Author: Arijit Bera & Dr. Chaman Singh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080001

Abstract: Professional development has traditionally been equated with the acquisition of technical competencies that enable individuals to fulfill the demands of their professions. However, the rapid transformation of global economies, the digital revolution, and the growing awareness of ethical challenges in professional spaces underscore the inadequacy of skill development strategies focused solely on technical expertise. A truly effective and future-ready model of professional development must integrate technical, emotional, and ethical skills, acknowledging that workplace success is increasingly defined by not only intellectual and technological proficiency but also emotional intelligence, moral integrity, and social responsibility. This paper critically examines the historical evolution of professional development models, explores the theoretical foundations of a holistic approach, and proposes a comprehensive framework for integrating these three key skill domains to prepare professionals for the complexities of the modern world.

Keywords: Professional Development, Technical, Emotional, Ethical.

Page No: 1-8

Author: Romy Raj

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080002

Abstract: Herbal ethnomedicine is a crucial aspect of traditional healthcare among the tribal communities of Jharkhand, India. These communities possess extensive knowledge of medicinal plants, which they use to treat various skin diseases. This study aims to document and analyze the ethnomedicinal practices related to skin ailments among the tribals of Jharkhand. Through field surveys and interviews with local healers, several plant species used in the treatment of skin diseases were identified. The findings reveal that plants such as Aloe vera, Azadirachtaindica (Neem), and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) are commonly used for their antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The study highlights the significance of preserving traditional knowledge and integrating it with modern medicine to develop effective treatments for skin diseases.

Keywords: Herbal Ethnomedicine, Skin Diseases, Tribal Communities, Jharkhand, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Knowledge, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory.

Page No: 9-14

Author: Indrajit De

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080003

Abstract: The study had examined the multi-dimensional causes of labour migration in the backward districts of Jharkhand, focusing on economic, agricultural, social, healthcare, and educational determinants. Field surveys and interviews had been conducted across fifteen villages in Palamu, Garhwa, and Latehar districts, using a stratified random sampling method to include both migrant and non-migrant households. Quantitative data had been analyzed through descriptive statistics and regression models, while qualitative data had been examined thematically. The findings had revealed that unemployment, income disparities, and indebtedness had been major economic push factors, while land fragmentation, declining agricultural productivity, and seasonal work patterns had reinforced migration. Social barriers, including caste-based discrimination and limited upward mobility, had further influenced migration decisions. Additionally, inadequate healthcare facilities, high malnutrition rates, poor educational infrastructure, and high dropout rates had emerged as significant service-related drivers. Migration had provided short-term economic benefits through remittances but had also resulted in rural labour shortages and dependence on external income. The study had emphasized the need for integrated rural development policies targeting livelihood creation, agricultural modernization, and service infrastructure improvement to reduce distress migration.

Keywords: Labour Migration, Jharkhand, Rural Development, Agricultural Productivity, Social Exclusion, Healthcare Access, Educational Infrastructure.

Page No: 15-20

Author: Asim Mahata & Dr. Chaman Singh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080004

Abstract: This study examines the interplay between socio-economic status (SES) and parental aspirations in influencing the academic achievement of tribal girls at the secondary level. Tribal communities in India face multiple barriers to education, including poverty, cultural marginalization, gender norms, and limited access to quality schooling. Parental aspirations, often shaped by these socio-economic realities, play a pivotal role in determining girls’ enrollment, attendance, and academic performance. Through a conceptual exploration supported by existing literature, this research highlights the importance of integrating economic support with initiatives to raise awareness among parents and communities. The study emphasizes culturally responsive education, mentorship, and infrastructure development as crucial strategies for bridging educational disparities. By understanding these intersecting factors, policymakers, educators, and community leaders can create inclusive learning environments that foster equity and empowerment for tribal girls, ensuring sustainable development and social transformation in marginalized regions.

Keywords: Socio-Economic Status, Parental Aspirations, Tribal Girls, Secondary Education, Educational Equity.

