Author: Dr. Pankaj Chatterjee & Prof. (Dr.) Santanu Biswas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110001
Abstract: There is a great debate worldwide among academicians regarding socio-economic differences that affect e-learning attitudes. In light of the knowledge gap, this research sets out to investigate how economic determinants overlay with cultural factors in e-learning environments where relied cannot physically be on present peers acting as teachers. Socio-economic background is associated with access to technology, digital literacy and the quality of home learning environments that affects greatly students’ participation in online education. In sum, this research contributes to the literature on financial and other socio-economic variables that influence e-learning access and outcomes by investigating more detailed aspects of economic disparity. The report examines the role of digital resources in creating uneven learning opportunities for students from various socioeconomic backgrounds. The study also investigates how cultural diversity interacts with socio-economic status in determining students’ opinions concerning the relevance, accessibility and value of E-learning. The research thus intends to systematically explore resilience factors and effective strategies of students across a range of SES- backgrounds, which would be valuable for informing policies and practices associated with ensuring equitable access to digital education. The study adopts main ling qualitative methods of content analysis and is enriched with a type richness to bring more valuable insights about students in E-learning experiments. The overall purpose of this study is to inform evidence-based recommendations for improved support structures, policy interventions and educational practices that encourage E-learning with equity in mind-to reach all students regardless of socio-economic background.
Keywords: E-learning,Digital Education,Student Attitudes,Socio-economic background,Educational disparities.
Page No: 1-12
Author: Dr. Samir Chattopadhyay & Dr. Santanu Biswas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110002
Abstract: There have been tremendous shifts in many important areas of society throughout the past few decades, and education is only one of them. The Indian Union Cabinet gave its approval to the National Education Policy (NEP) on July 28, 2020. It guides the country’s educational reform initiatives and is comprehensive and far-reaching. The first education policy of the new century addresses the rising tide of worry about the pace of economic development in our nation. There has to be a complete overhaul of the educational system, including all of its governing and regulatory components, if it is to realise its ambitious goals in the contemporary day. Equal access to high-quality educational opportunities should be extended to all individuals, whatever their gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, or any other legally protected characteristic. Many key players need to work together for this to materialise. The field of public education is seeing a sea shift with this development. With the change from chalkboards to whiteboards and from reading printed texts to digital ones, the study delves into the fundamental changes in the current system, both pedagogically and structurally, and how policies can help students improve their digital literacy. In addition, the article discusses possible problems that can arise during implementation and suggests ways to fix them.
Keywords: National Education Policy, School Education, Structure, Pedagogy, Digital Education.
Page No: 13-26
Author: Dr. Santanu Biswas1 Dr. Samir Chattopadhyay2
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110003
Abstract: There are advantages and disadvantages to using digital pedagogy in high school classrooms because of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. We used content analysis as our main tool to investigate how high school pupils may benefit from digital pedagogy in the classroom. Digital classroom resources, instructor lesson plans, student assignments, and comments on digital learning experiences were among the many types of data systematically examined and interpreted in this qualitative research technique. The research set out to discover trends, patterns, and themes in the use and efficacy of digital pedagogies by examining these forms of information. Through this strategy, we were able to fully grasp the effects of gamification on students’ critical thinking and engagement, as well as the various digital teaching approaches’ contributions to their academic achievement. The study’s content analysis shed light on the benefits and drawbacks of digital pedagogy and offered suggestions for improving educational methods based on data. This research looked at how digital pedagogy affected high school students’ education and how it may improve their chances of getting the information they need, being actively involved in their own learning, and developing their critical thinking abilities. The successful use of digital pedagogy is hindered by social isolation, digital literacy gaps, and unequal access to technology. To ensure that high school students are adequately prepared for life beyond high school in the digital age, it is crucial to address these difficulties and make the most of digital pedagogy in order to create inclusive, engaging, and successful learning environments.
Keywords: Digital pedagogies,Pandemic,High school students,Academic success,online learning.
