Current Issue
Year 2026 - March| Volume -4 | Issue -3
Author: Sanjoy Halder
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030001
Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has significantly transformed modern education by enhancing teaching, learning, and administrative processes. ICT tools such as computers, internet resources, learning management systems, and digital media facilitate interactive and student-centered learning environments. The integration of ICT in education improves access to information, promotes collaborative learning, and supports flexible learning opportunities. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, digital divide, lack of teacher training, and limited policy implementation hinder its effective use. This study examines the role of ICT in education, highlighting its significance, reviewing existing literature, and analyzing its impact on teaching and learning while suggesting policy measures for effective implementation.
Keywords: ICT, Digital Learning, Educational Technology, E-Learning, Teaching Innovation.
Page No: 1-6
Author: Mamoni Khamrai
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030002
Abstract: Education of tribal girls plays a crucial role in promoting gender equality, social empowerment, and sustainable development. Despite several government initiatives, tribal girls in the Jungle Mahal region of West Bengal continue to face multiple barriers in accessing education. These barriers include poverty, early marriage, cultural constraints, and inadequate educational infrastructure. The present paper examines the status of girlsâ education among tribal communities in the Jungle Mahal region covering districts such as Paschim Medinipur, Jhargram, Bankura, and Purulia. The study explores educational challenges, gender disparities, and socio-economic factors affecting tribal girlsâ education and suggests policy measures to enhance educational participation and empowerment.
Keywords: Tribal Girlsâ Education, Gender Inequality, Jungle Mahal, Educational Access, Women Empowerment.
Page No: 7-11
Author: Arfi Anjoon
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030003
Abstract: Women empowerment is a crucial factor for achieving gender equality and socio-economic development, particularly in rural and economically backward regions. In Murshidabad district of West Bengal, social welfare schemes and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have played a significant role in enhancing womenâs socioeconomic status. This study examines the impact of social welfare schemes and SHGs on women empowerment in Murshidabad district. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology using thematic analysis of secondary data from government reports, census data, and academic literature. The findings indicate that SHGs and welfare schemes such as Anandadhara, Kanyashree Prakalpa, and skill development programs have improved womenâs financial independence, educational participation, and social status. However, challenges such as poverty, gender discrimination, and limited employment opportunities persist. The study concludes that social welfare schemes and SHGs are effective tools for empowerment. Strengthening policy implementation, expanding financial inclusion, and promoting education can further enhance women empowerment in Murshidabad district.
Keywords: Women Empowerment, Self-Help Groups, Social Welfare Schemes, Murshidabad, Financial Inclusion, Gender Equality.
Page No: 12-16
Author: Debashruti Samanta
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030004
Abstract: āĻŽāϧā§āϝāϝā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝ (ā§§ā§ŠāĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ ā§§ā§ŽāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻ) āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻāĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āώāĻŽā§āϝ, āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϞāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϤāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŖā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝ āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻžāĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤ āĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāϰāĻ āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻŦā§āϧā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύāĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ, āĻŽāĻā§āĻāϞāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ, āĻāϰāĻŋāϤāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϞā§āĻāĻāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāύā§āϝāĻžāϏ, āύāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž, āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāύ, āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āĻĻāĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āĻŽāĻā§āĻāϞ, āĻŽāĻžāϧāĻŦāĻā§āώā§āĻŖā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻā§āϤāύā§āϝāĻāϰāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽā§āĻ āϰāĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϤāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāύāϏāĻŽā§āĻš āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻāϧā§āϝāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāϰāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻā§āϤāύāϤāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻļā§āĻā§āĻāϞāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Keywords: āĻŽāϧā§āϝāϝā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž, āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϤāύāĻž, āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ, āĻŽāĻā§āĻāϞāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĨ¤
Page No: 17-23
Author: Sumana Satpati
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030005
Abstract: The present qualitative study explores the relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy among higher secondary students of Science and Arts streams. Anxiety is a crucial psychological factor influencing academic performance, while self-efficacy reflects studentsâ belief in their capabilities. The study aims to understand differences between streams and the interrelationship of these variables. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis from selected students. Thematic analysis revealed that Science students experience higher academic anxiety due to performance pressure, whereas Arts students exhibit relatively lower anxiety but varying levels of self-confidence. A strong inverse relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy was observed, indicating that higher self-efficacy reduces anxiety levels. The study highlights the importance of psychological support and pedagogical interventions to enhance student well-being and academic success.
