Author: Dr. Jayanta Nuniya

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070001

Abstract: The education system in postcolonial India has, to a large extent, remained tethered to colonial ideologies that prioritized Western epistemologies while marginalizing indigenous traditions. Despite India’s rich philosophical, scientific, and linguistic legacy, colonial structures have shaped what is taught, how it is taught, and the language in which it is delivered. This seminar paper aims to investigate how Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) can provide a transformative framework for decolonizing education. Drawing from ancient traditions, sacred texts, and community-based knowledge systems, the paper seeks to reimagine education that is rooted in cultural authenticity, holistic learning, and spiritual consciousness. With the National Education Policy 2020 recognizing the value of IKS, this paper also examines the institutional shifts necessary to implement meaningful reforms. Ultimately, the decolonization of education through IKS is not merely about revisiting the past, but about re-visioning the future of Indian pedagogy with confidence, sustainability, and selfhood.

Keywords: Indian Knowledge Systems, Decolonization, Education Reform, NEP 2020, Epistemic Justice, Gurukula, Indigenous Pedagogy, Sanskrit, Colonial Legacy, Holistic Learning.

Page No: 1-4

Author: Dr. Pradip Dey

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070002

Abstract: Biometric attendance systems have gained significant attention in higher educational institutions due to their potential to streamline attendance management processes and minimize fraudulent attendance practices. Biometric attendance technique is more secured than traditional or manual attendance system. It is revealed from the study that majority of the people are already well aware about the biometric technologies in comparison to the traditional IT security methods. To the respondents biometric attendance maintenance system is important to control workers. This implies that there are some of changes controlling and looking over employees after biometric attendance system is being implemented. It is revealed that employees are feeling comfortable in using biometric machine for attendance purpose. Using or even touching the biometric machine for attendance does not discourage or discomfort the workers. But, still there are some respondents who are not feeling happy in the presence of biometric machine. To the respondents biometric techniques are more suitable to use for attendance and entry. This implies that biometric machine offers immense potential for increased quality of data stored and minimizing cumbersome system. Majority of the respondents are in a position to recommend biometric attendance maintenance technology in other organization too. In this regard mixed responses were received from the respondents, although more than one third of the respondents opined in favour of recommending biometric technology in other organizations too. Majority of the respondents opined that government legislation push administrators towards using biometric technology in their institution. Overall perception of the respondents towards biometric attendance maintenance system differs. Some of the respondents asserted that implementation of biometric attendance in every public organization is very useful and improves the working environment as it is an advanced technology, which improves the quality of work and flexibility.

Keywords: Biometric, Finger Print, Verification, Identification, Template and Hand Geometry.

Page No: 5-24

Author: Dr. Krittibas Datta

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070003

Abstract: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, an eminent leader, jurist, and social reformer, significantly advanced the cause of social justice and the foundation of democracy in India. Ambedkar, as the principal architect of the Indian Constitution, established the groundwork for an inclusive and egalitarian society by embedding ideals of equality, liberty, and brotherhood. His unwavering support for the rights of vulnerable populations, especially Dalits, confronted established societal hierarchies and caste-based prejudice. Ambedkar’s intellectual profundity and activity were important in enacting progressive laws that tackled issues of untouchability, labour rights, and women’s empowerment.

This article examines Ambedkar’s diverse accomplishments, highlighting his influence in advancing social and economic fairness via democratic institutions and policies. It explores his philosophical foundations rooted in Buddhism, his condemnation of caste as a societal malady, and his aspiration for a just society where political democracy is enhanced by social and economic democracy. The article underscores Ambedkar’s lasting influence on the democratic principles of contemporary India and its persistent quest for social justice through an analysis of his speeches, writings, and legislative initiatives.

Keywords: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Social Justice, Indian Democracy, Caste System, Constitutional Rights.

Page No: 25-32

Author: Mr. Debabrata Baishnab

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070004

Abstract: The pursuit of gender equity in education requires not only policy reform but also a radical transformation in pedagogical approaches, especially within teacher education programs. This paper examines the role of critical pedagogy in advancing gender equity through teacher education. It argues that a critically reflective pedagogy, rooted in the principles of empowerment, social justice, and resistance to hegemonic norms, can serve as a transformative tool for preparing teachers to challenge gender biases both in themselves and within the educational system. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of Paulo Freire, bell hooks, and other scholars, the paper explores the philosophical foundations of critical pedagogy, its application in teacher education, and its potential to address gender stereotypes, curriculum bias, and the hidden curriculum. This article advocates for an inclusive, intersectional, and critical approach to teacher education as a pathway to gender-just schooling.

Keywords: Pedagogy, Teacher Education, Gender Equity, Curriculum.

Page No: 33-38

Author: Ajoy Ghosh & Surapati Pramanik

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070005

Abstract: The purpose of the investigation is to study and compare some distinctive characteristics of science teachers’ professional development approaches and practices at the secondary level in India, China and Japan. The study followed a qualitative data analysis methodology along with a comparative investigation strategy. Japan has a culture of unique systems of professional development like a mentoring system, on-site and offsite training for novice teachers as well as different professional development activities for mid-career and veteran teachers. The ‘lesson study’ concept originated and helped in improving science teacher’s professional development in Japan. Both China and Japan have implemented several laws and reforms regarding their professional development in a significant way and now these two countries are the forerunner of innovative professional development systems among high achieving countries in PISA tests. The success stories of effective science teaching in China and Japan have been reflected in international science competitions like the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Many studies in Indian provinces identified the lack of professional competencies and the deficit of proper science teaching skills of science teachers. No comparative study has been found between India, China and Japan for science teachers’ professional development at the secondary level to date which reflects the originality of the study.