Page No: 27-41
Author: Dr.KoomkoomKhawas & Dr.NiluKumari & Dr.Amardeep Sinha
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110004
Abstract: The atomic structure forms the cornerstone of modern science, bridging disciplines from chemistry and physics to material science and quantum computing. This review traces the historical evolution of atomic theories, from ancient philosophical conjectures to the development of quantum mechanical models. Key contributions by pioneering scientists, such as Dalton, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrödinger, are revisited to highlight their impact on contemporary understanding. The paper explores experimental breakthroughs, including spectroscopy and advanced imaging techniques, that have refined our knowledge of atomic arrangements and interactions. Applications of atomic structure in diverse fields, such as material science and nuclear energy, are discussed, alongside challenges in modeling subatomic particles and forces. Finally, the review outlines emerging directions in atomic structure research, emphasizing the potential of artificial intelligence and nanotechnology in unlocking new scientific frontiers.
Keywords: Quantum Mechanics; Subatomic Particles; Spectroscopy; Schrödinger Equation; Nanotechnology.
Page No: 42-50
Author: Dr. Jayashree Sinha & Dr. Amardeep Sinha & Dr. Koomkoom Khawas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110005
Abstract: Mathematics plays an integral role in understanding and quantifying energy changes in chemical reactions. This article delves into mathematical methods, particularly linear algebra, that underpins the analysis of chemical kinetics and energy transformations. It emphasizes the application of stoichiometry, mass conservation laws, and rate equations to evaluate reaction rates and predict feasible reaction pathways. The discussion highlights Bowen’s contributions to mathematically describing chemical reactions, using conservation principles to identify independent reactions in a mixture. Theoretical concepts such as enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and activation energy are explored, alongside practical applications in thermodynamics, biochemistry, and industrial kinetics. For instance, energy calculations aid in optimizing catalytic processes, analyzing metabolic pathways, and enhancing reaction efficiencies. These mathematical approaches bridge experimental observations with theoretical models, enabling a deeper understanding of chemical processes and their energy dynamics. By incorporating rigorous mathematical frameworks, the study advocates for a broader adoption of these methods in chemical research and engineering. This comprehensive perspective illustrates how integrating mathematics with chemistry not only enhances precision but also opens avenues for innovation in scientific and industrial applications.
Keywords: kinetics, reaction rate, independent reactions, dimensionality reduction, stoichiometry.
Page No: 51-60
Author: Dr.Amardeep Sinha & Dr. Narayan Kumar & Dr.Koomkoom Khawas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110006
Abstract: Nuclear chemistry has emerged as a vital field in addressing contemporary environmental challenges. Its applications range from radioactive tracers for monitoring pollution and groundwater movement to the treatment of hazardous waste through radiation-induced processes. This review highlights the role of nuclear chemistry in environmental remediation, focusing on techniques such as radiolysis for degrading pollutants, isotopic methods for tracking environmental changes, and the safe disposal of nuclear waste. Advances in green nuclear technologies, including the use of radiation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and clean contaminated ecosystems, are also discussed. By leveraging the principles of nuclear chemistry, innovative solutions for sustainable environmental management and mitigation of human impact can be achieved.
Keywords: Nuclear chemistry; Environmental monitoring; Radioactive tracers; Radiolysis; Sustainability; Pollution control.
Page No: 61-70
Author: Sourav Mishra
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110007
Abstract: Blended learning, a combination of traditional face-to-face teaching and online learning, has emerged as a transformative educational approach in the 21st century. This paper examines the evolution of blended learning, its benefits, challenges, and the implications for the future of education. By exploring the integration of digital tools in the classroom and the role of technology in enhancing student learning experiences, the paper highlights how blended learning is reshaping educational landscapes worldwide. This research further discusses the pedagogical frameworks supporting blended learning and offers recommendations for its effective implementation. Blended learning represents a significant shift in how education is delivered, offering students greater flexibility, personalized learning, and increased engagement. While there are challenges to its implementation, such as technological barriers and the need for teacher training, the benefits of blended learning are undeniable. As educational institutions continue to embrace this approach, blended learning has the potential to revolutionize the learning experience and better prepare students for the demands of the modern world. By integrating digital tools with traditional classroom instruction, blended learning offers a pathway toward more inclusive, accessible, and effective education.
Keywords: Blended learning, digital tools, pedagogy, online education, 21st century, technology integration.
