϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻ āϤā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāϧāύāĻžāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āϞ āύā§āϤā§āϝ, āϏāϏā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻšāϏāύāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āύāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻ āĻļā§āϞā§āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāύ (āϏāĻ) āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠‘āĻļāĻā§āϰ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž’āϰ āĻāϤā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻāĻā§, āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāĻ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϞāĻŋ, āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āϏāĻāĻāϤ āĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāύ, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāύāĻž ‘āύāϞ-āĻĻāĻŽāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤ⧒āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻŦā§āĻ āϏā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻā§āϰā§āϝ āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋ-āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻā§āĻ āĻļā§āϞā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāύā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāϤāĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰā§āϰ ‘āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ’-āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āϤā§āϤā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻāϞā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§, āϝāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āύāĻžāύā§āĻĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āϧāĻā§ āϰā§āĻĒ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻāĻžāĻāĻĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ ‘āύāύā§āĻĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ’-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāύāĻžāĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻā§ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ âāύāϤā§āύ āϧāϰāĻŖâ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§, āĻāϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŦāϤā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§āϤ⧠āύāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāϰāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāϤ⧠āĻ āϰā§āϧ-āĻāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§āϤ, āĻāύā§āύāϤ āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§āϤā§āϰ āϧāϰāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻļā§āϞ⧠āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Keywords: āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž, āϏāĻ, āϏāĻā§āϰ āϝāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž, āĻāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϞāĻāĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāύāϰā§āĻāĻŋ, āϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āϏāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ āϧā§āĻāϤāĻŋ, āύāĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāύ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
Page No: 161-170
Author: Dr. Sheetal Verma
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080023
Abstract:
Formative assessment has emerged as a vital component of effective teaching and learning, offering dynamic opportunities for teachers to monitor student progress, adapt instruction, and engage learners in a more personalized educational journey. Unlike summative assessments that merely evaluate learning at the end of a unit or term, formative assessment is integrated into the learning process itself, promoting a deeper understanding of content and fostering self-regulated learning. Despite growing awareness of its pedagogical value, the practical implementation of formative assessment in classroom settings presents numerous challenges.This paper explores the core barriers to translating formative assessment into routine
classroom practice, particularly within diverse and resource-constrained educational contexts. Key challenges identified include a lack of teacher training and conceptual clarity, limited time and space within rigid curriculum structures, and a school culture heavily skewed toward summative assessment and highstakes examinations. Additionally, teachers often face difficulties in designing meaningful assessment tasks, interpreting student data effectively, and providing timely, constructive feedback. These constraints are compounded by systemic issues such as inadequate professional development programs, minimal institutional support, and insufficient policy alignment at the school and district levels.The study also highlights successful examples of formative assessment integration from select schools and regions, identifying the conditions that enabled their effectivenessâsuch as strong leadership, collaborative teaching
practices, supportive assessment policies, and sustained professional learning communities. Drawing upon these findings, the paper proposes actionable recommendations for educators, school administrators, and policymakers to bridge the policy-practice gap. These include targeted teacher training modules, flexible curriculum designs, and culturally responsive assessment tools that respect local classroom realities.Ultimately, the paper argues that the successful implementation of formative assessment is not merely a matter of teacher will, but of systemic restructuring and sustained support. To realize the full potential of formative assessment, educational systems must embrace a holistic approach that prioritizes
continuous learning, reflective teaching, and student empowerment.
Keywords: Formative Assessment, Classroom Practice, Teacher Professional Development, Policy-Practice Gap, Educational Reform, Student-Centred Learning, Instructional Strategies.
Page No: 171-180
Author: Achal Shaw & Surapati Pramanik
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080024
Abstract:
For centuries, the degradation of women and prostitution have been one of the major serious problems within the patriarchal society. In her novel Woman at Point Zero, Egyptian feminist writer Nawal El Saadawi offers a profound critique of patriarchal and economic oppression. The novel Woman at Point Zero is based on Nawal El Saadawiâs encounter with Firdaus, a female prisoner awaiting execution for murder in Qanatir Prison, whom El Saadawi met while conducting research on neurosis among Egyptian women for her study Women and Neurosis in Egypt.