Keywords: Science Teaching Practices, Science Teaching Skills, Professional Development.

Page No: 39-63

Author: Protima Brahma

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070006

Abstract: This paper attempts to study the process of urbanisation in Assam with special reference to the gateway of northeast, Guwahati City. The rapid urbanization of Guwahati, the largest city in the state of Assam, India, has been a subject of growing concern in recent years. This paper tries to bring out the pattern of urbanisation and growing trends in Guwahati during the 20th century to the contemporary times. The findings here are based on secondary data and literature survey respectively.

Keywords: Urban Process, Growing Trends, Periphery, Guwahati.

Page No: 64-67

Author: Arfi Anjoon

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070007

Abstract: This study explores the complex disparities in perceptions of the transforming function of education in women’s social empowerment between male and female respondents, as well as between households that are below the poverty line (BPL) and those that are above it. Understanding that gender and socioeconomic status have a big impact on how people perceive things, this study aims to highlight the various perspectives that affect how education is viewed as a means of empowerment. In order to inform the development of more inclusive and focused educational policies, the study intends to investigate these attitudinal variances. The results not only shed light on the socio-cultural factors at work, but they also open the door for tactics that remove obstacles to women’s empowerment. Ultimately, this study establishes the foundation for advancing gender equality and societal development via education, spurring more deliberate and significant efforts.

Keywords: Education, Social Empowerment, Women, Social Access, Decision.

Page No: 68-73

Author: Arpita Mondal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070008

Abstract: Rajarhat New Town, which was built over a vast area of Kolkata, West Bengal, covering parts of North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas, has a left lasting mark on the history of ancient, medieval and British India. However, the main purpose behind conducting this study is to examine Rajarhat New Town as a Smart Green City, to analyze Rajarhat New Town’s historical significance in India, to investigate the evolution history of Rajarhat New Town (1995-2024). This research paper conducted using quantitative research methods so, historical and content analysis have been used. The researcher has divided the discussion into Ancient, Medieval and Modern times. In addition, the analysis of the subject is divided into yearly periods. In conclusion, the innovative initiative of Rajarhat New Town carries the title of “Smart Green City” in the world. The seeds of urban civilization are sown by the development of Rajarhat New Town from rural life.

Keywords: Evolution, Rajarhat, New Town, Smart Green City.

Page No: 74-83

Author: Arun Kumar Das & Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070009

Abstract: A combination of online and classroom instruction is used, with the teacher facilitating learning with the help of online resources With the goal of combining the best aspects of both in-person and remote instruction, blended learning—also referred to as b-learning— aims to make learning more effective. Increased learning skills, easier access to material, better learning outcomes and pleasure, and chances to study alongside and instruct others are some benefits of blended learning for students. Because of its flexibility, customization, and increased engagement, blended learning— a mix of online and in-person instruction— is becoming more and more significant in the field of education. Students can access resources from any location, learn at their own speed, and take advantage of both in-person and virtual interactions. This method can boost student pleasure, enhance learning results, and develop critical digital learning abilities. A range of media, including web-based, video-based, and mainframe-based, can be used to achieve blended learning. Because course material, learning objectives and student profiles vary, there is no set formula for using technology in blended learning programs.

Keywords: Blended Learning, Students, Implementation, Benefits, Features.

Page No: 84-93

Author: Mr. Malay Kanti Acharya

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070010

Abstract: This research article explores the layered and intersectional inequities present in rural teacher preparation systems in India, with a particular focus on caste, class, gender, language, and geographic marginalization. While rural education policies have long been concerned with quantity and access, this study delves deeper into the qualitative dimensions of teacher training, examining how structural disparities influence the identity, agency, and professional trajectory of teacher candidates. Drawing on critical pedagogy, feminist theory, and intersectionality, the study analyzes the disconnect between national education policies and local realities, where teacher preparation programs often fail to address the socio-cultural needs of underprivileged communities. The article offers a critique of current teacher education curricula and institutional structures and suggests transformative practices for inclusive, just, and context-sensitive rural teacher preparation.

Keywords: Intersectionality, Rural Education, Teacher Preparation, Caste, Gender Equity, Critical Pedagogy.

Page No: 94-99

Author: Koushik Mishra

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070011

Abstract: This research undertakes a profound exploration of the philosophical foundations of Deep Ecology—a contemporary environmental ethic—and seeks to illuminate its striking consonance with the ancient nondualistic (Advaita) worldview articulated within India’s sacred scriptures. Originating with Arne Næss in 1973, Deep Ecology asserts the intrinsic value and equal significance of all living and non-living entities in the natural world, challenging anthropocentric perspectives that prioritize human interests above those of other beings. Far from being a novel or isolated ideology, this ethical vision resonates deeply with the timeless Vedic understanding of the cosmos as a unified whole, where apparent diversity is but an expression of an underlying singular reality.

By drawing extensively from the Rigveda, the Upanishads, and other classical Indian texts, this study aims to reveal how the core ethical imperatives of Deep Ecology—such as biocentric equality, ecological interdependence, and the dissolution of the self-other divide—are fundamentally embedded in India’s spiritual and philosophical traditions. The Vedic ethos, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of all life and the sacredness of the natural world, provides a rich and nuanced framework that both complements and enriches modern ecological thought. In doing so, this research not only traces the continuity between ancient wisdom and contemporary environmental ethics but also underscores the enduring relevance of Indian philosophy as a source of inspiration and guidance for addressing the pressing ecological challenges of our time.