Page No: 71-76
Author: Dr. Savita Mishra
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110008
Abstract: Over the years, the Government of India came with various policies on education inclusive education such as the RPwD Act 2016. All the policies emphasized the right of the child from diverse backgrounds and abilities to access formal education but still, the disparities continued. After 34 years, finally we have our long waited National Education Policy. Since around 36 million of them lack viable alternatives. Rural Indians, constituting 78% of the population, lack access to special education. Governments must impart inclusive classroom training to educators to bridge the gap. (Sudhakar and Mareesh , 2020)Inclusive education is a significant focus in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India. The policy emphasizes ensuring equitable access to education for all children, regardless of their socio-economic background, physical or mental abilities, gender, or location. NEP 2020, encourages, and promotes “Barrier-free access to Education for all Children with Disabilities.” Which describes the much-awaited new reforms that India was looking for. These adaptations are designed with special consideration for children with impairments and those from low-income families. (Kumar and Singh, 2022)This paper is an attempt to discuss the new provisional changes and challenges for Inclusive Education in NEP 2020.
Keywords: NEP2020, Education, Inclusion, Critical study
Page No: 77-81
Author: Dr. Shrabanti Mondal
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110009
Abstract: Agriculture is crucial for ensuring food, nutrition and livelihood securities for India and it engages almost two-third of the workforce in gainful employment. On account of its close linkages with other economic sectors, agricultural growth has a multiplier effect on the entire economy of the country. Although in the past years, Indian agriculture had made a significant progress, but currently it faces many challenges. Stagnation of net sown area, plateauing yield level, and deterioration of soil quality, reduction in per capita land availability and the adverse effect of climate change are the major challenges to Indian agriculture. Moreover, the increased rate of population is pressurizing the agricultural sector for enhanced food production. The task is very challenging because, about 60% of the net cultivated area is rained and exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses arising from climatic variability and climate change. More than 80% of Indian farmers are marginal farmers, having cultivable land of less than one hectare or small farmers with cultivable land area of one to two hectares, with poor coping capacity. Additionally, the Indian farmers are heterogeneous and unorganized in nature. Climate change and its variability are likely to aggravate the problem of future food security by putting pressure on agriculture affecting its sustainability.
Keywords: Agriculture, Unorganized, Food, Farmer, Sustainability
Page No: 82-88
Author: Dr. Bidyut Halder
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110010
Abstract: Tourism is an important sector to any country for the development of the economy. But tourism industry is directly related to the environment. Bishnupur has internationally recognized as one of the environmental “micro hot spot” due to the biological diversity and distribution of the eastern ghat. Unique culture heritage of the area has made ideally suits for tourism and a most attractive recreational spot in the country. The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, the relationship of tourism with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and railways, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, etc. In this paper it is trying to focus upon negative role of tourism in Bishnupur town on its socio-cultural environment. Bishnupur in Bankura district has internationally recognized as one of the cultural heritages. Its renowned terracotta made temple, expressing the exotic sculptural beauty and architect. On the other hand, tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. An environmental impact assessment survey was conducted through sample survey method at major tourist spot in this town to analyze the tourism impact on the livelihood and socio-economic conditions of the local inhabitants. We describe that the effects of tourism on natural resources, environmental pollution, physical environment and tourist activities. This study shows tourism has sequential influences on local communities by various untreated sewage and wastes, and pollution, road congestions etc. we explain environmental impacts of tourism on global scale, positive impacts of tourism and, finally, how tourism can contribute to environmental conservation.
Keywords: Bio diversity; environment; hot spot; livelihood; Inhabitants; Tourism.
Page No: 89-98
Author: Payel Maity
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110011
Abstract: The concept of work-life balance (WLB) has become increasingly important in the modern workplace due to the evolving dynamics of work culture, technological advancements, and the changing expectations of employees. This paper aims to explore the significance of work-life balance, the challenges faced by individuals in maintaining a balance between their professional and personal lives, and strategies that organizations and individuals can adopt to achieve optimal WLB. The paper reviews relevant literature and presents both theoretical and practical insights to help foster a supportive work environment for achieving better work-life integration. Work-life balance is a critical factor in the overall well-being of employees and the success of organizations. While it can be challenging to achieve, especially in the context of evolving work environments and societal pressures, both organizations and individuals can implement strategies that support balance. Flexible work arrangements, family-friendly policies, and a supportive workplace culture are essential for organizations, while individuals can benefit from effective time management, boundary-setting, and self-care practices. By fostering an environment where work-life balance is prioritized, both personal and professional satisfaction can be maximized, leading to healthier and more productive workforces.