The story of Firdaus shows the plight of a woman – talking about the importance of financial independence as a way to control oneâs own life. El Saadawi poignantly talks about the theme of sexual assault and the world of prostitution from a middle – East common womanâs perspective.
The study utilizes the document based analytical method for conducting the research.
There is no doubt that El Saadawi aptly presents the significance of a womanâs independent life, mainly the role of financial independence, but it is too important to be emotionally independent at the same time. By using masculinist perspective in gynocriticism, this study seeks the answer of the question – how prostitution seems to be a downtrodden profession but, has similar meaning for any employer who works in different sectors.
The study presents how choosing prostitution as a means of financial independence does not merely reflect the plight of a wretched woman, but also in deep, is a revolt and revenge against patriarchal norms which shapes a woman within the stereotypes. Every human being is a prostitute as we all use our body to work and earn just the way prostitutes use their bodies in exchange for money. There exists no direct reflection of queer desire in the novel, but a critical examination reveals subtle narratives of queer possibility that emerge as forms of resistance against oppression.
Therefore, from Nawalâs Firdaus character, the study examines queer possibility and discusses how the profession of prostitution is seen from a male perspective; how it becomes a need of respect and also a state of degraded world for women. Also, the study discusses the significance of emotional independence of a woman, which is as important as her financial independence. For every woman the relation with the outside world is completely transactional. The future direction of research is also provided.
Keywords: Emancipation, Emotional Independence, Gender, Nawal El Saadawi, Prostitution, Queer, Sexuality.
Page No: 181-191
Author: āϏā§āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§ āĻŽāύā§āĻĄāϞ
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080025
Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻāĻļ): āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻā§āĻŦāύ⧠āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤā§āϰ āĻ āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻĒ āĻ āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāύ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāϤāĻž, āĻ āύā§āĻŽāĻžāύ, āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϤāϰā§āĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻžāϧāύāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāϝā§āĻ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻž āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϏāϰ⧠āĻāϏ⧠āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻĻā§āύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻā§āĻŦāύāĻāϰā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻāύ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻā§ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāύāϝā§āĻā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻāϤā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦ-āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻāύā§āĻĄ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻāϞāϤ⧠āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻŽāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϞāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϞāĻžāĻā§āĻāϞ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāϞāĻĻāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āϰāĻžāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝ āϧā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻāĨ¤
āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧā§ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻāϰ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ ā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦ āĻļā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āώ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻž āϰāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āϰāϤā§āĻŦ āĻ āύā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āώāĻŋāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻžāώāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāύāĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦ āϏā§āĻ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŦāϏāϰ, āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāύ, āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ āϏāĻŦ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ ā§ āĻāϏā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻāϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āϏāĻŦ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻ āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
Keywords(āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āĻāĻŖāĻŋāϤ, āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ, āĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻž, āϏā§-āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻĨ, āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻžāĨ¤
Page No: 192-196
Author: Swapan Kumar Sahoo & Dr. Vijay Kumar Gonekar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080026
Abstract: Coastal ecosystems of Purba Medinipur and Balasore exhibit high ecological sensitivity, yet increasing anthropogenic pressure has accelerated the degradation of native plant communities. The present study analyses the extent to which activities such as tourism expansion, fishing and aquaculture intensification, settlement growth, and land-use modification contribute to shifts in coastal vegetation structure and species composition. Results indicate a marked decline in dune-stabilizing and salt-tolerant flora, accompanied by habitat fragmentation and reduced regenerative capacity. The study underscores the need for integrated coastal zone management and conservation-oriented interventions to safeguard plant diversity in these ecologically fragile coastal environments.
Keywords: Floristic Diversity, Coastal Vegetation, Anthropogenic Impact, Land-Use Change.