Page No: 21-27

Author: Diptak Chakraborty

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080005

Abstract: Freshwater ponds in suburban Kolkata are vital to the ecosystem, aquaculture, groundwater recharging, and daily life. Rapid urbanization and unregulated human inputs are straining aquatic systems, necessitating systematic water quality monitoring. This study explores seasonal and geographical variability in water quality indicators in five typical ponds in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal: Birati, Madhyamgram, Panihati, and New Barrackpore. Leased for aquaculture, the ponds are also utilized for idol immersion, street cleaning, and domestic washing. The ponds, bordered by dense residential areas, receive organic and chemical loads from these activities. The water samples were tested for phosphate, nitrate,biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Results vary significantly seasonally for all metrics. The seasonal patterns of atmospheric and water temperatures, which peaked at 36°C in summer and dropped to 11°C in winter, showed the strong climatic influence. Dissolved organic matter (DO) concentrations ranged from 4.02 mg/L in New Barrackpore to 8.15 mg/L elsewhere, indicating uneven organic loading and environmental stress. Pond pH showed different trends. Birati was alkaline, but New Barrackpore 2 had lower values (~7.3), indicating acidic pollution or abundant organic pollutants. BOD and COD values fluctuated, peaking at 4.24 mg/L and 6.9 mg/L, respectively, indicating organic matter intake from household activities and runoff. Nutrient dynamics analysis found seasonal maxima for phosphate (0.17-0.45 mg/L) and nitrate (1.4-5.2 mg/L) during monsoon months, indicating runoff and wastewater discharge influence. Continual high phosphate and nitrate levels in New Barrackpore 2 and Panihati reflect human stress and may impair eutrophication and fish production. The study emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring of suburban ponds because nutrient levels, fluctuations in dissolved organic matter (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) directly affect water quality, aquatic biodiversity, and aquaculture viability. The results illustrate how seasonal rains, poor waste management, and localized pollution worsen biological imbalances in these vital waterways. Community engagement, trash removal, and water quality checks are needed to safeguard suburban Kolkata’s freshwater ponds’ ecological health, socio-cultural functions, and economic value.

Keywords: Water Quality, Pollution, Seasonal Variation, Freshwater Pond, Suburban.

Page No: 28-38

Author: Khushi Jain & Deep Chakraborty

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080006

Abstract: The idea of a sustainable environment, originating from “Environia,” highlights the importance of maintaining ecological balance amid increasing carbon emissions and climate change. Human activities play a significant role in this warming, driving global efforts toward sustainability. The Indian Union Budget significantly influences environmental sustainability. The Indian environmental technologies market, valued at $23 billion, is expected to grow due to challenges related to air and water pollution. Key regulations, such as the Wildlife Protection Act and Plastic Waste Management Rules, shape this sector. This paper examines these relationships and their implications for sustainable development. From 2015 to 2024, the Indian Union Budget’s allocations have focused on initiatives like clean air, renewable energy, wildlife conservation, and urban sanitation. Significant investments have been made in green technologies, environmental regulations, and programs like Project Tiger and Project Elephant. The budget also emphasizes clean transportation, including electric vehicles and urban rail systems. The analysis highlights the evolving priorities and financial commitments of the Indian government in addressing climate change and achieving environmental sustainability. The 2024-25 Interim Union Budget showcases progressive climate action with initiatives such as rooftop solarisation and biomass aggregation. India’s commitment to clean transportation, green energy, and biodiversity conservation marks significant progress. However, further efforts in sustainable infrastructure and community participation are crucial.

Keywords: Indian Financial Budget; Sustainable Development Goal; Environmental Growth; Environmental Economy.