Keywords: work-life, workplaces, digital communication
Page No: 99-106
Author: Sanat Dutta
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110012
Abstract: Gandhian philosophy is deeply rooted in ethics and his ideology rooted in principles of truth, nonviolence, self-discipline, and social justice, offers a holistic framework for nurturing ethical consciousness and moral integrity in educational contextsprinciples that accentuate nonviolence, truth, and selflessness. This study explores the ethical framework of Gandhian philosophy, focusing on key principles such as ‘satyagraha’ (truth force), ‘ahimsa’ (nonviolence), and ‘sarvodaya’ (welfare of all). The study also considers the relevance of Gandhian ethics in contemporary society and its potential for addressing pressing ethical challenges. This review critically examines the incorporation of Gandhian philosophical principles in modern educational paradigms to foster the development of values among learners. Through an analysis of relevant literature, this review explores the applicability and effectiveness of Gandhian ideals in addressing contemporary challenges in education, including moral degradation, social inequality, and environmental sustainability. By synthesizing empirical studies and theoretical perspectives, this paper elucidates the impending of Gandhian philosophy to cultivate a values-oriented educational environment favourable to holistic learner development. Overall, this review underscores the enduring relevance of Gandhian philosophical thoughts in shaping the education system and nurturing values among learners. It highlights the transformative potential of integrating Gandhi’s ethical principles into educational curriculum to encourage a culture of peace, justice, and sustainability in the 21st century world.
Keywords: Gandhian philosophy, ethics, contemporary education, value education, moral development, learner-centered approach, Welfare for All
Page No: 107-113
Author: Koushik Mishra
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110013
Abstract: Indian philosophy, a rich and diverse intellectual tradition, explores profound questions concerning existence, knowledge, ethics, and the ultimate goal of human life. This article delves into the pathways Indian philosophy provides to acquire knowledge (epistemology), establish ethical frameworks, and achieve enlightenment. By examining major schools of thought, including Vedic traditions, Buddhism, Jainism, and later developments like Advaita Vedānta, the article highlights their contributions to global philosophical discourse. Indian philosophy stands as a testament to humanity’s enduring quest for truth and wisdom. Its rich tapestry of ideas, born from centuries of reflection and debate, continues to inspire and guide people across the world. By blending intellectual rigor with spiritual depth, Indian philosophy not only addresses the ultimate questions of life but also offers practical solutions for achieving personal and collective well-being. As a beacon of timeless wisdom, it remains profoundly relevant in guiding humanity toward a harmonious and enlightened existence.
Keywords: Knowledge, Ethics, Human Life, Indian Philosophy, Spiritual, Pathways.
Page No: 114-119
Author: Dr. Sarajit Biswas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110014
Abstract: The Namasudra is a Scheduled Caste community that originated in undivided Bengal (now Bangladesh and West Bengal). Today, the majority of the Namasudra population is spread across West Bengal, Assam, Tripura, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Meghalaya. This community is recognized as socio-economically disadvantaged and is listed under the Scheduled Caste category in the Indian Constitution. This paper focuses on the educational upliftment of the Namasudra community. The Namasudras hold a significant position within the Scheduled Caste population in India. The paper also examines the role of the National Policy on Education in advancing the educational progress of Scheduled Castes, with particular emphasis on the Namasudra community.
Keywords: Scheduled Caste, Namasudra, Education, National Policy
Page No: 120-125
Author: Barsha Bhattacharyya
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110015
Abstract: The National Education Policy 2020 places a strong focus on fostering students’ innovative spirit, logical judgment, creative thinking, and continuous learning skills. It also encourages the use of technology to support education. This educational policy places a strong focus on helping people develop their creative potential. The flexible and innovative curriculum of all higher educational institutions will include credit-based curriculum and areas of community engagement and service, environmental education, value education, and so on in order to bring the idea of holistic and multidisciplinary education to reality, according to this education policy. The primary goal of education is to fully develop each and every human capacity in an integrated way. In actuality, The National Education Policy, 2020 aims to make schools and colleges suitable for the needs of the twenty-first century and places particular emphasis and importance on holistic and multidisciplinary education. It is founded on the fundamental pillars of easy access, equality, quality, and accountability for all. Students are prepared to become thoughtful, knowledgeable, and involved global citizens through the dynamic and inclusive educational framework that is created by the synergy between holistic and multidisciplinary education. This integrated approach not only enhances the educational process but also gives graduates the abilities and perspective needed to successfully navigate and make a meaningful contribution to a world that is becoming more linked and complex.