Keywords: Deep Ecology, Advaita Vedanta, Intrinsic Value of Nature, Vedic Philosophy, Non-dualism, Ecological Ethics.

Page No: 100-105

Author: Dipali Kirtania

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070012

Abstract: In the contemporary world, we find ourselves at a unique juncture where rapid advancements in technology, Psychotherapy can be helpful for the people who are struggling with stressful life events, trauma, medical illness or loss. It is often regarded as the connecting point between the East and West. Many of the core concepts in psychotherapy can be traced back to the key elements within three main Eastern philosophical schools of thought- Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. Eastern psychologies offer ’therapy’ for everyday living as their teachings are designed to assist the person in working toward optimal functioning and psychological well-being. The integration of therapeutic techniques with Eastern philosophy offers a comprehensive and holistic approach to stress management and intervention, addressing both the psychological and spiritual aspects of well-being. This dual approach draws from the rich traditions of Eastern philosophies, such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Yoga, and combines them with evidence-based therapeutic practices to provide individuals with effective tools for managing stress and promoting overall mental health. To extend further, Literary Therapy also acts as an integral part of psychological development countering stress. It is the tangential therapy which touches the circle of every therapeutic technique mentioned before. This project aims at unveiling the intersection of varied therapeutic technique and literary therapy in controlling stress through in-depth study.

Keywords: Psychotherapy, Therapeutic, Holistic Approach, Literary Therapy, Stress.

Page No: 106-116

Author: Dipak Mandal & Md. Hanif

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070013

Abstract: Kharagpur, a key industrial hub in West Bengal, has witnessed significant industrialization over the years, driven by its strategic location, railway connectivity, and proximity to major urban centers. This study explores the effects of industrialization on the economic environment and human health in the region. The rapid expansion of industries, including manufacturing, steel production, and small-scale enterprises, has contributed to economic growth, job creation, and infrastructure development. However, industrial activities have also led to environmental degradation, including air and water pollution, soil contamination, and deforestation. Spatio-temporal demarcation of industrial area and assessment of their impact on the environment are still a challenging tasks. Industrial expansion is identified as one of the major stressors to the environment. The results provide a baseline to evaluate future environmental impacts of industrial expansion in the region. This study may help environmentalists, industrial planners, and policymakers to plan regional industrial development and modify the existing policies accordingly for the improvement of the environment quality and better management practices for a sustainable future.

Keywords: Industrialisation, Environmental Effects, Economic Effect, Impact of Human Health.

Page No: 117-122

Author: Dr. Moumita Mitra

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070014

Abstract: The study explores how women educators simultaneously navigate and challenge patriarchal structures within educational institutions and their broader social contexts. Positioned at the intersection of pedagogy and community engagement, these women are not only imparting knowledge but also advocating for gender justice, social awareness, and community development. Despite their transformative potential, they often confront systemic barriers including institutionalized patriarchy, gender stereotypes, work-family conflicts, and resistance to change. This research adopts an interdisciplinary lens—drawing from feminist theory, sociology of education, and development studies—to highlight the complexities and contradictions faced by women educators in both rural and urban India. Through a review of literature, policy analysis, and anecdotal insights, the study emphasizes the need for gender-sensitive educational reforms and supportive leadership frameworks. It reinforces the critical role these educators play in achieving national goals like the NEP 2020 and global commitments such as SDG 4 and SDG 5. Ultimately, the paper calls for structural change to amplify the voices and agency of women educators as pivotal change agents in society.

Keywords: Women Educators, Patriarchy, Educational Leadership, Gender Equity, Community Development.

Page No: 123-130

Author: Dr. Sristidhar Bera

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070015

Abstract: Ayurveda is a significant medical system that has been a side-effect-free medical system from ancient times to modern times. It is a traditional herbal or plant-based medical system. First portion of this study deals with the sources of Ayurvedic treatment such as Atharvaveda, ancient sage Ancient sages and physicians, oral tradition, Ayurvedic scripture, philosophy and logic, Vaishesika and Nyay philosophy. Pancha Mahabhoota, Prakiti, Dosha- (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), Panchamahabhutas, saptadhatu as primary doctrine principles of Ayuvedic treatment appears in second portion. Relevance of Ayurveda in modern times includes holistic wellbeing, natural remedies, stress reduction and mental health, Detoxification, prevention over cure, sustainability and environment, surgery free treatment etc. Forth section deals with the contribution ancient Ayurveda and further suggestion.

Keywords: Ayurvedic Treatment, Panchakarma, Holistic Wellbeing, Natural Remedies.

Page No: 131-139

Author: Rajesh Kumar & Dr. Santanu Biswas

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070016

Abstract: This study explores the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding the effectiveness of curriculum design and delivery in teacher education programs across the Bhagalpur district, Bihar. With the growing emphasis on quality education and the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, understanding how future educators experience and evaluate their training becomes essential. Bhagalpur hosts a range of teacher education institutions, including government colleges like PTEC Nagarpara, PTEC Phulwaria, and DIET Bhagalpur, which offer Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed.) and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programs. Despite formal recognition by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), these institutions vary in terms of infrastructure, faculty development, practicum exposure, and curriculum relevance. Using a qualitative research approach, the study gathers insights through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with pre-service teachers enrolled in these institutions. The findings reveal mixed perceptions: while some trainees appreciate the foundational knowledge and structured modules, many express concerns about outdated content, limited integration of digital pedagogy, and insufficient alignment with real classroom challenges. The practicum component, though present, is often viewed as superficial or poorly coordinated, reducing its impact on professional readiness. Moreover, the study highlights that trainees from marginalized backgrounds face additional barriers, such as language difficulties and lack of academic support, which further affect their engagement with the curriculum. Gender dynamics also influence perceptions, with female trainees reporting constraints related to mobility and safety during field placements. The research underscores the urgent need for curriculum reform that is contextually grounded, inclusive, and practice-oriented. It recommends strengthening school–college partnerships, enhancing faculty training, and incorporating feedback mechanisms to make the curriculum more responsive to trainee needs. By centering the voices of pre-service teachers, the study contributes to the discourse on teacher education quality and offers actionable insights for policymakers, institutional leaders, and curriculum developers in Bhagalpur and similar regions.