Page No: 39-49

Author: Shiuli Mishra & Dr. Sanjay Das

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080007

Abstract: The question of God’s existence and nature has remained one of humanity’s most profound and enduring inquiries, deeply embedded in philosophy, theology, science, and culture. This article undertakes a rational exploration of the concept of God, emphasizing the intellectual traditions that have shaped theism from antiquity to the modern era. Rather than relying solely on religious faith or revelation, this study focuses on logical reasoning, metaphysical analysis, and ethical reflection to evaluate the coherence of belief in God. Drawing from classical philosophy, medieval scholasticism, Enlightenment thought, and contemporary analytic philosophy, this article examines major arguments for and against God’s existence, including cosmological, ontological, teleological, and moral approaches. It also engages with critiques from atheism, agnosticism, and secular humanism, exploring whether rational theism can withstand scientific scrutiny and philosophical skepticism. Through comparative analysis, the discussion highlights the evolving nature of the God-concept, ranging from impersonal metaphysical principles to a personal and morally perfect deity. Ultimately, this paper argues that rational inquiry into God remains central to philosophical discourse, offering not only intellectual clarity but also ethical and existential depth. In doing so, it demonstrates that philosophical theism provides a meaningful framework for understanding reality, morality, and the human search for ultimate meaning.

Keywords: God-Concept, Cosmological, Ontological, Teleological, Moral, Philosophical.

Page No: 50-55

Author: Sourav Maity & Dr. Chaman Singh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080008

Abstract: Social isolation has become an increasingly prevalent concern in the modern world, drawing attention from scholars in psychology, sociology, public health, and behavioral sciences. It represents more than physical solitude; it is a multidimensional phenomenon that disrupts individual well-being, undermines community cohesion, and creates challenges for healthcare and policy systems worldwide. This article offers a thorough interdisciplinary examination of social isolation, its causes, manifestations, and implications for mental, physical, and social health. Drawing on psychological theories, sociological frameworks, and empirical research, the paper demonstrates that social isolation is a critical determinant of overall well-being, with consequences comparable to other major public health risks. Finally, it explores strategies and interventions, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches to address this pressing issue in the context of globalization, digitalization, and rapidly changing social structures.

Keywords: Social Isolation, Social, Psychological, Community, Health.

Page No: 56-60

Author: Bidhan Pakhira

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080009

Abstract: This paper explores how women’s education functions as a transformative force in advancing inclusive development across social, economic, and political dimensions. Grounded in feminist development theory, human capital theory, and Sen’s Capability Approach, the analysis underscores the reciprocal relationship between education and empowerment. It highlights that educating women not only enhances individual agency and well-being but also catalyzes broader societal progress by challenging patriarchal structures, fostering economic productivity, and promoting intergenerational mobility. Through case studies from Bangladesh, Rwanda, and India, the paper illustrates how targeted educational initiatives, when combined with policy reforms and grassroots engagement, can reshape gender dynamics and foster inclusive growth. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of education in promoting social justice, reducing gender-based violence, and enabling democratic participation. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for building equitable education systems through policy intervention, community mobilization, technological innovation, and intersectional approaches. Ultimately, the study positions women’s education not merely as a developmental input but as a moral imperative for creating just, inclusive, and resilient societies.

Keywords: Women’s Education, Empowerment, Inclusive Development, Gender Equality, Social Transformation.

Page No: 61-67

Author: Mamata Sahay & Dr. Shamma Chakraborty

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080010

Abstract: Parenting represents one of the most critical influences in shaping children’s psychological, emotional, and social outcomes. Beyond ensuring physical survival, the role of parents extends to nurturing the capacity for emotional maturity—a foundational quality that underpins resilience, empathy, adaptability, and mental health. Emotional maturity, understood as the ability to manage emotions, demonstrate empathy, and maintain balanced social relationships, forms the cornerstone of resilience. This paper explores the relationship between parenting and emotional maturity, analyzing theoretical perspectives, cultural influences, and empirical findings that reveal how parenting practices shape the emotional development of children and adolescents. The article also highlights the role of emotional maturity in building resilience across life stages and presents practical implications for parents, educators, and policymakers. By integrating developmental psychology, cross-cultural insights, and applied practices, this study underscores that parenting is not merely a private endeavor but a societal responsibility with profound implications for long-term well-being.

Keywords: Parenting, Physical Survival, Emotional Maturity, Psychology.