Keywords: Holistic & Multidisciplinary Education, Education Policy, NEP-2020
Page No: 126-133
Author: Chandrima Dey & Professor. (Dr.) Santanu Biswas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110016
Abstract: As the socioeconomic environment changes rapidly, so do the demands for educational reforms, making it more important than ever to provide instructors the autonomy they need to rethink their approaches to the class room in order to better serve their students ‘unique learning styles. Research in this area suggests that in order for educators to have an impact on their pupils, they, and themselves, need to feel empowered. Educator agency is therefore fundamental to the processes of quality improvement and institutional development. The researchers want to hear from primary school educators on the ways in which they feel their schools support their professional development. A total of 124 primary school teachers from North Bengal filled out an online survey based on the Teacher Empowerment Scale as part of the quantitative sample survey. Participants exhibit a moderate to high degree of agreement a cross all characteristics of empowerment, as presented and analyzed. In particular, the decision-making component has the greatest mean while the professional growth dimension has the lowest mean.
Keywords: Professional Development, Empowerment, Teachers, Professional Development, Participation, Decision Making.
Page No: 134-142
Author: Roshan Khatiwora & Dr. Subhashish Sinha
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110017
Abstract: This research explores the connection between teacher personality traits, job anxiety, burnout, and job satisfaction among secondary school educators. Using a sample of 300 secondary teachers, the study evaluates their personality characteristics, levels of job-related anxiety, burnout tendencies, and overall job satisfaction. Key findings reveal that personality traits like neuroticism and extraversion significantly influence job anxiety, burnout, and job satisfaction. Furthermore, job anxiety serves as a mediator between personality and burnout. These results underline critical considerations for teacher well-being, school leadership, and education policymakers. Stress and burnout among teachers are global concerns that can lead to severe mental health challenges such as anxiety and depression. Burnout negatively impacts educators’ health and poses risks to their mental and physical well-being. Addressing the prevalence and causes of stress, burnout, and anxiety among teachers is essential to alleviate this pressing public health issue.
Keywords: Teachers, Stress, Burnout, Anxiety, Depression.
Page No: 143-152
Author: বন্দনা সামন্ত
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110018
Abstract: মানব সভ্যতার ইতিহাসের দিকে তাকালে দেখা যাবে যে আদিম যুগের মানুষ বেঁচে থাকার তাগিদে দৌড়াতে, লাফাতে, নিক্ষেপ করতে বধ্য হত। পরবর্তীকালে সভ্যতার উত্তরণের সাথে সাথে মানুষের এই অঙ্গপ্রত্যঙ্গ সঞ্চালনমূলক ক্রিয়াকলাপ কিছু কিছু বিধি নিয়মের আওতায় এসে বিভিন্ন ক্রীড়ার রূপ নিয়েছে, অতীতে যা ছিল বেঁচে থাকার সংগ্রাম বর্তমানে তা ক্রীড়া। আর এই লোকায়ত ক্রীড়া পরিবর্তীত এবং পরিমার্জিতরূপে আজও গ্রাম-বাংলার আঙিনায়, মেঠো পথের ধারে তপ মাঠের পরে আদুল গায়ের শিশু, মুক্তপ্রাণা কিশোর কিশোরীদের দ্বারা অনুসৃত এবং অনুশীলিত।
Keywords: লোকক্রীড়া, লোকসাহিত্য, ইতিহাস, হা-ডু-ডু, আগডুম-বাগডুম.