Page No: 197-202
Author: āĻ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϞā§āϞā§
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080027
Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻāĻļ): āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāϤāĻĒā§āϰā§āϤāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻāύā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āϰāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻž āĻĢā§āϞā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāύā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻā§āϤ āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āϰāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻž āĻĢā§āϞā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨāϏā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒāĻĨā§ āĻĒāĻž āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāύā§āϧāύ āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻĒāĻĨā§ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŋāϤāĻž-āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻā§āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāĻāϤāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĻāϞāĻāϤāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ , āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻŦāύā§āϧā§-āĻŦāĻžāύā§āϧāĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻāύā§āϰ āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āĻĒāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ⧠āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϏāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϝāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻ āύā§āĻā§āϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĨ¤ āĻ āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§ āϰāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāύā§āύāϤ āϝāĻžāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϝā§āĻāĻžāϝā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāĻāϤāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤāϰāĻžāϞ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒ, āĻā§āώāĻŋ, āĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻžāύāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻāϏ⧠āϝā§āĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āϏ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻĒāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻāϞāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŽāύā§āĻĄāϞ āĻāϰ āύāĻžāύāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāϰ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāĻāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϞāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϰāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āϏāĻāϞ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻāĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻĢāϏāϞāĨ¤
Keywords(āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ, āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ, āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ, āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāĻŖā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ, āĻā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞāĨ¤
Page No: 203-206
Author: Sabnam Farha
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080028
Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ): āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž (Inclusive Education) āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧠āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻāϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻā§âāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰâāĻŦā§āώāĻŽā§āϝāĻšā§āύ āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āϏā§āϝā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰ⧠āϝ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻļāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻŋāĻ, āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāϤāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϞāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāϝāĻŧ; āĻŦāϰāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻāϏā§āϝāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āϏā§āϤāϰ⧠āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻāϝā§āĻā§āϝ, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻŦā§āϧā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āĻāĻžāϰāϤāϏāĻš āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϞā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻāύ⧠āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϞāϤāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦ, āĻ āύāĻŽāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āύāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻšâāĻāĻ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻžāĻā§āϰāϏā§āϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž, āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§, āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ āϏāĻžāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāĻāϤāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž, āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ āĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻļāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻāϰāĻŖā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ, āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻā§āĻāϏāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāϞā§āĻāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Keywords(āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Page No: 207-212
Author: Partha Gorai
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080029
Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ):
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ (Sustainable Development) āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ āϏā§āϤāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āϰāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻ āύā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϏāĻāĻ āĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž (SDGs) āĻāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ, āĻŦāύā§āϝāĻž, āĻāϰāĻž, āĻĻā§āώāĻŖ, āĻā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āĻŦā§āώāĻŽā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ-āϏāĻāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋ-āϰā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϏāĻŦ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻžāĻāϰāĻŋāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ, āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻŦā§āϧ, āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŦā§āϧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻŦāĻžāύā§āϧāĻŦ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ āύ⧠āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻŽā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĢā§āϞā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āĻā§āϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ āύā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻļā§āĻļāĻŦ āĻ āĻā§āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž, āϏāĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻļā§āϞāϤāĻž āĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž-āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻĻāĻā§āώāϤāĻž āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ-āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āĻāĻā§-āĻā§āϞāĻžāĻŦ, āĻŦāϰā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž, āĻāϞ āϏāĻāϰāĻā§āώāĻŖ, āϏāĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāϏ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤā§âāĻāϞāĻŽā§ āĻļā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϏā§āϝā§āĻ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻâāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻž-āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻāύā§āϤāϰā§āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§, āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻā§āϞ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻ āϰā§āĻāύ, āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻā§āĻļāϞāϏāĻŽā§āĻš āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āύā§āϤāĻŋ-āύāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻ, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ-āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ, āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĻāϞāĻŋāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
Keywords(āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ-āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āϏāĻā§āϤāύāϤāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĨ¤
Page No: 213-220
Author: Mahadeb Nandi
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080030
Abstract(āϏāĻžāϰāϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ): āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύāϞāĻā§āώā§āϝāϏāĻŽā§āĻš (Sustainable Development GoalsâSDGs) āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ, āĻāύā§āϤāĻāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻļā§āϧ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āϏāϰāĻŦāϰāĻžāĻš āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž; āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻā§āϤāύāϤāĻž, āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻŦā§āϧ, āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžâāϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻĻāĻā§āώāϤāĻž āĻ āύāĻžāĻāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻāĻļāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻā§ āϏā§āϏāĻāĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻāϏāĻ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āϤā§āϞā§āĨ¤ āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ āϝāĻĨā§āĻĒāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻāύāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻĨā§āϝ, āĻā§āώāĻŋ, āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āύāĻāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋâāϏāĻŦāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϝ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāύā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ āύāĻžāĻāϰāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ, āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž, āĻĻā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ, āĻāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦāĻļā§āϞāϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻâāĻā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰāĻā§āϞā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāĻāϤ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻļāύāĻŋāĻ āĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖâāĻā§āĻļāϞ, SDG-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāϤ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύāĻļā§āϞ āĻĻā§āĻļâāϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻâāĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻĒāĻā§ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻāϤ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻāϤāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻŦā§āώāĻŽā§āϝ āĻ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻžāϏāĻš āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻā§āĻāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠AI, IoT, āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻ āĻ āύāϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝ āĻā§āώāĻŋ, āύāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻ āύāĻāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻžāύāĨ¤ āϏāĻŦ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§, SDG āĻ āϰā§āĻāύ āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϝ āĻ āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤
Keywords(āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ): āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ (SDGs), āĻāĻāϰāĻŖāĻāϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ, āĻāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻāύ, āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻāĨ¤
Page No: 221-227
Author: Amrita Kumari
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080031
Abstract: Emotional maturity plays a crucial role in shaping studentsâ academic motivation and overall learning experience, particularly among marginalized communities. This study explores the relationship between academic motivation and emotional maturity among Scheduled Caste (SC) girls in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar primary schools. Given the socio-economic challenges faced by these students, understanding their emotional resilience and motivation levels is essential for designing effective educational interventions.The study employs a quantitative survey method, using standardized tools such as Dr. Karuna Shankar Mishraâs Academic Motivation Scale (1989) and Romapalâs Emotional Maturity Scale to assess the emotional and academic dimensions of learning. A sample of 600 SC girls from various government and private primary schools was selected through a random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hypothesis testing to determine the significance of the relationship between emotional maturity and academic motivation.Findings indicate a positive correlation between emotional maturity and academic motivation, suggesting that emotionally stable students are more engaged, resilient, and motivated to perform better in their studies. The study further highlights the influence of family environment, peer interactions, and school infrastructure on studentsâ emotional well-being and learning outcomes. Policy recommendations include strengthening emotional support systems in schools, integrating social-emotional learning (SEL) programs, and enhancing teacher training to address the unique needs of SC girls.This research contributes to the existing literature on inclusive education and social-emotional development, offering insights for educators, policymakers, and community stakeholders to improve educational access and quality for SC girls at the primary level.
Keywords: Emotional Maturity, Academic Motivation, Scheduled Caste Girls, Primary Education, Muzaffarpur, Socio-Emotional Learning, Inclusive Education, Educational Disparities, Student Engagement, Bihar.
Page No: 228-235
Author: Dr. Shyamal Das
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080032
Abstract: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (1838â1894) occupies a foundational position in the intellectual genealogy of modern Indian nationalism. Among his most enduring interventions, Bande Mataramâoriginally composed within the novel Anandamath (1882)âemerged as both a literary artefact and a political idiom that shaped nationalist imagination, mobilization, and symbolic politics. This paper examines how Bande Mataram contributed to the ideological foundations of Indian nationalism by producing a culturally resonant language of nationhood rooted in affect, devotion, sacrifice, and moral community. Drawing on textual analysis and historical contextualization, the study argues that Bankimâs nationalist discourse fused cultural revivalism with a proto-political nationalism that framed the nation as a sacred motherland, enabling the translation of civilizational identity into political consciousness. The paper situates Bankim within nineteenth-century Bengalâs reformist and revivalist milieu, exploring how colonial modernity, print culture, and Hindu cultural symbolism interacted in constructing nationalist rhetoric. It further traces the transformation of Bande Mataram from a literary hymn into a mass slogan during the Swadeshi movement (1905â1908), demonstrating its capacity to unify resistance while also generating contestations around religious imagery and inclusivity. The paper concludes that Bande Mataram was not merely a song but a conceptual tool that produced a moral-aesthetic framework for nationalism, shaping both political communication and national identity formation, while revealing tensions intrinsic to cultural nationalism in a plural society.
Keywords: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay; Bande Mataram; Indian Nationalism; Anandamath; Cultural Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; Colonial Bengal.
Page No: 236-240