Page No: 68-75

Author: Dr. Niladri Sekhar Dara

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080011

Abstract: Empowering educators is central to achieving sustainable improvements in education systems. This study critically examines teacher training and professional growth, exploring how continuous learning, reflective practices, and institutional support enhance teaching effectiveness. It highlights key challenges such as inadequate funding, policy-practice disconnects, and limited access to quality training, especially in rural and marginalized areas. The research emphasizes the importance of teacher well-being, leadership opportunities, and equitable access to professional development. Furthermore, it advocates for competencybased training models, strategic integration of technology, and supportive policies to address burnout and promote teacher retention. By analyzing these factors, the study offers a comprehensive framework for empowering educators and strengthening education systems. The findings aim to guide policymakers, institutions, and stakeholders in designing teacher development initiatives that prioritize innovation, equity, and sustainability, ultimately contributing to better student outcomes and a more inclusive educational landscape.

Keywords: Teacher Training, Professional Growth, Teacher Empowerment, Reflective Practice, Education Policy.

Page No: 76-82

Author: Pinaki Barmon & Dr. Chaman Singh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080012

Abstract: Modernization is a multifaceted social, economic, and political process that has profoundly transformed human societies. It signifies the transition from traditional, agrarian communities to industrialized, urbanized, and technologically advanced systems. Theorists have examined modernization through diverse lenses, producing models that explain its origins, pathways, and global implications. From classical sociological perspectives by Weber and Durkheim to mid-20th-century modernization theory, dependency frameworks, and world-systems analysis, modernization discourse has evolved in tandem with global transformations. Contemporary perspectives emphasize globalization, postcolonial critiques, and sustainability paradigms, reflecting the complexity of modernization in a multipolar, interconnected world. This paper offers a comprehensive study of these theoretical perspectives, tracing their historical development, examining their core assumptions, and evaluating their relevance in understanding contemporary modernization. It argues that modernization is not a linear or universal process but a dynamic and contested phenomenon shaped by cultural, historical, and geopolitical factors. By exploring both classical and modern approaches, this paper demonstrates that modernization theory remains vital for analyzing current challenges such as inequality, technological disruption, and environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Modernization Theory, Social Transformation, Globalization, Dependency Theory, Sustainability.

Page No: 83-89

Author: Dr. Sarbani Sinharay

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080013

Abstract: Cultural competence in teacher education has emerged as a critical framework for addressing the challenges of diversity in contemporary classrooms. With globalization, migration, and socio-economic transformations, classrooms increasingly reflect a multiplicity of cultural, linguistic, and social identities. Teachers must therefore be prepared to navigate complex cultural contexts while fostering inclusive and equitable learning environments. This paper critically examines the conceptual foundations of cultural competence, its theoretical underpinnings, and its practical implications for teacher education. Drawing upon global and Indian perspectives, the study highlights strategies for integrating cultural responsiveness into teacher preparation, emphasizing curriculum design, pedagogy, and reflective practice. It also addresses structural and institutional barriers, including policy–practice gaps, faculty preparedness, and systemic inequities that hinder effective implementation. Ultimately, the paper argues that cultivating cultural competence is essential for building bridges across differences, enhancing student engagement, promoting social justice, and preparing teachers as agents of inclusion in diverse educational settings.

Keywords: Cultural Competence, Teacher Education, Diversity, Inclusive Pedagogy, Social Justice, Reflective Practice.

Page No: 90-96

Author: Saroj Laha

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080014

Abstract: The study had examined the spatial relationship between population distribution and literacy levels in Bankura district, West Bengal, India, using Census 2011 data and government statistics. Population density, literacy rate, and selected socio-economic indicators had been analysed through statistical correlation, thematic mapping, and spatial interpretation. The findings had indicated marked spatial variations in both population density and literacy, with higher values concentrated in urban and peri-urban blocks and lower values in the western and tribal-dominated areas. Gender disparities in literacy had persisted, though the gap had been narrower in urban areas. Statistical analysis had revealed a positive correlation (r = 0.68, p< 0.01) between population density and literacy rate, suggesting that densely populated areas had better access to educational facilities and socio-economic opportunities. Spatial mapping had highlighted the influence of economic activities, infrastructure, and social factors in shaping literacy patterns. The study had concluded that targeted policy interventions in low-density, disadvantaged areas were essential to achieve balanced educational development in the district.

Keywords: Population Distribution, Literacy Rate, Gender Gap, Spatial Analysis, Socio-Economic Factors, Bankura District, Census 2011.