Page No: 153-158
Author: স্বাগতা বিশ্বাস
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110019
Abstract: সৈয়দ ওয়ালীউল্লাহ একাধারে ঔপন্যাসিক, নাট্যকার ও ছোটগল্পকার। ‘লালসালু’ (১৮৪৮), ‘চাঁদের অমাবস্যা’ (১৯৬৪), ‘কাঁদো নদী কাঁদো’ (১৯৬৮) নামের তিনটি উল্লেখযোগ্য উপন্যাস আমাদের বাংলা সাহিত্যের অমূল্য সম্পদ। আধুনিক উপন্যাসের অস্তিত্ববাদী, চেতনাপ্রবাহ রীতি পদ্ধতির সুচারু প্রয়োগ তার উপন্যাসে আলো ফেলেছে। নাট্যকার হিসেবেও সৈয়দ ওয়ালীউল্লাহ পাঠক এবং দর্শকের মনে স্থায়ী আসন করে নিয়েছেন। ‘বহিপীর’ (১৯৬০), ‘তরঙ্গভঙ্গ’, (১৯৬৪), সুড়ঙ্গ’ (১৯৬৪), ‘উজানে মৃত্যু’ সমকাল পত্রিকায় প্রকাশিত হয়েছিল, (১৯৬২) প্রভৃতি নবযুগোপযোগী নাটক তাঁর হাত দিয়ে বেরিয়েছে। শুধু তাই নয়—বাংলা সাহিত্যের একজন শ্রেষ্ঠ ছোটগল্পকার হিসেবে তিনি সর্বাধিক পরিচিতি পেয়েছেন। তাঁর লেখা ছোটগল্প গ্রন্থগুলি হল— ‘নয়নচারা’ (১৯৪৪), ‘দুই তীর ও অন্যান্য গল্প’ (১৯৬৫)।
‘নয়নচারা’ (১৯৪৪) গল্পগ্রন্থের অন্তর্গত নাম-গল্পটিতে ১৯৪৩ সালের ভয়াবহ দুর্ভিক্ষের প্রতিচ্ছবি গল্পকার তুলে ধরেছেন। এই গল্পে আমু, ভুতো, ভূতনি, প্রভৃতি চরিত্র এই গল্পের কুশিলব। ময়ুরাক্ষী নদীর তীরবর্তী অঞ্চলে একটি গ্রামের নাম ‘নয়নচারা’। এই গল্পটি আসলে একটি জনপদের স্থাননাম-কেন্দ্রিক গল্প। ছোটগল্পের নামকরণের হাজারও জটিল সূত্র বা ব্যঞ্জনা থাকলেও সৈয়দ ওয়ালীউল্লাহ এই গল্পে একটি সাদা-মাঠা গ্রামের নামকেই তাঁর গল্পের শীর্ষনাম হিসেবে বিবেচনা করেছেন। ‘নয়নচারা’ গল্পগ্রন্থের অন্তর্গত আর একটি দুর্ভিক্ষ পীড়িত সময়ের চিত্রলেখা উঠে এসেছে— ‘মৃত্যু-যাত্রা’ নামক ছোটগল্পে। গল্পের নামকরণ থেকেই আমাদের অনুভবে জেগে ওঠে— এ মৃত্যুর পদানুসরণ প্রক্রিয়া। মৃত্যুর দিকে যাত্রা। ১৩৫০-এর সর্বাত্মক দুর্ভিক্ষে বাংলার গ্রামকে গ্রাম শ্মশানে পরিণত করেছিল। অসুখে বিসুখে, অনাহারে, অখাদ্য-কুখাদ্য খেয়ে মানুষের প্রাণ বাঁচানোর মরণান্তিক তাগিদ আমাদের বাংলাদেশ সেদিন মারাত্মকভাবে ধাক্কা পেয়েছিল।
রক্ত’ নামের গল্পটি ১৯৪৩-র দুর্ভিক্ষের পটভূমিকায় লেখা হলেও আসলে একটি জটিল মনস্তত্ত্ব এই গল্পদেহে রাখা হয়েছে। গল্পের কাহিনি খুব অল্প, গল্পের নায়ক—আবদুল। কারণ সাত বছর আগে সে গ্রাম সমাজ প্রতিবেশি বন্ধু বান্ধবের মমত্ব ত্যাগ করে জাহাজে চড়ে সমুদ্রে বেরিয়ে পড়েছিল—উপার্জনের আশায়। সেইদিন থেকে তার সমস্ত মমতার বন্ধন ছিন্ন হয়ে হৃদয়ের ভেতরে যে রক্ত ঝরছিল—আজও সেই রক্তের বহমান ধারা অব্যাহত। গভীর রাত্রে কাশতে কাশতে আবদুলের মুখ দিয়ে রক্ত উঠেছে— সে সংজ্ঞাহীন হয়ে পড়েছে। একসময় আক্কাশের বউ, আক্কাশ তাঁকে শুশ্রূষা করেছে, মাথায় হাওয়া দিয়েছে তাদের স্নেহ ভালোবাসা দিয়ে তাকে সুস্থ করার জাগতিক সমস্ত রকম ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করেছে। ‘রক্ত’ গল্পের গঠনে বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পটভূমি থাকলেও সেই পটভূমি আক্রান্ত সাধারণ মানুষের জীবনকে হতাশার সমুদ্র সফেনে ভরিয়ে দিয়েছিল— তারই নিদারুণ অক্ষরচিত্র ফুটে উঠেছে। সর্বোপরি গল্পটি মানবিক চেতনার রন্ধ্রপথে স্নেহ-প্রেম-প্রীতিরই সুপ্ত অস্তিত্বকেই যেন পুনরুদ্ধার করতে চেয়েছেন। ছোটগল্পকার সৈয়দ ওয়ালীউল্লাহের আরও একটি ছোটগল্প ‘একটি তুলসীগাছের কাহিনী’। এটি ‘দুই তীর ও অন্যান্য গল্প’ (১৯৬৫) গ্রন্থের অন্তর্গত একটি প্রতিনিধিস্থানীয় ছোটগল্প। ১৯৪৭ সালের দেশভাগের প্রেক্ষাপটকে পটভূমিতে করে এই গল্প রচিত। দেশভাগের ফলে দুটি ভিন্ন সম্প্রদায়ের মানুষ— একটি হিন্দু আর অন্যটি মুসলমান সম্প্রদায় তাদের জাতিগত পরিচয়ের পরকাষ্ঠা কত বিড়ম্বনার কারণ হয়ে উঠেছিল তারই বেদনাক্ষুব্ধ প্রকাশ ঘটেছে এই গল্পে। এই ধর্ম বিভিন্ন মানুষের আসল পরিচয় মানুষ, তবু তারা সাম্প্রদায়িক, রাজনৈতিক পালাবদলের কুশীলব তারা, সময়ের হাতে ক্রীড়নক। দেশপ্রধানেরা দুইধর্মের মানুষের জন্য দুটি আলাদা রাষ্ট্র– পাকিস্তান এবং ভারত চায়। তখন প্রাণের ভয়ে দেশের একপ্রান্ত থেকে অন্যপ্রান্তে ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে থাকা মানুষগুলো তাদের নিজ নিজ ধর্মের মানুষের কাছে যেতে নিজের ভিটেমাটি ত্যাগ করেন। নিজের বাস্তু ছেড়ে অজানা অচেনা দেশে আশ্রয়হীন হয়ে যে তুমুল অশান্তি অনিশ্চয়তা ভোগ করেছিল— সেই মর্মদ্ভুত ঘটনাকে কেন্দ্র করে গল্পকার ‘একটি তুলসীগাছের কাহিনী’ গল্পটি রচনা করেছেন।
সূচক শব্দ: সৈয়দ ওয়ালীউল্লাহ, ‘লালসালু’, ‘চাঁদের অমাবস্যা’, ‘কাঁদো নদী কাঁদো’, ‘বহিপীর’ (১৯৬০), ‘তরঙ্গভঙ্গ’, সুড়ঙ্গ’, ‘উজানে মৃত্যু’, ‘নয়নচারা’, ‘দুই তীর ও অন্যান্য গল্প’। ‘নয়নচারা’, ‘জাহাজি’, ‘পরাজয়’, ‘মৃত্যুযাত্রা’, ‘খুনি’, ‘রক্ত’, ‘খণ্ড চাঁদের বক্রতায়’, ‘সেই পৃথিবী’, ‘একটি তুলসীগাছের কাহিনী’, দুর্ভিক্ষ, দেশভাগ।
Page No: 159-167