Keywords: Pre-service Teachers, Curriculum Effectiveness, Teacher Education, Educational Reform, Trainee Perceptions.

Page No: 140-147

Author: Dr. Urmi Chakraborty

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070017

Abstract: Career counselling enables an individual to identify the strengths and weaknesses associated with him and to select suitable career option for his/ her better future. It’s a systematic approach for an individual’s self understanding. It involves at least two persons, the counsellor and the counselee. The counsellor is an expert and well-equipped person, having knowledge of psychological tests and current position of career opportunities as well. On the other hand a counselee is seeking for career selection, matching with his/ her capacity. Career counselling thus assists an individual logically to decide about a particular career. It also enhances motivation, self confidence and career readiness. It helps to prevent inappropriate choice of career. It also reduces job dissatisfaction and drop out from profession. It ensures individual’s healthy adjustment in the environment and mental well being.

Keywords: Career Counselling, Assessment of Skill, Frustration.

Page No: 148-153

Author: Debasis Rej

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070018

Abstract: Women empowerment in India has emerged as a critical area of focus in the pursuit of gender equality and inclusive development. This overview examines the multifaceted nature of women empowerment, encompassing social, economic, political, and educational dimensions. Historically marginalized in various spheres, Indian women have witnessed significant progress through constitutional guarantees, government initiatives, legal reforms, and grassroots movements. Schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Mahila EHaat, and the Self Help Group (SHG) model have played pivotal roles in promoting financial independence, education, and participation in decision-making processes. Despite these advancements, challenges such as
gender-based violence, unequal access to education and employment, and deep-rooted patriarchal norms persist. This paper highlights the progress made, identifies ongoing barriers, and emphasizes the need for sustained, intersectional efforts to achieve genuine empowerment and equality for women in India.

Keywords: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Mahila E-Haat, Self Help Group, Women Empowerment, Indian Women.

Page No: 154-167

Author: Dr. Prosanta Kumar Mondal

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070019

Abstract: The world is undergoing rapid changes in the knowledge landscape. With various dramatic scientific and technological advances, such as the rise of big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, many unskilled jobs worldwide may be taken over by machines, while the need for a skilled workforce, particularly involving mathematics, computer science, and data science, in conjunction with multidisciplinary abilities across the sciences, social sciences, and humanities, will be increasingly in greater demand. There will be a growing demand for humanities and art, as India moves towards becoming a developed country as well as among the three largest economies in the world.

Keywords: Knowledge, Dramatic, Technological Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Multidisciplinary Abilities.

Page No: 168-176

Author: Dr. K. Jayaraman & S. Dominc Lawrance

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070020

Abstract: Multimedia equipment is part of ICT facilities. The study aims to find out the effects of multimedia on the academic achievement of the students at secondary level. The main objectives of the study were (i) to find out effects of multimedia on the academic achievement of the students at secondary level. (ii) to assess the application of multimedia during the class and their effects on the student academic achievement. The investigator has used the experimental method for this study. The study is quasi-experimental wherein a pretest-posttest non-equivalent groups design was employed. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument. It was concluded that, given the lack of multimedia at school, it is recommended that the government provide multimedia services to the school.

Keywords: Multimedia, Technology, Academic Achievement, Secondary School.

Page No: 177-183

Author: Anis Chattopadhyay & Prof. (Dr.) Sujit Mukherjee

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070021

Abstract: In advertising, language is often creatively modified to align with the nature of the product and the target audience. These deliberate adjustments help grab the attention of potential consumers and steer their perception of the product in a particular direction. By reshaping linguistic structures, advertisers prompt audiences to reframe their understanding of language in ways that align with advertising goals. Copywriters strategically craft language to fit the product’s identity and appeal to its audience, setting advertising discourse apart from everyday speech. This approach allows for both clear, persuasive messaging and more nuanced, implicit communication. This paper outlines a framework for categorizing and analyzing common linguistic patterns in advertisements, laying the groundwork for an experimental study that aims to objectively evaluate how these patterns influence consumer behaviour.

Keywords: Advertising, Language, Linguistic, Bengali, Copy writer.

Page No: 184-195

Author: रञ्जित वाग्दी

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070022

Abstract:

पुराणशब्दस्य व्युत्पत्तिगतार्थः भवति प्राचीनकाहिनी। प्राचीनपुराणेषु प्रदत्तसंज्ञानुसारं पुराणं भवति पुराकालस्य विवरणम्। यद्यपि पुराकाले तथा च अतीतकाले एतादृशी घटना अभूत् तस्मात् एतदर्थं नाम भवति पुराणम्। यतो हि प्राचीनमत्स्यपुराणे समुल्लिखितमस्ति यत् “पुराणस्य कल्पस्य पुराणानि विदुर्वुधाः”1। ‘पुराण’ शब्दः विशेषार्थे व्यवह्रयते। पुराणं भवति विशेषवैशिष्ट्यपूर्णः एकः धर्मग्रन्थः। वराहपुराणे वर्णितं पौराणिकधर्मानुसारं भक्तितत्त्वम् -एष विषयः वैष्णवागमे अतीव महत्वपूर्णः। वराहपुराणे भगवान् विष्णोः वराहावतारस्य माहात्म्यं प्रधानतया वर्ण्यते, तथापि तत्र भक्तेः स्वरूपं, प्रकाराः, श्रेष्ठता च विषदतया निरूपितानि सन्ति। पौराणिकधर्मे भक्तिः केवलं उपासना न, अपितु मोक्षप्रदं महान् साधनमार्गः इति तत्र प्रतिपाद्यते। पुराणशब्दस्यार्थः भवति प्राचीनकथा प्राचीनकाहिनी च। पुराण इत्युक्ते इतिहासमपि अववोध्यते। किन्तु इतिहासं पुराणञ्च सम्पूर्णं भिन्नं भवति। यतो हि इतिहासं भवति अतीतकालस्य घटना। अपरञ्च पुराणं भवति सुदीर्घभूतकालस्य घटना। इतिहासशब्दस्य व्युत्पत्तिगतार्थः इति आस् एवमपि आसीत्।

महर्षिः वेदव्यासः सर्वाणि पुराणानि संस्कृतभाषायां सङ्कलितं कृतवान्। पुराणस्य आभिधानिकार्थः भवति प्राचीनम्। अथर्ववेदे चतुर्णां वेदानां वर्णनमस्ति। ततःपरं पुराणस्य उल्लेखः समुलभ्यते। वेदस्य भाषाशैली किञ्चित् कठीनमस्ति तस्मात् पुराणे कथानुसारं वेदस्य विषयाः सरलभाषया व्याख्यां क्रीयते स्म। पुराणं कस्यचित् व्यक्तेः जीवने परिवर्तनं साधयितुं समर्थः भवति।

Keywords: प्राचीनकाहिनी, पुराकाल, वराहपुराण, वराहावतार, अथर्ववेद.

Page No: 196-203

Author: সঙ্গীতা পাল

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070023

Abstract: The most significant characteristic of ‘Philosophy of Bengalees’ is that Bengalee’s philosophy is inherent in their literature. From the era of Charyapada to the contemporary time, the Bengalee maintained this tradition. With our deep observation, we understand that most of the Bengalee novelists, poets are also philosophers. They did not discuss literature and philosophy separately, rather gathered their philosophical thoughts that flourished in their writings. Bibhutibhushan Bandhyopadhyaya was one of them. He was a eminent novelist of contemporary Bengali literature and also followed the tradition of ‘Philosophy of Bengalees’. His literary contribution is undeniable. Additionally, he is regarded as a philosopher. His unique focus on environmental concern is consistently reflected throughout his creative works. In this paper, the researcher has introduced his philosophical thoughts on the ethical standpoint of, and she has tried to answer such questions: a) How did he support non-anthropocentric environmental ethics in his novel Aranyak? b) How did he support the conceptual connection of ecofeminism in his writings? c) Based on his diaries, how did he explain his environmental concern, environmental crisis, world crisis, the crisis of human existence, and so on? The researcher adopts an analytic method, examining his novels and diaries, ultimately revealing how his non-anthropocentric perspective consistently emerges throughout all related discussions.

Keywords: Environment, environmental Ethics, Non-anthropocentric Ethics, Ecofeminism, Deep Ecology.

Page No: 204-212

Author: Fancy Mukherjee

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070024

Abstract: In recent years, the convergence of inclusive education principles and flipped learning models has emerged as a promising approach to foster critical thinking and collaboration skills in diverse classrooms. Inclusive education emphasizes equity, accessibility, and respect for individual learning differences, while flipped learning restructures traditional instruction by delivering content asynchronously and dedicating in-class time to active, student-cantered engagement. This qualitative study explores the influence of inclusive education principles on the implementation of flipped learning and its subsequent impact on the development of students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills. Drawing on data collected from a wide range of academic research papers, the study employs thematic analysis to identify key patterns and relationships between inclusive pedagogy and flipped classroom strategies. The findings reveal that inclusive education principles-such as equitable access to resources, differentiated instruction, and culturally responsive teaching-significantly shape the design of flipped learning environments, ensuring active participation from diverse learners. Within these inclusive flipped classrooms, students demonstrate enhanced critical thinking through reflective engagement, problem-based learning, and peer discussions. Additionally, collaborative skills are strengthened by structured group activities, cooperative problem- solving, and the creation of supportive peer networks. The synthesis of findings underscores that integrating inclusivity into flipped learning not only fosters academic excellence but also promotes social cohesion and interpersonal competence. By uniting the equity-driven framework of inclusive education with the learner-cantered flexibility of flipped learning, educators can create transformative spaces that prepare students for the demands of 21st – century learning and work. The study concludes that inclusive flipped learning is a powerful pedagogical approach capable of addressing diverse needs while enhancing essential cognitive and social skills.

Keywords: Inclusive Education, Flipped Learning, Critical Thinking, Collaboration Skills, Qualitative Study.