Page No: 97-106

Author: Sudipta Roy

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080015

Abstract: The role of ethics has gained increasing attention due to globalization, technological advancements, interdisciplinary collaborations and high-profile cases of misconduct. Universities, funding agencies and professional associations have therefore established clear ethical guidelines and codes of conduct to promote responsible research and training. In Indian context- ethics in research methodology is a crucial topic that ensures academic research upholds credibility, social value, legal integrity. Research ethics outlines the core values and standards that govern how research is planned, executed and reported. It defines the difference between right and wrong in research practice, promote accountability, fairness and transparency.

Keywords: Ethics, Moral Principles, Integrity, Honesty, Social Value, Stakeholders, Legal Integrity.

Page No: 107-113

Author: Uttam Kumar Jana & Dr. Chaman Singh

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080016

Abstract: The field of education is undergoing a dramatic transformation as teaching and learning are increasingly influenced by advancements in technology, shifts in societal needs, and evolving theories of cognition. Traditional, teacher-centered paradigms are progressively giving way to dynamic, student-centered pedagogical frameworks that emphasize critical thinking, creativity, and lifelong learning. This paper critically examines modern pedagogical approaches, tracing their philosophical foundations, theoretical frameworks, and practical applications. By analyzing constructivist learning theories, digital learning innovations, experiential and inquiry-based methods, and inclusive pedagogies, this article offers a comprehensive understanding of how contemporary education is redefining the roles of teachers and learners. Further, it explores the challenges, opportunities, and future directions for pedagogy in a rapidly globalizing world.

Keywords: Pedagogical Approaches, Philosophical Foundations, Theoretical Frameworks, And Practical Applications.

Page No: 114-121

Author: Vikash Nayek

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080017

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to document and analyze the ethno-medicinal plants traditionally used by indigenous communities in Darjeeling and its surrounding areas and to validate their therapeutic potential through phytochemical analysis. A total of 75 plant species belonging to 42 families were recorded through field surveys and interviews with 120 informants, including traditional healers and local elders. The most commonly used plant parts included leaves, roots, rhizomes, and bark, and the major ailments treated were gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin disorders. Ethnobotanical indices such as Use Value (UV) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were calculated, revealing high consensus for several plants, notably Swertiachirayita and Ocimum sanctum. Phytochemical screening of 30 selected species confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols, which supported their traditional medicinal uses. The findings were found consistent with several national and global ethnopharmacological studies, while also highlighting region-specific practices and bioactive variations. The study emphasized the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge and advocated for further pharmacological investigations and conservation efforts. This integrated approach bridged traditional knowledge with scientific validation, contributing to sustainable use of medicinal plant resources in the Eastern Himalayas.

Keywords: Ethno-Medicinal Plants, Darjeeling, Phytochemical Screening, Traditional Knowledge, Use Value, Informant Consensus Factor, Himalayan Flora.

Page No: 122-132

Author: Sosti Kumar

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080018

Abstract: The present study had assessed the level of heavy metal contamination in wastewater collected from industrial and mining areas of Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. Wastewater samples had been analyzed for concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) using standard analytical techniques. The results had revealed that most metal concentrations had exceeded the permissible limits prescribed by WHO (2017) and BIS (2012), particularly in regions located near coal washeries and mining dumps. Spatial variations in contamination had indicated the direct impact of anthropogenic activities such as coal processing, industrial discharges, and poor wastewater management. These findings had been consistent with global observations from industrial zones in countries like China, Ghana, and Brazil, suggesting a common environmental challenge. The study had highlighted the pressing need for sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, including bioremediation, membrane filtration, and metal recovery systems. The research had served as a baseline for future environmental risk assessments and had called for stringent regulation, public awareness, and improved industrial accountability to ensure the protection of ecological and human health in the region.

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Wastewater, Dhanbad, Industrial Pollution, Mining Contamination, Bioremediation, Environmental Risk.