Keywords: Anxiety, Self-efficacy, Higher Secondary Students, Science Stream, Arts Stream, AcademicStress.
Page No: 24-30
Author: Md Barkat Sk
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030006
Abstract: Dalit literature, emerging from centuries of social and caste-based oppression in India, serves as a medium for articulating the voices of historically marginalized communities. It functions not merely as a literary endeavor but as a political and social intervention, confronting hierarchies of power and systemic inequities. This study focuses on the novel Jhootan, examining how it foregrounds the experiences of Dalit communities while challenging structures of caste, class, and patriarchy. By analyzing characterization, narrative strategies, thematic preoccupations, and linguistic choices, the study explores the ways in which Dalit literature constructs counter-narratives, preserves collective memory, and asserts agency for subaltern voices. The novel also highlights intersections of gender, labor, and socio-economic marginalization, reflecting broader societal injustices. Situating Jhootan within the continuum of Dalit literary discourse, this research underscores its role in shaping contemporary understandings of caste, identity, and social justice.
Keywords: Dalit Literature, Marginalization, Caste, Subaltern Voices, Jhootan, Identity, Resistance, Social Justice.
Page No: 31-35
Author: Arpita Dey Hazra
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030007
Abstract: The use of multimedia and digital platforms has become increasingly important in improving teaching and learning at the school level. This study focuses on understanding how multimedia tools and digital platforms help in enhancing reading and writing competency among upper primary school children. At this stage of education, students are expected to develop strong reading comprehension and writing abilities to support learning in all subjects. However, many students face difficulties due to limited exposure to engaging learning materials and traditional teaching methods that do not always meet their learning needs.Multimedia tools such as educational videos, animated stories, audio recordings, digital storybooks, and interactive presentations make language learning more interesting and meaningful. These tools support reading skills by combining text with images and sound, which helps students understand content more clearly. Digital platforms such as learning applications, online worksheets, and writing tools encourage students to practice writing regularly. Features like easy editing, spelling support, and guided writing activities help students improve sentence formation, organization of ideas, and overall writing confidence.The study is based on secondary data collected from books, research articles, educational reports, and previous studies related to multimedia learning and digital education. The review of literature shows that students who are exposed to multimedia-based learning demonstrate better reading interest, improved comprehension, and greater willingness to engage in writing activities. Digital platforms also promote self-paced learning and active participation, which are especially helpful for slow learners.The study concludes that multimedia and digital platforms play a supportive and effective role in improving reading and writing competency among upper primary school children. Proper selection of digital content, teacher guidance, and availability of basic digital infrastructure are essential for successful implementation. The study highlights the importance of integrating multimedia-based learning strategies into regular classroom teaching to improve the quality of language education.
Keywords: Multimedia Learning, Digital Platforms, Reading Competency, Writing Competency, Upper Primary School Children, Language Learning.
Page No: 36-42
Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030008
Abstract: The vision of Viksit Bharat emphasizes a transformative education system that harmonizes global knowledge with indigenous wisdom. This qualitative study explores how language, culture, and traditional knowledge systems can be integrated into modern education. Using document analysis and thematic interpretation, the study highlights the need for culturally responsive pedagogy and curriculum reform. The findings suggest that integrating indigenous epistemologies enhances inclusivity, sustainability, and national identity while maintaining global competitiveness.
Keywords: Viksit Bharat, Indigenous Knowledge, Global Knowledge, Educational Transformation, Culture, Language.
Page No: 43-49
Author: Indumoti Bhattacharya
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030009
Abstract: Mobile learning apps have transformed educational environments by fostering active participation among students in classrooms. The methodology of this study employs content analysis to systematically examine a wide range of mobile learning applications, scholarly articles, and educational resources related to the use of mobile apps in learning environments. These apps offer interactive features such as real-time feedback, gamification, and collaborative tools that engage learners more deeply than traditional methods. By supporting diverse learning styles and promoting peer interaction, mobile learning apps enhance motivation, critical thinking, and knowledge retention. However, challenges including digital equity, distraction, and ethical concerns must be addressed for optimal integration. This study explores how mobile learning apps contribute to active student engagement and collaborative learning, offering insights for educators and policymakers to effectively incorporate these technologies in teaching practices.
Keywords: Mobile Learning Apps, Active Participation, Student Engagement, Collaborative Learning, Educational Technology, Interactive Learning, Classroom Innovation.
Page No: 50-59
Author: Kartick Chandra Mandal, Dr. Gopa Saha Roy & Dr. Chandan Adhikary
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030010
Abstract: Nomophobia, characterized as fear or anxiety of being without a mobile phone, is a new topic worrying many students and educators, as it might influence student performance and well-being. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of nomophobia on the academic performance of students based on quantitative research method. A sample of 200 students was taken and standardized instruments were employed to evaluate the levels of nomophobia and academic performance. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. Results showed that most of the students had average to high level of nomophobia and the majority of students in the sample had low to average academic performance. A significant negative correlation was observed between nomophobia and academic performance (r = â0.62, p < 0.01). Regression analysis also demonstrated that nomophobia is a significant predictor of academic performance and accounted for 38% variance (R² = 0.38). The results imply that the higher the mobile phone dependency, the lesser is the concentration level, the poorer the time management and the poorer the academic performance. The study concludes that nomophobia predicts academic performance of students; hence, it is pivotal for educators to advocate responsible mobile phone usage and digital well-being for students.
Keywords: Academic Performance, Concentration, Digital Well-Being, Mobile Phone Dependence, Nomophobia, Time Management.
Page No: 60-69
Author: Soma Jash
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030011
Abstract: The interwoven themes of identity, labour, and the body as places of oppression and resistance are examined in this articleâs analysis of Dalit feminist literature. The daily realities of caste-based marginalization exacerbated by patriarchal structures are highlighted in Dalit womenâs narratives, particularly in autobiographical works and literary testimony. This study shows how these texts reclaim agency by redefining selfhood, narrating labour beyond economic categories, and representing embodied experiences of violence and resistance. It does this by analysing a selection of works by Dalit women writers alongside feminist and intersectional theoretical frameworks. The results show that Dalit feminist narratives are important venues of embodied knowledge production and socio-political critique that subvert both Dalit and mainstream feminist discourses.
Keywords: Examined, Feminist, Labour, Women, Violence, Autobiographical.
Page No: 70-78
Author: Pralay Mahapatra, Dr. Aashi Dixit & Sanjay Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030012
Abstract: Nickel (Ni) contamination in riverine ecosystems has emerged as a significant environmental concern due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and anthropogenic activities. As a heavy metal, nickel persists in aquatic environments and poses serious risks to aquatic organisms, particularly fish, which are highly sensitive to water quality changes. This research article examines the sources, distribution, bioavailability, and ecological consequences of nickel contamination in rivers, with a specific focus on its effects on fish population dynamics. The study synthesizes findings from experimental, field-based, and laboratory research to explore how nickel exposure affects fish physiology, behavior, reproduction, growth, and survival rates. Additionally, it highlights bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes that disrupt aquatic food chains. The article also discusses alterations in species diversity, population structure, and ecosystem stability due to prolonged nickel exposure. Special emphasis is placed on the Indian context, where industrial effluents and agricultural runoff contribute significantly to river pollution. The study concludes by recommending sustainable management strategies, regulatory frameworks, and remediation techniques to mitigate nickel toxicity and preserve aquatic biodiversity.
Keywords: Nickel Contamination, Fish Population Dynamics, Bioaccumulation, Aquatic Toxicity, River Pollution.
Page No: 79-84
Author: Ruma Manna
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030013
Abstract: Metacognitive awareness plays a crucial role in enhancing studentsâ learning processes and academic success. The present study investigates the relationship between metacognitive awareness and academic achievement among higher secondary students. Metacognition, often described as âthinking about thinking,â involves two major components: knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition. These components enable learners to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning strategies effectively.
The study adopts a quantitative research design, focusing on a sample of higher secondary students selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Standardized tools were used to measure studentsâ levels of metacognitive awareness, while academic achievement was assessed through their examination scores. Statistical techniques such as correlation analysis and comparative tests were employed to examine the nature and strength of the relationship between the variables.
Keywords: Metacognitive Awareness, Academic Achievement, Higher Secondary Students, Self-Regulated Learning, Cognition, Learning Strategies, Educational Psychology.
Page No: 85-94
Author: Soma Pal
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030014
Abstract: Our nation celebrates its rich cultural diversity and is noted for âUnity in Diversityâ. Yet, behind this lies a troubling reality of gender inequality. While all gender are legally respected, societal behaviour towards third gender individuals remain biased. Despite recognition, third gender people struggle for peace and harmony in our present day. Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. Education enhanced peoples understanding of themselves In world. It promotes the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Everyone has a gender identity, nowadays in India there are three genders; Male, Female and Third gender. Individuals who challenge conventional binary gender concepts and whose gender identity, behaviour does not follow to their biological sex are sometimes referred to as third gender. The main objectives of this paper are to focus on problems face by third gender to learn education and provide suggestions for their educational status.
Keywords: Education, Third Gender, Challenge, Suggestions, Promotes.
Page No: 95-99
Author: Zinnat Sultana
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030015
Abstract: āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻā§āĻ, āϝāĻž āĻāĻ ā§āϰ āĻāĻāύāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύ⧠āĻāύāĻāϞā§āϝāĻžāĻŖāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞā§āĻĒ āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞāϤ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻā§āĻ āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĢā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļāĻŋāĻĒ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞā§āĻĒâ âāĻāύā§āϝāĻžāĻļā§āϰā§â āĻ âāϰā§āĻĒāĻļā§āϰā§â-āϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻā§ āϝā§, āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ (Conditional Cash Transfer) āĻŽāĻĄā§āϞā§āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϧāϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻāϝā§āĻā§āϝāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāϞā§āĻ, āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§āϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻāύāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤
āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§āϰā§āĻļāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻā§āϞāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϤ (Case Study) āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻā§ āϝā§, āĻĒāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻžāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž, āĻāϰāĻŽ āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āϝ, āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§āύāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āϏāĻāĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻĨā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻā§āώāĻž-ā§Ģ (NFHS-5) āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§, āĻŽā§āϰā§āĻļāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Ģā§Ģ.ā§Ē%, āϝāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āĻĒāϰā§āϤā§āϝāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ âāĻā§āĻļāϞāĻāϤ āĻāύā§āĻāϤā§āϝâ (Strategic Compliance) āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻā§, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻāϰāĻž āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āĻĻāĻžāύ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻļāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ ā§§ā§Ž āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāϞā§āĻ, āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āύāĻĨāĻŋāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ āύā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋ âāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš-āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻâ āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ âāϏā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰāϤāĻž-āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻâ āĻŽāĻĄā§āϞ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻāϰāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞ āύāĻāϰāĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϰ āϏā§āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āώā§, āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϰ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖā§āĻĻāύāĻž āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāϰāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽā§āϞ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϝāĨ¤
Keywords: āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš, āĻāύā§āϝāĻžāĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞā§āĻĒ, āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻā§āĻ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰāĻžā§, āύāĻžāϰ⧠āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžā§āύ, āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻž āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžā§āύ, āĻŽā§āϰā§āĻļāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻā§āϏ āϏā§āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŋāĨ¤
Page No: 100-112
Author: Sk Md Asique
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030016
Abstract: āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϰ āĻ āϰāĻŖā§āϝ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāύāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰā§āϰ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϏā§āĨ¤ Indian Forest Acts (ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§Ģ, ā§§ā§Žā§ā§Ž, ⧧⧝ā§Ļā§Ļ) āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāύāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāύāϧāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāĻ āĻāĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻž āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āϝ, āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻŽā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĢā§āϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻĒāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻāĻāϤāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻš (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Ģâā§Ģā§Ŧ) āĻ āĻŽā§āύā§āĻĄāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻš (ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§¯â⧧⧝ā§Ļā§Ļ) āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰā§āϧ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻŦāϰāĻ āĻŦāύāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāύāϧāĻžāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āϰāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰā§āϧ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝā§, āĻŦāύ, āĻāύāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āώāĻŖ, āĻ āϏāύā§āϤā§āώ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰā§āϧā§āϰ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻļāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύāĻā§āώā§āĻ ā§āϰ āĻŦāύāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāύ, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϤāĻāϏāĻāϝā§āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Keywords: āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ, āĻ āϰāĻŖā§āϝ āĻāĻāύ, āĻāύāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻš, āϏāĻžāĻāĻāϤāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻš, āĻŽā§āύā§āĻĄāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšāĨ¤
Page No: 113-118
Author: Sumana Das
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030017
Abstract: āĻļāϰā§āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāύā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧠āύāĻžāϰā§āĻā§āϤāύāĻž āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻž āĻāĻā§ āĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻā§āϤāĨ¤ āĻļāϰā§āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϰāĻāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ, āĻŦāĻžāϞā§āϝāĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻš, āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŦāĻž-āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦā§āώāĻŽā§āϝ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰā§āώāϤāĻžāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽā§āĻš āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ āϤā§āϞ⧠āϧāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§āĻ āύāĻžāϰā§āĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻŽāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽ, āϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āϏā§āĻŦāϤāύā§āϤā§āϰ āϏāϤā§āϤāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
âāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāϏâ-āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāϤ⧠āĻāϤā§āĻŽāϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻ āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧāĻā§āϤāĻž, āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϤāĨ¤ âāĻļā§āϰā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϤâ-āĻāϰ āϰāĻžāĻāϞāĻā§āώā§āĻŽā§ āĻ āĻ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŋāύāĻŋāώā§āϧ āĻ āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰ⧠āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύ āϏāϤā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ âāĻāϰāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻšā§āύâ-āĻ āύāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻāĨ¤
āĻļāϰā§āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύāύāĻŋ; āĻŦāϰāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āύāĻžāϰā§āĻā§āϤāύāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāϞ, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āύāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻĒāĻā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŽāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
Keywords: āύāĻžāϰā§āĻā§āϤāύāĻž, āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻž, āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻŽāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āϏāϤā§āϤāĻž, āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĨ¤
Page No: 119-122
Author: Mahadeb Nandi
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030018
Abstract: āĻāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻž; āĻŦāϰāĻ AI āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϏāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻĻā§āϝ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĨ¤ AI-āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āϏāĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž, āĻāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϤāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻā§ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻ āύāĻŽāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāϰ⧠āϤā§āϞāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧠AI-āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϏā§āϝā§āĻ, āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧠AI-āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏā§āϝā§āĻ, āĻā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻā§āĻ āĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āĻā§āϞ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŖāĻāϤ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāϤāĻž, āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻŦā§āĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧠AI āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻļā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻš āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ, āϤāĻžā§āĻā§āώāĻŖāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰ⧠āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻā§āϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ, āĻāĻŋāĻāϏā§āĻĒā§āĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻ āύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻāϰāĻā§, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĨ¤
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āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž, āĻĻāĻā§āώ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻāύā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻŦā§āϧā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏā§āώāĻŽ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ AI-āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻā§āĻā§āϞ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ, āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāĻĄāĻŧā§ āϤā§āϞāϤ⧠āϏāĻā§āώāĻŽāĨ¤
Keywords: āĻā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŽāϤā§āϤāĻž, AI-āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻā§āĻā§āϞ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž, āĻāĻŋāĻāϏā§āĻĒā§āĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύ, āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻž, āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāύāĨ