Author: Asim Mahata

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060001

Abstract: Education plays a pivotal role in transforming societies and empowering marginalized communities, particularly tribal women, who often face layers of exclusion due to gender, geography, and ethnicity. In India, tribal women experience some of the lowest literacy rates, hindered by socio-cultural norms, poverty, and inadequate infrastructure. While various government policies and grassroots interventions have aimed to improve access and outcomes, challenges persist. This study critically examines the effectiveness of government initiatives such as Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, and Eklavya Model Residential Schools, alongside local grassroots efforts. It explores their impact on literacy, enrollment, retention, and empowerment of tribal women. Using a combination of secondary data analysis and literature review, the article reveals that while policies have increased access, quality and relevance of education remain concerns. The paper argues for context-sensitive, culturally responsive, and community-driven educational strategies that go beyond access to promote holistic empowerment.

Keywords: Tribal Women, Education, Government Policy, Grassroots Interventions, Empowerment.

Page No: 1-8

Author: Prof. (Dr.) B. C. Swain

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060002

Abstract: The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and blended learning approaches has revolutionized the landscape of multidisciplinary education. This paper explores the role of ICT and blended learning in advancing multidisciplinary education, highlighting their potential to facilitate interdisciplinary connections, enhance access to diverse learning resources, and promote personalized and flexible learning experiences. The benefits of ICT and blended learning in education are numerous, including increased student engagement, improved learning outcomes, and enhanced collaboration among students and faculty. However, there are also challenges associated with the implementation of ICT and blended learning, such as addressing digital divide and accessibility issues, ensuring quality and equity, and supporting faculty development and training. This paper provides an overview of the key concepts and benefits of ICT and blended learning, discusses strategies for designing effective ICT and blended learning environments, and examines the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation. The paper concludes by highlighting the potential of ICT and blended learning to transform multidisciplinary education and promote innovation and excellence in teaching and learning

Keywords: ICT, Blended Learning, Multidisciplinary Education, Personalized Learning, Interdisciplinary Connections.

Page No: 9-17

Author: Surajit Ghorai

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060003

Abstract: The Bildungsroman, traditionally rooted in European narratives of personal growth and societal integration, is fundamentally reshaped when explored through the experiences of child soldiers in postcolonial literature. This paper investigates how the figure of the child soldier disrupts and transforms the developmental arc central to the Bildungsroman. Unlike the smooth progression toward maturity seen in traditional Western models, these narratives present fragmented journeys marked by war, displacement, trauma, and the long-lasting effects of colonial oppression. Through the analysis of key postcolonial texts, this study explores how child soldier protagonists navigate psychological disintegration, moral ambiguity, and complex identity formation. Authors utilize narrative techniques such as fragmented structures, unreliable narrators, and linguistic hybridity to depict these characters’ fractured realities. The paper also delves into ethical concerns surrounding the portrayal of extreme violence and suffering, and underscores the postcolonial Bildungsroman’s capacity to give voice to marginalized experiences while redefining global literary discourse. This study emphasizes the genre’s adaptation to the complexities of postcolonial trauma and the urgent need for global accountability in addressing the plight of child soldiers.

Keywords: Bildungsroman, Child Soldiers, Postcolonial Literature, Trauma, Identity Formation.

Page No: 18-24

Author: Mr. K. Arulmani & Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060004

Abstract: The study focused upon higher secondary level students’ study habits and their academic achievement. Study habits play a major role in individual’s academic achievement at schools. Academic achievement is the outcome of learning. Here, the investigator has adapted a normative survey method. A sample of 228 eleventh standard students was selected by using a simple random sample technique in the study. The study revealed that significant difference was found in the study habits and academic achievement mean scores in respect of their background variables gender and locale. Significant and positive relationship was also found between study habits and academic achievement among eleventh standard students.

Keywords: Study Habits, Normative Survey, Continuous Assessment And Academic Achievement.

Page No: 25-33

Author: Madhuchhanda Maity & Dr. Abha Kumari

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060005

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, multifaceted metabolic disorder that has emerged as one of the most pressing global public health challenges of the 21st century. Characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to either the body’s inability to produce insulin or its ineffective utilization, DM significantly impairs physiological, psychological, and socio-economic well-being. This research article presents a comprehensive descriptive analysis of the types of diabetes—Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes— along with their underlying causes, risk factors, and widespread health consequences. Drawing on global health data and clinical research, the article also explores the pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle-related influences that contribute to the development of DM. Particular emphasis is given to the long-term complications such as cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and mental health impacts. Additionally, the study addresses current strategies in prevention, diagnosis, and disease management, emphasizing the need for multi-sectoral interventions. The paper concludes by advocating for greater awareness, policy reform, community-based initiatives, and integrated care models to mitigate the burden of diabetes worldwide.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, Chronic Disease, Global Health.

Page No: 34-39

Author: Kalyani Jana & Dr. Abha Kumari

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060006

Abstract: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is one of the most widespread nutritional disorders globally, disproportionately affecting women, children, and individuals in low- and middle-income countries. This condition arises when the body’s iron stores are insufficient to meet physiological needs, leading to reduced hemoglobin production and impaired oxygen transport. The impacts of IDA extend beyond fatigue and physical weakness, contributing to decreased cognitive function, weakened immunity, increased maternal and neonatal mortality, and diminished productivity. The study explores the multifaceted causes of IDA— including poor dietary intake, parasitic infections, menstruation-related blood loss, and socio-economic barriers—and evaluates its broader implications for public health and national development. It also analyzes the prevalence patterns across different vulnerable groups and highlights the effectiveness of intervention strategies such as iron supplementation, food fortification, and nutrition education. By drawing on global and national data, this research emphasizes the urgent need for integrated health policies, targeted nutritional programs, and community-based solutions to combat IDA. Ultimately, addressing iron deficiency is critical not only for improving individual well-being but also for advancing gender equity, educational achievement, and economic growth.

Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Public Health, Nutrition, Maternal Health, Cognitive Development.

Page No: 40-46

Author: Murugaraju P & Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060007

Abstract: The student’s capacity for critical mathematical thinking is still quite limited. The switch from face-to-face instruction to online instruction in this instance is one of the contributing factors. Applying interactive multimedia-based learning is one way to combat this problem. This study evaluated the effectiveness of using multimedia technology to learn and teach mathematics in secondary schools. It was conducted in both private and public secondary schools in various regions. This study analysed the proficiency and engagement of secondary school students in learning mathematics after using multimedia courseware. This study aims to provide the idea and methodology for developing adaptive multimedia courseware based on multiple intelligence theory for a secondary school in learning and teaching mathematics. The utilization of multimedia technology in the classroom had a significant impact on the student’s interest and performance in mathematics. Then, gauge how the use of interactive multimedia courseware is received by the students. Experts and practitioners should evaluate the viability of interactive multimedia courseware. Experts, educators, and students all participated in its research and development. A total of 481 surveys with expert validation sheets, teacher questionnaires, and student questionnaires are used to gather data from secondary school pupils. Data was gathered to answer the research questions using a pre-test, post-test, and customised questionnaire. Consequently, they were evaluated using descriptive statistical methods that included mean and percentage calculations. A t-test and an analysis of covariance were used to analyse the collected data. The software SPSS is used to analyse this work. It demonstrates that multimedia has a favourable effect on students’ achievement and proficiency in mathematics. The study found that using multimedia in the classroom improved students’ aptitude for solving mathematical problems. It is recommended that students should be actively involved in their education by regularly utilizing multimedia courseware that is pertinent and meaningful to them regularly.

Keywords: Multimedia Courseware, Secondary Level Students, Learning Mathematics and Students Proficiency.

Page No: 47-64

Author: Shiuli Mishra Dikshit

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060008

Abstract: This article examines the philosophical and epistemological arguments that support belief in the existence of God. In a cultural context increasingly influenced by secularism, scientific materialism, and skepticism, theistic belief is often portrayed as irrational or outdated. This study challenges that perception by exploring key rational arguments—including the cosmological, teleological, moral, and ontological arguments—as defended by classical and contemporary thinkers like Aquinas, Plantinga, Craig, and Collins. It also considers epistemological approaches such as Alvin Plantinga’s Reformed Epistemology, which asserts that belief in God can be “properly basic” and justified without empirical proof. Furthermore, the study addresses major objections, including the problem of evil and the critique from scientific naturalism, to evaluate the coherence of theistic belief within rational discourse. Ultimately, this research aims to demonstrate that faith and reason are not mutually exclusive but can mutually reinforce a comprehensive and intellectually viable worldview. By bridging the gap between logic and belief, the study affirms the continued relevance and rational defensibility of theism in contemporary thought.

Keywords: Theism, Rational Belief, Cosmological Argument, Faith and Reason, Reformed Epistemology.

Page No: 65-71

Author: P. Susai Raj & Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060009

Abstract: This study assesses the impact of emotional intelligence intervention on the attitude towards chemistry of higher secondary school students. Through simple random sampling, a convenience sample of forty students was selected and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=20) or a control group (n=20). The experiment leveraged the ATCLS for measuring attitude towards chemistry to measure student’s attitudes using the scale prior to intervention and post engagement with the program. The control group followed the standard curriculum without any intervention whereas the experimental group underwent an Emotional Intelligence Intervention Program for 8 consecutive weeks.

From the analyses conducted after the interventions, it was observed that the experimental group exhibited a marked improvement in their attitudes towards chemistry that was statistically significant when contrasted with the control group. The independent t-tests and ANOVA also revealed large effect sizes (t = 3.442, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.001; F(1, 38) = 11.849, p < 0.01). These results strongly support the proposed hypothesis that emotional intelligence intervention enhances children’s attitude towards the subject and supports the argument that emotional intelligence interventions enhances attitude and engagement with the subject of chemistry.

Keywords: Students’ Attitude Towards Chemistry, Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Higher Secondary Level.

Page No: 72-81

Author: Biswajit Bakly

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/030600010

Abstract: This study investigates the seasonal diversity and spatial distribution of finfish in the Dulung River, Jhargram District, West Bengal, India. Finfish play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems and are significant for local livelihoods. The aims to establish baseline data on the ichthyofaunal composition and how it varies across seasons and different sections of the river. Fish sampling will be conducted across all four seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon, winter, and pre-monsoon) at multiple designated sampling stations along the Dulung River using various fishing gears. Collected specimens will be identified to species level, and data on their abundance, biomass, and spatial occurrence will be recorded. Concurrently, key physico-chemical parameters of the water (e.g., temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity) will be measured to assess their influence on fish communities. The collected data will be analyzed using standard ecological indices such as Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s diversity index, species richness, and Pielou’s evenness to quantify seasonal variations in diversity. Spatial distribution patterns will be examined to identify areas of higher biodiversity or specific species aggregations. The findings of this study are expected to provide comprehensive insights into the ecological health of the Dulung River, highlight potential threats to finfish populations, and serve as a valuable resource for developing effective strategies and sustainable management practices for the aquatic biodiversity of the region.

Keywords: Seasonal Diversity, Finfish, Ecosystem, Specimen, Key Physico-Chemical, Turbidity, Conservation.

Page No: 82-112

Author: Minati Sau Bhaumik

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/030600011

Abstract: যাত্রাগান সুদীর্ঘকাল ব্যাপী বাংলার যাত্রাপালায় যাত্রার প্রাণ অর্থাৎ কেন্দ্রীয় আকর্ষণ হিসেবে বিবেচিত হয়ে এসেছে। নীলকণ্ঠ মুখোপাধ্যায়, ব্রজমোহন রায়, রসিকলাল চক্রবর্তী, মুকুন্দদাস, গোবিন্দ অধিকারী, কৃষ্ণকমল গোস্বামী, নীলকণ্ঠ মুখোপাধ্যায় প্রমুখেরা কবিগানের প্রভাবে অশ্লীলতার অভিযোগে বিপন্ন যাত্রাকে পুনরায় জনপ্রিয় করে তোলার কাজে সাফল্য পেয়েছিলেন। শ্রোতাদের চাহিদা পূরণের জন্য উনিশ শতকের দ্বিতীয়ার্ধে ‘খেমটা’ নাচের সঙ্গে চটুল ও হালকা সুরের গান ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। মদনমোহন চট্টোপাধ্যায়, মতিলাল রায়, ব্রজেন্দ্রকুমার দে, ব্রজমোহন রায়, মুকুন্দ দাস, উৎপল দত্ত, শৈলেশ গুহনিয়োগী প্রমুখ যাত্রাশিল্পীর হাত ধরে উনিশ শতকের শেষার্ধ থেকে পুরো বিশ শতক জুড়ে বাংলা যাত্রার গানে বহু ধরনের পরীক্ষানিরীক্ষা করা হয়েছে, গান রচনায় কাব্যগুণের কত বিচিত্র সমাহার ঘটেছে। বর্তমান শতাব্দীতে প্রায় সূচনা কাল থেকেই হিন্দি-বাংলা চলচ্চিত্রের বিভিন্ন গানের ব্যবহার এতটা তীব্রভাবে দেখা দিয়েছে যে, মৌলিক যাত্রাগানের চর্চা বিলুপ্তির পথে হারিয়ে যেতে বসেছে।

Keywords: যাত্রা, যাত্রাপালা, যাত্রাগান, যাত্রা সঙ্গীত

Page No: 113-124

Author: Bandana Sautya

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/030600012

Abstract: রবীন্দ্রনাথের গল্পসমুদ্রে সুভা গল্পের সুভা ও দৃষ্টিদান গল্পের কুমু চরিত্রদুটি শারীরিকভাবে প্রতিবন্ধী। তারাই এই গল্পদুটির মুখ্য চরিত্র। সুভা কথা বলতে পারে না অর্থাৎ মূক বা বোবা, সকলে মনে করে তার কোনো অনুভূতি নেই। সে সমাজের মূল স্রোত থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন। তার এই শারীরিক প্রতিবন্ধকতা তাকে একাকী করে তোলে। সুভার একাকিত্ব ঘোচানোর প্রধান উপায় ছিল প্রকৃতির সান্নিধ্যে আসা। নদী, গাছপালা, পশু-পাখি- এদের সাথেই সে তার মনের ভাব আদান প্রদান করত। প্রতিবেশী প্রতাপের প্রতি তার একমুখী টান ছিল। যুবতী সুভার প্রতিবন্ধিতা লুকিয়ে কলকাতায় বিবাহ দেওয়ার পর সত্যতা প্রকাশিত হলে স্বামী তাকে ত্যাগ করে ও তার জীবনে ট্রাজেডি নেমে আসে। কুমুর অল্প চোখের জ্যোতি থাকলেও ডাক্তার স্বামীর ভুল চিকিৎসায় ধীরে ধীরে পুরো অন্ধ হয়ে যায়। অনুভব করে তার দৃষ্টি ইন্দ্রিয় নিষ্ক্রিয় হয়ে যাবার পর অন্যান্য ইন্দ্রিয়গুলি অধিক সক্রিয় হয়ে উঠেছে। স্বামীর কারণে অন্ধত্ব এলেও সে স্বামীকে কোনোভাবে দোষারোপ না করে স্বামীরই পক্ষ নেয়। প্রথমে সতীনে আপত্তি নেই বললেও পরবর্তীতে স্বামী অন্য নারীতে আসক্ত হয়ে দ্বিতীয় বিবাহে উদ্যোগী হলেও মেনে নিতে পারেনা। তার অন্তর্দৃষ্টির প্রখরতা বহির্দৃষ্টির অন্ধকারকে দূরীভূত করে আশার আলোক প্রজ্জ্বলিত করে।

Keywords: রবীন্দ্রনাথ, ছোটগল্প, প্রতিবন্ধী, সুভা, কুমু

Page No: 125-136

Author: ড. শর্মিলা দাশ

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060013

Abstract: নারীর ক্ষমতায়ন হল নারীদের নিজেদের জীবনের উপর নিয়ন্ত্রণ অর্জন করতে, তাদের সম্ভাবনাগুলি উপলব্ধি করতে এবং সমাজের উন্নয়নে অবদান রাখতে সহায়তা করার একটি প্রক্রিয়া। বর্তমান কালে ‘নারীর ক্ষমতায়ন’ জাতীয় তথা আন্তর্জাতিক স্তরে বিশেষ চর্চিত একটি বিষয়। বর্তমানে ভারতীয় নারীরা শিক্ষা, ক্রীড়া, রাজনীতি, গণমাধ্যম, শিল্প ও সংস্কৃতি, সেবা, বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তি প্রভৃতি বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্রে সম্পূর্ণরূপে অংশগ্রহণ করছেন। সকল ক্ষেত্রেই তাদের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা উত্তরোত্তর বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে। অনুরূপভাবে ভারতীয় স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামের ইতিহাসে নারীদের অবদানের কথা উল্লেখ না করলে অসম্পূর্ণ থাকবে। স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামের ইতিহাস নারীদের ত্যাগ, নিঃস্বার্থতা, সাহসিকতার কাহিনীতে পরিপূর্ণ। আমরা অনেকেই জানি না যে শত শত নারী তাদের পুরুষ সহকর্মীদের সাথে কাঁধে কাঁধ মিলিয়ে লড়াই করেছিলেন। ভারতীয় নারীরা বিভিন্ন বিধিনিষেধ ভেঙে তাদের ঐতিহ্যবাহী গৃহ-কেন্দ্রিক ভূমিকা এবং দায়িত্ব থেকে বেরিয়ে এসেছিলেন। স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রাম এবং জাতীয় জাগরণে নারীদের অংশগ্রহণ অবিশ্বাস্য এবং প্রশংসনীয়।

এরকমই এক উল্লেখযোগ্য নাম – বাংলার মহিলা  বিপ্লবী, ননীবালা দেবী। যে সময় নারীরা অন্তঃপুর চারিণী, রান্নাবান্না, সন্তান প্রসব ও স্বামীর দেখাশোনা করাই  যাদের একমাত্র কাজ, সেই সময় ঘরের বাইরে এসে চরম দুঃসাহসিকতার পরিচয় দিয়েছেন ও বিপ্লবীদের সর্বতোভাবে সহযোগিতা করেছেন, গ্রেপ্তার বরণ করে চরম অত্যাচার ও দুর্দশা ভোগ করেছেন। এইভাবে, নারীর ক্ষমতায়ন ও ভারতের স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলন একে অপরের সাথে অঙ্গাঙ্গীভাবে জড়িত। ভারতীয় নারীরা তাঁদের আত্মত্যাগ ও সংগ্রামের মাধ্যমে স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনে এক নতুন দিগন্ত উন্মোচন করেছিলেন।

Keywords: নারী ক্ষমতায়ন, ভারতবর্ষ, স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রাম, বাংলা, মহিলা, বিপ্লবী।

Page No: 137-143

Author: Madhurima Pradhan & Dr. Abha Kumari

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060014

Abstract: Understanding the food choices of children is essential for promoting lifelong healthy eating habits and addressing rising concerns related to childhood nutrition. This study, titled “Understanding Food Choices in Childhood: A Study of School-Going Children’s Preferences”, explores the dietary preferences and influencing factors among children aged 10–14 years. Using a sample of 100 students, the research analyzes their inclination toward various food categories—such as fast foods, fruits, vegetables, dairy, and processed snacks—while also examining the role of parental behavior, socio-economic status, media exposure, and school environment. The data reveals that parental influence on children’s food preferences is multifaceted, combining both positive and negative practices. The data shows that food preferences in children are shaped by a complex interplay of external and internal factors, with media influence and socio-economic status being the most significant. The study suggests a positive trend, indicating that parental modeling of healthy eating habits may influence children’s choices. The study underscores the need for collaborative efforts between parents, educators, and policymakers to instill healthy food habits early in life. Strengthening nutritional education, regulating food marketing to children, and ensuring access to wholesome foods are critical steps toward improving child health outcomes.

Keywords: Food Preferences, Childhood Nutrition, Parental Influence, School Environment, Media Exposure, Socio-Economic Factors.

Page No: 144-150

Author: Manikandan Rajangam & Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060015

Abstract: The study identifies psychological elements that influence students’ mathematical performance. A pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Using a factorial matrix, the quasi-experimental design was utilized to compare the treatment’s (at two levels) scores crossed with gender (at two levels). One intact class was chosen using simple random sampling. The results show a strong positive correlation between mathematics achievement and teacher effectiveness. Students’ learning outcomes in mathematics were significantly impacted by teachers who displayed excellent instructional quality, exhibited good pedagogical content understanding, and managed their classes effectively. The study also showed that the use of online learning on mathematics achievement had a favorable impact on students’ performance. Online classrooms enabled engaging debates, group problem solving and individualized learning experiences, which contributed to improved mathematics performance.