Page No: 213-220

Author: Chinibas Mahato

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070025

Abstract: Boolean rings and matrix rings represent two distinct yet foundational structures in ring theory, each contributing uniquely to both theoretical and applied mathematics. Boolean rings, characterised by idempotent elements and characteristic two, offer a categorical equivalence to Boolean algebras and model logical operations algebraically. Their structure is inherently simple yet powerful, providing critical insights in digital logic design, error-correcting codes, and cryptographic systems. On the other hand, matrix rings generalise classical linear algebra by encapsulating higher-dimensional operations over arbitrary rings. They reveal rich non-commutative behaviour, ideal structures, and fundamental decomposition theorems such as Wedderburn’s. This paper explores original results about idempotent sums, zero-divisors, and quotient properties in Boolean rings, as well as structural theorems in matrix rings including trace-rank equivalence, invertibility, and ideal generation. Illustrative examples and diagrams support key identities, making abstract properties more tangible. The interplay between these rings demonstrates the versatility of ring theory in bridging abstract algebra, logic, and linear transformation frameworks. Through these investigations, this work contributes novel perspectives and self-contained theorems, advancing the understanding of these classical algebraic objects in a modern context.

Keywords: Boolean Ring, Matrix Ring, Idempotent Element, Non- Commutativity, Ring Theory, Zero-Divisor.

Page No: 221-238

Author: Prasanta Maiti

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070026

Abstract: The study explores the pivotal role of women’s education in fostering comprehensive social, economic, and cultural change. It examines how education empowers women to participate fully in decision-making, enhances economic productivity, improves health outcomes, and promotes gender equality. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as Human Capital Theory, the Capability Approach, and Feminist Pedagogy, the research highlights the historical evolution, current challenges, and far-reaching impacts of educating women. Case studies and global policy examples demonstrate how women’s education creates intergenerational benefits, breaking cycles of poverty and illiteracy while aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The study also addresses persistent barriers—including cultural norms, economic constraints, and safety concerns—and offers policy recommendations for ensuring universal access to quality education for girls and women. By emphasizing both the practical and transformative dimensions of women’s education, this research underscores its necessity as a foundation for inclusive, equitable, and sustainable societal development.

Keywords: Women’s Education, Gender Equality, Societal Transformation, Economic Empowerment, Sustainable Development Goals.

Page No: 239-244

Author: Mamta Sahay & Prof. (Dr.) Shamma Chakraborty

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070027

Abstract:The present study explores the interrelationship between emotional maturity, parenting styles, and socioeconomic status (SES) among college-going adolescents in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. Emotional maturity is a crucial developmental milestone during adolescence, influencing personal, academic, and social outcomes. This research investigates how parenting styles—authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive—impact the emotional maturity of adolescents, and how these dynamics vary across different socio-economic strata.

A sample of 300 college students aged 17–21 years was selected using stratified random sampling from various educational institutions in Jamshedpur. Standardized tools were used to assess emotional maturity and perceived parenting styles, while socio-economic status was classified using established SES scales. The study employed quantitative analysis, including correlation and ANOVA, to examine the relationships among the variables.

Findings indicate a significant correlation between parenting style and emotional maturity, with adolescents from authoritative parenting backgrounds demonstrating higher emotional maturity. Furthermore, SES was found to be a moderating factor, as students from higher SES backgrounds showed better emotional regulation and maturity levels, likely due to increased access to emotional and educational resources.

The study highlights the critical role of parenting and socio-economic conditions in adolescent emotional development and suggests the need for parental guidance programs and community support systems, particularly in lower socio-economic settings.

Keywords: Emotional Maturity, Parenting Styles, Socio-Economic Status, Adolescents, Jamshedpur, College Students.

Page No: 245-250

Author: Dr.Amit Ranjan Chakraborty

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070028

Abstract: भारत एक समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक, सामाजिक और आर्थिक विविधताओं वाला देश है, जहाँ महिला सशक्तिकरण को देश के विकास का महत्वपूर्ण आधार माना जाता है। महिला सशक्तिकरण का तात्पर्य महिलाओं को सामाजिक, आर्थिक, शैक्षिक, और राजनीतिcक रूप से स्वावलंबी बनाना है ताकि वे अपने अधिकारों का संरक्षण कर सकें और समाज में समान भागीदारी कर सकें। यह केवल महिलाओं के हित में नहीं, बल्कि पूरे समाज के समग्र विकास के लिए आवश्यक है। विशेष रूप से बिहार जैसे राज्यों में, जहाँ सामाजिक और आर्थिक असमानताएँ व्यापक रूप से विद्यमान हैं, महिला सशक्तिकरण की आवश्यकता और भी अधिक बढ़ जाती है।

बी.एड. प्रशिक्षु यानी वे छात्र जो शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण प्राप्त कर रहे हैं, वे आने वाले समय में शिक्षा क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाएंगे। वे न केवल छात्रों को ज्ञान देंगे बल्कि सामाजिक मूल्यों और संवेदनाओं का संचार भी करेंगे। इसलिए, उनकी महिला सशक्तिकरण के प्रति अभिवृत्ति यानी उनकी सोच, दृष्टिकोण और व्यवहार अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है। यदि बी.एड. प्रशिक्षु महिला सशक्तिकरण के प्रति सकारात्मक सोच रखते हैं, तो वे शिक्षा के माध्यम से महिलाओं को सशक्त बनाने में अहम भूमिका निभा सकते हैं। इसी कारण इस विषय का अध्ययन अत्यंत आवश्यक हो जाता है।

भारत में महिला सशक्तिकरण के संदर्भ में सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति एक बड़ा कारक है। सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति से आशय परिवार की आर्थिक स्थिति, सामाजिक वर्ग, जाति, रोजगार की स्थिति, और जीवन स्तर से है। ये सभी कारक महिलाओं की शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, सामाजिक स्वतंत्रता और निर्णय लेने की क्षमता को प्रभावित करते हैं। बिहार जैसे राज्यों में जहाँ गरीबी, अशिक्षा और सामाजिक रूढ़िवादिता प्रबल हैं, वहां महिलाओं के सामने कई बाधाएँ आती हैं। ऐसे समाज में महिला सशक्तिकरण को बढ़ावा देना चुनौतीपूर्ण तो है ही, साथ ही अत्यंत आवश्यक भी। बी.एड. प्रशिक्षुओं की सामाजिक-आर्थिक पृष्ठभूमि भी उनकी सोच पर प्रभाव डालती है; जो विद्यार्थी आर्थिक और सामाजिक रूप से मजबूत परिवारों से आते हैं, उनकी महिला सशक्तिकरण के प्रति अभिवृत्ति अलग हो सकती है बनिस्पत उनके जो कमजोर वर्ग से आते हैं।

सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति, व्यक्तिगत भिन्नता एवं शैक्षिक उपलब्धि के परिप्रेक्ष्य में महिला सशक्तिकरण के प्रति बी.एड. प्रशिक्षुओं की अभिवृत्ति: बिहार संदर्भ में एक अध्ययन

Keywords: ҡिɷगत ȭभϿता, शैȭʔक उपलȮѐ, मिहला सशिɷकरण, अȭभवृिͱ, आȭथɋक असमानता

Page No: 251-264

Author: Prosanto Kumar Saha & Dr. Shyamsundar Bairagya

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070029

Abstract: The concept of liberation is one of the fundamental concepts, a central concept in various religious and philosophical traditions of the world. Humans have always had a particularly sincere desire for security, happiness, fulfilment and freedom from the bondage of body and mind. This sincere desire drives people to the path of liberation. Since the ancient Rig Vedic period, sages and sages have organized their lives and paved the way for liberation through the path of austerity, but liberation is not only about gaining heaven. In the state of liberation, one gets eternal freedom from suffering, and once one attains liberation; there is no possibility of suffering returning. There are differences of opinion among various philosophical Schools on this. If human life is lived through morality, the path to liberation is organized. Through this writing, modern machine-made human life will recognize the path to liberation anew, and the path to liberation can be paved even in working life.

Keywords: Concept of Liberation, Indian Philosophy, Present Human Society, Modern Period, Puruṣārtha, Modern Mechanical Human Life.

Page No: 265-276

Author: Jannatul Saheli

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070030

Abstract: Mental illness presents significant barriers to learning, often affecting both cognitive processing and emotional regulation. Traditional pedagogical models that rely heavily on rote memorization and standardized instruction fail to adequately support the diverse needs of mentally ill learners. In contrast, constructivist teaching approaches emphasize learner-centred, experiential, and reflective methods, offering an alternative framework for inclusive education. This study explores how constructivist teaching strategies can address the cognitive and emotional needs of learners with mental health challenges, fostering holistic development and meaningful engagement. The research employed a qualitative methodology based on document analysis of published academic literature, policy reports, and empirical studies in the fields of education, psychology, and mental health. Three objectives guided the study: (i) to examine how constructivist teaching supports the cognitive needs of mentally ill learners, (ii) to investigate its role in addressing emotional needs, and (iii) to evaluate the effectiveness of constructivist approaches in integrating cognitive and emotional development. Findings indicate that constructivist strategies-such as scaffolding, inquiry-based learning, and dialogic teaching-enhance comprehension, adaptability, and reflective thinking, thereby reducing cognitive strain. Simultaneously, emotionally responsive practices such as validation of learner experiences, peer collaboration, and the creation of safe learning environments promote psychological security and motivation. Moreover, the integration of cognitive and emotional dimensions through experiential and project-based learning demonstrates strong potential for holistic learner development. The study concludes that constructivist teaching approaches provide effective pathways for inclusive and transformative education for mentally ill learners, contributing to both academic achievement and emotional resilience.

Keywords: Constructivist Teaching, Emotional Needs, Inclusive Education, Mentally Ill Learners, Qualitative Study.

Page No: 277-285

Author: সাহাবুদ্দিন আহমেদ

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070031

Abstract: ভারতে দীর্ঘকাল যাবৎ বৈদিক ব্রাহ্মণ্য ধর্মের আচার ও যজ্ঞাদি অনুষ্ঠান, দার্শনিক তত্ত্বের প্রাধান্য থাকলেও আধুনিক কাল তথা আধুনিক মনের পক্ষে ব্রাহ্মণ্য আদর্শের চেয়ে বৌদ্ধ আদর্শই অধিকতর উপযোগী। রবীন্দ্রনাথের নিজস্ব ধর্মাদর্শ থাকা সত্ত্বেও বৌদ্ধধর্মের প্রতি তাঁর বিশেষ আকর্ষণ ছিল। তুলনামূলক বিচারে দেখা যাবে বৌদ্ধধর্মের আদর্শের সাথে বেশ কিছু ক্ষেত্রে রবীন্দ্রনাথের ধর্মাদর্শের সঙ্গে বৌদ্ধধর্মের এক গভীর ঐক্য দেখা যায়। রবীন্দ্রনাথের মানবপ্রেমের ধর্মাদর্শের মতোই বৌদ্ধ ধর্মে জ্ঞানকে যেমন উচ্চস্থান দেওয়া হয়েছে তেমনি মৈত্রী-করুণার প্রেরণাও প্রবল। এইজন্যই দেখা যায়, বৌদ্ধধর্মে যেখানে মানুষের আত্মশক্তি ও মোহমুক্ত জ্ঞানের কথা বলা হয়েছে, সেখানেই রবীন্দ্রনাথের প্রধান আকর্ষণ। এইজন্যই বুদ্ধদেব তথা বৌদ্ধধর্মের করুণার বাণী, ত্যাগের আদর্শ ও বিশ্বব্যাপী কল্যাণচিন্তার জয়গানে রবীন্দ্রসাহিত্যের প্রতিটি বিভাগ এমন সমুজ্জল হয়ে উঠেছে।