Page No: 133-141

Author: Dr. Pabitra Kumar Hazra

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080019

Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, marks a significant transformation in the education system. Designed to make Indian education more holistic, flexible, and aligned with contemporary global trends, NEP 2020 places a strong emphasis on multidisciplinary learning. This paper explores the impact of NEP 2020 on India’s education landscape through a multidisciplinary lens, analyzing its implications across various domains including pedagogy, curriculum design, higher education, technology integration, and socio-economic factors. This study argues that while NEP 2020 presents a progressive framework for educational reform, its successful implementation faces several challenges that must be addressed to fully realize its potential. NEP 2020’s emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to education holds immense potential to transform India’s educational system by promoting holistic, flexible, and inclusive learning. This approach encourages students to move beyond traditional academic boundaries, fostering critical thinking, creativity, and practical skills that are essential in today’s interconnected world.

Keywords: NEP 2020, Multidisciplinary Learning, Pedagogy, Curriculum Design, Technology Integration.

Page No: 142-147

Author: Dola Pahari

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080020

Abstract: प्रत्येकस्य व्यक्तेः जन्मनः एव बाह्यपर्यावरणं प्रति प्रतिक्रियायाः विशेषा प्रवृत्तिः भवति या मूलानुक्रियाप्रतिक्रियाप्रवृत्तिः इति उच्यते। मनोवैज्ञानिकैः कृतेन शोधकार्येण स्पष्टं जातं यत् सप्ततः (७) दशप्रतिशत (१०%) बालकानां मूलभूतप्रतिक्रियावृत्तिः दोषपूर्णा भवति। एतादृशेषु बालकेषु भोजनस्य, निद्रायाः, मलस्य च नियमितता न भवति। ते उच्छृंखलप्रवृत्तियुताः भवन्ति तथा च ते पर्यावरणस्य सरलवातारणेन अपि अत्यन्तं विक्षिप्ताः भवन्ति। माऊर्र, कोडोरेट तथा च केन इत्येतैः दीर्घकालं यावत् अध्ययनं कृत्त्वा ज्ञापितं यत् एतादृशे दोषपूर्णमूलप्रतिक्रियाप्रवृत्तियुक्ते बालके अननुकूलव्यवहारः अधिकशीघ्रतया विकसितः भवति। फिस (fish 1975) तथा मील्ह (Mealh 1978) इत्यनेन स्व-अध्ययनेन आधारेण एतत् ज्ञापितं यत् दोषपूर्णमूलप्रतिक्रियाप्रवृत्तिः यथार्थेन बालकेषु भविष्ये जायमानानाम् अननुकूलितव्यवहारस्य एकं मुख्यं सूचकं भवति।एकस्मिन् मनुष्ये बहवः कारकाः सन्ति येषां कारणात् तस्य अपराधव्यवहारः भवितुम् अर्हति। यस्य अकिशोरस्य बुद्धिः न्यूनः भवति, सः सम्यक् शिक्षां न प्राप्नोति अतः तस्य अपराधव्यवहारस्य सम्भावना अधिका भवति। अन्येषु कारकेषु आवेगपूर्णव्यवहारः, अनियंत्रिताक्रामकता, तृप्तिप्राप्त्यर्थं विलम्बः च भवितुं शक्नोति। मानसिकस्वास्थ्यमपि व्यक्तिगतकारकाणां भागः भवन्ति। समाजे तस्य व्यवहारस्य कृते व्यक्तेः मानसिकदशा अत्यन्तं महत्त्वपूर्णा भवति। एवं च एते कारकाः किशोरस्य हानिकारक विनाशकारी-अवैधकर्मसु संलग्नतायां योगदानं दातुं शक्नुवन्ति।

Keywords: बाह्यपर्यावरण, उच्छृंखलप्रवृत्ति,अननुकूलव्यवहारः, सूचकम्,अनियंत्रिताक्रामकता।

Page No: 148-153

Author: Bandana Sautya & Dr. Sanchita Banerjee Roy

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080021

Abstract: তিরিশের দশকে বাংলা কথাসাহিত্যের পালাবদলের প্রেক্ষাপটে এই গল্প দুটি রচিত, যেখানে মনোবিশ্লেষণ ও সমাজবাস্তবতার প্রভাব সুস্পষ্ট। উভয় গল্পেই লেখকদ্বয় (তারাশংকর বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ও মানিক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়) খোঁড়া শেখ ও ভিখু ডাকাত নামক দুজন শারীরিক প্রতিবন্ধী চরিত্রকে কেন্দ্রীয় চালিকাশক্তি হিসেবে উপস্থাপন করেছেন। দুটি চরিত্রই ক্ষুধা, যৌনতা এবং হিংস্রতার মতো আদিম প্রবৃত্তি দ্বারা চালিত। ‘নারী ও নাগিনী’ গল্পে খোঁড়া শেখের সাপের প্রতি আসক্তি এবং তার স্ত্রী জোবেদা ও একটি নাগিনীর মধ্যেকার ঈর্ষাপরায়ণ সম্পর্ক মানুষ ও পশুর সহজাত প্রবৃত্তির অভিন্নতাকে তুলে ধরে। অন্যদিকে, ‘প্রাগৈতিহাসিক’ গল্পের ভিখু ডাকাত শারীরিক প্রতিবন্ধকতা সত্ত্বেও আদিম যৌন ক্ষুধা মেটাতে খুন করতেও দ্বিধা করে না। চরিত্রটি সভ্য সমাজের বাইরের এক অকৃত্রিম সত্তা, যে তার আদিম আবেগকে আড়াল করতে জানে না। উভয় গল্পকারই প্রতিবন্ধী চরিত্র দুটির মাধ্যমে মানব মনের গভীরে থাকা আদিম পাশব প্রবৃত্তি এবং সভ্যতার আবরণ উন্মোচন করেছেন, যা চরিত্র দুটিকে বাংলা সাহিত্যের জগতে স্বতন্ত্র করে তুলেছে।

Keywords: তারাশঙ্কর বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, মানিক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, নারী ও নাগিনী, প্রাগৈতিহাসিক, আদিম প্রবৃত্তি, খোঁড়া শেখ, ভিখু ডাকাত, যৌনতা, মনোবিশ্লেষণ, সমাজবাস্তবতা, প্রতিবন্ধী চরিত্র, সামাজিক শ্রেণী

Page No: 154-160

Author: Minati Sau Bhaumik & Dr. Sanchita Banerjee Roy

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080022

Abstract: উনিশ শতকের প্রথমার্ধে, কলকাতার সাংস্কৃতিক পরিবেশ ঐতিহ্যবাহী, ভক্তি-কেন্দ্রিক যাত্রা পরিবেশনার জন্য অনুকূল ছিল না। শহরটি নৈতিক ও সাংস্কৃতিক অবক্ষয়ের মধ্য দিয়ে যাচ্ছিল। এই সময়কালে জনসাধারণের রুচির অবক্ষয় ঘটেছিল। এই পরিবেশে যাত্রা তার ঐতিহ্যবাহী চরিত্র এবং ভক্তিমূলক চেতনা হারিয়ে ফেলে। যেখানে অতীতের বৌদ্ধিক এবং শৈল্পিক সাধনাগুলি চটুল নৃত্য, সস্তা গান এবং প্রহসনমূলক নাটকের মতো অশ্লীল বিনোদন (সঙ) দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপিত হয়েছিল। এর ফলে ‘শখের যাত্রা’র উত্থান ঘটে, যা প্রায়শই ঐতিহ্যবাহী যাত্রার মূল নীতিগুলি, যেমন একটি সুসংগত আখ্যান, পরিত্যাগ করে। যদিও কিছু পরিবেশনা ‘নল-দময়ন্তী’র মতো পৌরাণিক কাহিনীর উপর ভিত্তি করে তৈরি হয়েছিল, তবুও সেগুলির গাম্ভীর্য কেড়ে নেওয়া হয়েছিল এবং কবি-গানের মজাদার এবং তুচ্ছ শৈলীতে আচ্ছন্ন করা হয়েছিল। ভারতচন্দ্রের ‘বিদ্যাসুন্দর’-এর কামোত্তেজক এবং চাঞ্চল্যকর প্রভাবও বিশিষ্ট হয়ে ওঠে, যা যুগের বিকৃত নান্দনিক বোধকে রূপ দেয়। রামচাঁদ মুখোপাধ্যায়ের ‘নন্দবিদায়’-এর মতো পরিবেশনাগুলিকে যাত্রার একটি ‘নতুন ধরণ’ হিসেবে প্রশংসিত করা হয়েছিল। তবে, এর অভিনবত্ব ছিল এর নাট্য কাঠামোতে নয় বরং এর উপস্থাপনায়। এতে অর্ধ-আখড়াই দ্বারা প্রভাবিত উচ্চতর সঙ্গীত, উন্নত পোশাক এবং একজন মহিলা শিল্পীর উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা ছিল। যাত্রার সঙ্গীতের ধরণ প্রায় সম্পূর্ণরূপে কবিগানের শৈলী দ্বারা পরিপূর্ণ ছিল।

Keywords: যাত্রা, সঙ, সখের যাত্রা, ঊনবিংশ শতাব্দীর কলকাতার জনরুচি, রুচিবিকৃতি, সংস্কৃতির অধোগতি, নববাবু, কবিগান, বিদ্যাসুন্দর

Page No: 161-170

Author: Dr. Sheetal Verma

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080023

Abstract: This journal explores the transformation of education through innovations and practices in modern teaching and learning. As educational landscapes evolve, integrating technology, student-centric approaches, and global perspectives becomes crucial for future-ready education. The journal delves into cutting-edge methodologies like flipped classrooms, project-based learning, and AI integration, highlighting their impact on learner engagement and outcomes. It also examines challenges and opportunities in adapting to these changes, emphasizing the balance between technological advancements and human interaction. By showcasing research and case studies on contemporary educational practices, this journal aims to guide educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in navigating the complexities of modern education. Ultimately, it underscores the importance of adaptable, inclusive, and innovative strategies to meet the needs of diverse learners in a rapidly changing world. Further, the journal highlights implications for practice, suggesting pathways for educators to implement these innovations effectively, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and responsiveness to learner needs in an interconnected world.

Keywords: Innovative Teaching, Technology Integration, Student-Centric Learning, Global Education Perspectives, Educational Transformation

Page No: 171-180

Author: Achal Shaw & Surapati Pramanik

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080024

Abstract:

For centuries, the degradation of women and prostitution have been one of the major serious problems within the patriarchal society. In her novel Woman at Point Zero, Egyptian feminist writer Nawal El Saadawi offers a profound critique of patriarchal and economic oppression. The novel Woman at Point Zero is based on Nawal El Saadawi’s encounter with Firdaus, a female prisoner awaiting execution for murder in Qanatir Prison, whom El Saadawi met while conducting research on neurosis among Egyptian women for her study Women and Neurosis in Egypt.

The story of Firdaus shows the plight of a woman – talking about the importance of financial independence as a way to control one’s own life. El Saadawi poignantly talks about the theme of sexual assault and the world of prostitution from a middle – East common woman’s perspective.

The study utilizes the document based analytical method for conducting the research.

There is no doubt that El Saadawi aptly presents the significance of a woman’s independent life, mainly the role of financial independence, but it is too important to be emotionally independent at the same time. By using masculinist perspective in gynocriticism, this study seeks the answer of the question – how prostitution seems to be a downtrodden profession but, has similar meaning for any employer who works in different sectors.

The study presents how choosing prostitution as a means of financial independence does not merely reflect the plight of a wretched woman, but also in deep, is a revolt and revenge against patriarchal norms which shapes a woman within the stereotypes. Every human being is a prostitute as we all use our body to work and earn just the way prostitutes use their bodies in exchange for money. There exists no direct reflection of queer desire in the novel, but a critical examination reveals subtle narratives of queer possibility that emerge as forms of resistance against oppression.

Therefore, from Nawal’s Firdaus character, the study examines queer possibility and discusses how the profession of prostitution is seen from a male perspective; how it becomes a need of respect and also a state of degraded world for women. Also, the study discusses the significance of emotional independence of a woman, which is as important as her financial independence. For every woman the relation with the outside world is completely transactional. The future direction of research is also provided.

Keywords: Emancipation, Emotional Independence, Gender, Nawal El Saadawi, Prostitution, Queer, Sexuality.

Page No: 181-191