Keywords: Online Learning, Higher Secondary students, Mathematics and Achievement

Page No: 151-161

Author: Mr. Rupam Narayan Chattopadhyay

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060016

Abstract: In a rapidly evolving global environment marked by technological breakthroughs, socio-economic upheavals, and changing geopolitical dynamics, the ability to manage change has become indispensable. Today, individuals are not only expected to possess technical expertise but also to demonstrate emotional and psychological flexibility. Amidst these shifting paradigms, two competencies—adaptability and resilience—emerge as fundamental attributes for enduring success.

Adaptability allows individuals to respond effectively to change, while resilience enables them to recover and learn from adversity. In both educational and professional contexts, these traits serve as powerful tools that promote growth, innovation, and sustainability. This paper aims to examine the conceptual underpinnings, practical applications, and developmental strategies for adaptability and resilience. By doing so, it highlights their pivotal role in cultivating individuals capable of navigating the complexities of the 21st century.

Keywords: Adaptability, Resilience, Global Environment, Education, Artificial Intelligence.

Page No: 162-166

Author: Syeda Kauser Fatima, Dr. A. Tholappan, Dr. K. Anandan & Dr. S. Ashour

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060017

Abstract: In the course of human life, encountering and resolving problems is inevitable. Each time an individual successfully tackles a problem, they experience a sense of accomplishment, which shapes their unique problem-solving approach. This study aims to explore the relationship between Secondary School Students’ (SSS) cognitive styles and their problem-solving skills. Employing a correlational methodology, the research delves into how individual differences in cognitive style preferences may impact students’ problem-solving abilities. Jha (1983) designed the Cognitive Style Inventory, a tool used to assess various cognitive styles, including analytical, intuitive, and practical cognitive styles. Additionally, the Problem-Solving Ability (PSA) Test, developed by Dubey (2008), is employed to measure students’ problem-solving skills. The study also considers students’ academic achievement records to investigate potential links between cognitive style, problem-solving skills, and academic success. This study’s outcomes shed light on the interplay between problem-solving approaches and cognitive style proficiency within the context of secondary education. The findings hold the potential to aid educators and policymakers in gaining a deeper understanding of how cognitive style preferences influence students’ problem-solving capabilities. Armed with this knowledge, they can devise tailored lesson plans and curricula that cater to diverse learning preferences. The complete square sum with 199 degrees of freedom totals 6110.195, leading to the computation of the F-statistic (2.348) in the ANOVA by dividing the mean square of the regression by the mean square of the residual. Armed with an understanding of cognitive style patterns that enhance problem-solving skills, teachers can effectively support students in honing their problem-solving abilities, ultimately contributing to improved academic achievement. This study bears significant implications for educational practices, emphasizing the importance of factoring in cognitive style when fostering students’ problem-solving capabilities and academic success in secondary schools.

Keywords: Cognitive Style, Problem-Solving Ability, Correlative Study, Secondary School Students, Rural and Urban, Integrated and Split-Style.

Page No: 167-184

Author: Ms. Riya Sarkar & Dr. Silali Banerjee

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060018

Abstract: Play is a natural instinct in children. Play promotes the development of physical, cognitive, and emotional skills and has proven to be an effective medium for learning. It makes learning more meaningful

Mathematics plays a vital role in day to day life. Children with Mild Intellectual Disability (CwMID) often face challenges in problem solving and mathematical concepts. To develop mathematical concept play-based hands-on activities and concrete learning experiences are more effective. It helps to develop analytical thinking.

This study explores the impact of play-based interventions on the development of problem solving as well as basic math skills among children with MID in the West Tripura district. The research followed a Single Group Pre-Test and Post-Test Design, an experimental approach, involving five children aged 7–10 years, selected through purposive sampling. With the assistant of three Indian standardized checklists 13 items were finalized after the validation for the study. A pilot test was conducted with two children, followed by a pre-test with all five participants to assess their initial math skills.

The intervention consisted of three play-based activities: “Magical Stars (Less and More Play)”, “Lets add some fun with game”, and “Counting challenge”. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics

The results indicated a noticeable improvement and it demonstrates that play-based learning positively influences the development in problem solving skills and also mathematical skills among the Children with Mild ID. These findings are supported by existing literature, including the study by Rathnakumar, D. (2020).

Keywords: Learning, Problem Solving Skills, Children, Tripura District, Development.

Page No: 185-190

Author: Urbi Utthasani

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060019

Abstract: This research project examines the representation of femininity in Indian mythology through the lens of contemporary Indian fiction. By analyzing the portrayal of female protagonists in select literary texts, this study aims to uncover the complexities of Indian womanhood and its intersection with mythology, culture, and society

Drawing from postcolonial and feminist theoretical frameworks, this research investigates how contemporary Indian fiction challenges, subverts, or reinforces traditional mythological narratives of femininity. The study explores themes such as:

– The reclamation of divine feminine archetypes in Indian mythology.

-The negotiation of patriarchal norms and cultural expectations.

– The intersectionality of gender, caste, and class in shaping female experiences.

-The tension between tradition and modernity in contemporary Indian womanhood.

Through a critical analysis of literary texts, this research demonstrates how contemporary Indian fiction provides a powerful platform for reimagining and redefining femininity in Indian mythology. By centering the voices and experiences of women, these texts challenge dominant narratives and offer alternative perspectives on Indian womanhood

Keywords: Indian Mythology, Femininity, Contemporary Indian Fiction, Female Protagonists, Gender Studies, Indian Womanhood, Patriarchy, Intersectionality, Hindu Mythology.

Page No: 191-196

Author: Mr. Kedar Kumar Barik & Professor Devendra Nath Behera

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060020

Abstract: The study has been carried out to examine the relationships among playing ability variables, including general fundamental skill, evasion skill, tackling and defensive skill, and offensive skill, in adult sports participants and to analyze the associations between general motor ability parameters (speed, muscular strength, agility, explosive strength, and cardiovascular endurance) and various playing ability variables. A total of 60 participants (N = 60) were randomly selected for the study, with all subjects screened to ensure they were physically fit for the assessments. The study measured playing ability variables, including general fundamental skill, evasion skill, tackling and defensive skill, and offensive skill, alongside general motor abilities such as speed, muscular strength, agility, explosive strength, and cardiovascular endurance. Data collection was conducted in a controlled environment under the supervision of trained professionals, using standardized testing procedures across multiple sessions to reduce fatigue and ensure accuracy. Statistical analysis involved calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) to evaluate the strength and direction of relationships between variables, with significance levels set at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. General motor abilities such as speed and cardiovascular endurance showed significant correlations with playing skills, whereas agility and explosive strength showed weaker associations. The findings highlight the importance of fundamental and motor skills in explaining variations in playing performance.

Keywords: Playing Ability, General Motor Skills, Adult, Sports Participants.

Page No: 197-202

Author: Dr. Shubhra Nath

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060021

Abstract: Teacher education is an integral component of the Indian educational system. It is a programme that is related to the development of teacher proficiency and competence that would enable and empower the teacher to meet the requirements of the profession and face the challenges therein. To quote Goods Dictionary of Education, teacher education means, ―”All the formal and non-formal activities and experiences that help to qualify a person to assume responsibilities of a member of the educational profession or to discharge his responsibilities more effectively”. The main key functionaries of any educational infrastructure are the teachers. Without the teachers an educational institution cannot function at all. Hence it can be said that the teachers are the livers of any educational institutions who make the functioning of any institutions possible. Now, if we study the history of teacher education it is found that it is a matter of pride that during the ancient period, the teachers were treated as ‘God’ like figure in the Gurukul system of education. Teachers were so highly honoured that even the kings rose from their thrones to receive great teachers. But with the passage of time, the position of teachers in the society has been deteriorating. With a view to find out the major drawbacks of present teacher education system in the light of time, length and designing of curriculum; and also to find out the reasons of not achieving the desired goal, the researcher worked on the said topic. In the present study, the researcher will adopt the documentary analysis method and interpret the data in the light of his/her own experience.

Keywords: Teacher Education, Gurukul System of Education, Integral Component, Teacher Proficiency.

Page No: 203-207

Author: Nupur Sinha

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060022

Abstract: Mathematics has historically functioned not only as a language for the sciences but also as a self-reflective discipline capable of transforming itself. This article explores how core areas of mathematics—arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, logic, and number theory—have each contributed fundamentally to the advancement of mathematics itself. Through an interdisciplinary review of mathematical developments from antiquity to the digital age, this study underscores how mathematics, by scrutinizing its own foundations, revising its axioms, and expanding its structures, has evolved dynamically. The reflections of mathematical thought are evident in paradigm shifts such as the formalization of calculus, the invention of non-Euclidean geometry, Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, and the abstraction in modern algebra. These self-referential advancements exemplify mathematics as an organic and recursive intellectual pursuit.

Keywords: Mathematics—Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Calculus, Logic, Number Theory

Page No: 208-212

Author: Shubham Deep

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060023

Abstract: The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017 marked a watershed moment in India’s fiscal federalism. While it aimed to simplify the indirect tax structure and enhance revenue efficiency, the post-GST era has ushered in a new set of challenges in central government financing. This research article critically examines the evolving landscape of central government finance in the post-GST regime by analyzing trends in revenue generation, expenditure patterns, compensation mechanisms to states, and the implications for fiscal autonomy. The study also highlights emerging issues and challenges, such as revenue shortfalls, compensation cess uncertainties, and intergovernmental tensions. Through a review of government data, finance commission reports, and scholarly analyses, the article provides a nuanced understanding of India’s central financial administration in the wake of GST.

Keywords: Central Govt. Financing, Revenue, GST, Trends, Challenges.

Page No: 213-218

Author: Soummyadip Mandal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060024

Abstract: In the rapidly evolving domain of contemporary sports, financial management has become a critical determinant of sustainability, growth, and performance. This study explores the role of Strategic Financial Management (SFM) in sports programs across various levels, including grassroots, institutional, and professional settings. The paper examines key challenges such as limited funding, inadequate financial literacy, irregular revenue streams, and ineffective budget planning that hinder the efficient operation of sports organizations. It further investigates how global economic fluctuations, digitalization, and market competition intensify the need for agile and strategic financial responses. In addition to identifying the constraints, the study highlights opportunities for improvement through innovative practices such as diversified funding, public-private partnerships, and the use of financial technology. The research underscores the importance of aligning financial strategies with organizational goals to ensure long-term stability and competitive advantage. Ultimately, the findings provide valuable insights for sports administrators, policymakers, and stakeholders to adopt forward-looking financial strategies that foster resilience, inclusivity, and sustainable development in the sports sector.

Keywords: Strategic Financial Management, Sports Programs, Financial Sustainability, Budget Planning, Sports Administration.

Page No: 219-224

Author: Sourav Maity

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060025

Abstract: This study critically examines the unintended societal consequences of modern education systems, focusing on their role in fostering social isolation, weakening interpersonal relationships, and contributing to the fragmentation of community life. While contemporary education emphasizes academic excellence, technological integration, and individual achievement, it often neglects the importance of social connectedness and communal learning. The shift toward standardized testing, competitive environments, and digital platforms has transformed schools into spaces that prioritize performance over meaningful interaction. This research explores how these systemic changes affect students’ mental health, reduce opportunities for collaboration, and erode the traditional role of schools as centers of community building. It also addresses the widening social and cultural divides caused by unequal access to educational resources and technology. By highlighting these issues, the study calls for educational reform that emphasizes social emotional learning, inclusivity, and the reintegration of community values into the classroom. Ultimately, it advocates for a more holistic approach to education—one that prepares individuals not only for academic and professional success but also for active, connected participation in society.

Keywords: Modern Education Systems, Social Isolation, Community Fragmentation, Interpersonal Relationships.

Page No: 225-229

Author: B. Channakeshava, Dr. A. Tholappan, Dr. K. Anandan & Dr. A. Srinivasacharlu

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060026

Abstract: Present study attempts to understand the study habits of Bachelor in Education (B.Ed) students. Being students of a professional course, they must study regularly to understand teaching theories and practice them during internship to acquire the basic skills required of a teacher. The study employed quantitative approach to understand the differences among B.Ed students study habits based on their demographic variables. Researchers surveyed 598 B.Ed students through convenient sampling technique. The present study aimed to investigate the variation in B.Ed students’ study habits based on their demographic characteristics such as gender, locality, marital status, subject streams, and type of college. The study administered study habit survey questionnaire along with the participants’ demographic proforma. The findings revealed that their study habit did not significantly differed in any of the demographic characteristics such as gender, locality, marital status, subject streams, and type of college. Study recommends qualitative inquiry to understand the variation in study habits among B.Ed students with varied demographic characteristics.

Keywords: Study Habits, Study Routines, Study Anxiety, Perceived Study Habit.

Page No: 230-238