Keywords: রবীন্দ্রনাথ, বুদ্ধদেব, বুদ্ধ, বৌদ্ধ, বৌদ্ধধর্ম, ধর্মাদর্শ

Page No: 286-294

Author: Sutrisha Chakraborty Nanda

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070032

Abstract: महाभारतं पृथिव्याः एकं बृहत्तममहाकाबम्। महाकाव्यमिदं न कस्य विशेषसम्प्रदाय़स्य धर्मग्रन्थरूपे न केवलं खातमपि तु इतिहासपुराणराजनीतिधर्मनीतिशास्त्राणाम् आकरग्रन्थस्वरुपेखातएकं महाकाव्यम्। इदं महाकाव्यम् सनातनधर्मस्य एकोत्कृष्टं महाकाव्यग्रन्थम्। अयं ग्रन्थः मानवाणां चिन्तायाः एकपूर्णप्रकाशः। महाकाव्यमिदं पञ्चमवेदः इति कथ्यते। महाभारतं महाकाव्यमध्ययेण मानवाणां समाजव्यक्तिवर्गाणां महाभारतं प्रति श्रद्धा जायते। वेदव्यासकृतमहाभारते चत्वारवेदस्य वर्णना उपलभ्यते, अपि च अस्मिन् महाकाव्ये उपनिषदः सारः प्राचीनइतिहासपुराणाणां वर्णना लिपिवद्धमस्ति। महाभारतम् एकमहाकाव्यं तथा धर्मग्रन्थम्। महाकाव्यमिदं ज्ञानविज्ञानस्य राजनीति-अधात्मशास्त्त्रस्य एकसंग्रहं मेलवन्धनम्। महाभारतस्य अतिव्याप्यकथा यथा आकर्षनीयं तथैव अकर्षनीयमस्य महाकाव्यस्य वहुवर्णितानि विचित्राणि चरित्राणि। युधिष्ठिरः अर्जुनः कर्णः भीमः दुर्योधनः शकुनिः च। एतानि चरित्रानि स्वगुणेन गुणान्वितानि। एषां चरित्राणां मध्ये अपरमनेकं चरित्रानि सन्ति येषां मननेन अनुधावनेन महाभारतमध्ययनं सानन्दपूर्णं भवति इति। एषां चरित्राणां मध्ये महामतिभीष्मचरित्रमन्यतममनवद्यम्। महर्षिवेदव्य़ास अस्मिन् महाग्रन्थे सम्पूर्ण धर्मशास्त्रस्य स्वत्वं लिखितवान्। महाभारतम् इतिहासज्ञानस्य भाण्डारस्वरुपम्। पुराकालस्य इतिहासं ज्ञानार्थं वयं महाभारतस्य स्मरणापन्नं भवामः। अतः महाभारतम् ऐतिहासिकधार्मिकराजनैतिकविषयसमन्वितम् ग्रन्थमेकम् गौरवपूर्णम्। महाभारते उल्लिखितं भीष्मपर्वन् अतीवमहत्वपूर्णं रूपे ख्यातम्। भीष्मपर्वणि अन्तर्गतं श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतायाः उद्देश्यं वर्णिता आसीत्। भगवान् श्रीकृष्णस्य अर्जुनं प्रति मुखनिसृतवाणी हि श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतारूपे समादृता। युद्धक्षेत्रे अर्जुनः परिजनं पश्य कदापि युद्धं न चिकीर्षति तु श्रीकृष्णस्य मुखनिसृतवाणीं श्रुत्वा सः युद्धं चकार इति। महभारते वर्णितइतिहासं महर्षिवेदव्यासेन स्वयं दृष्टम्।
महाकावमिदं अष्टादशपर्व्वाणि सम्मनित्वानि। अस्मिन् महाकाव्ये आनुमानिकएकशतसहस्रश्लोकाः सन्ति। इदाणीं क्षणे अस्य महाकाव्यस्य एकस्य महतः चरित्रदेवव्रतस्य (भीष्म) कथा विवदिषामि। महाभारते भीष्मः वृद्धः वयसि उपनीतः आसीत् तथापि युवावत् दृश्यते। सः तस्य पितुः विवाहं दापयति। पुत्रप्रतिमस्य विचित्रवीर्यस्य विवाहार्थं काशीराजस्य तिस्रकन्याः जहार। सुप्रसिद्धभरतवंशस्य सत्यवत्याः पुत्रयोः उत्तराधिकारार्थं स्वस्य उत्तराधिकारं सः न स्वीकृतवान्। सः केवलं पितामहभूत्वा स्वस्य जीवनं व्याप्यं केवलम् अपश्यत् केवलं असेवत परन्तु संसारजीवनात् मुक्तिं नीत्वा न अगच्छत्। इदृशः निर्मोहभीष्मचरित्रः साधुसन्यासिव्यक्तिवर्गानामपि दुर्लभः। द्रोणाचार्यः ब्राह्मणः ततस्वत्तेपि क्षत्रियस्य अस्त्रवृत्ति जग्राह। स हस्तिनापुरराजगृहे आचार्यस्य पदमलंकृतवान्। द्रोनाचार्यवत् कृपाचार्यवत् महामतिभीष्मः अपि एकः विषादजनक एकचरित्रः।

Keywords: दक्षराजकन्यावसोः कामधेनुलुम्विनीं, विषादजनकः नायकः, वशिष्टमुनेः, अष्टावसुभ्रातरः।

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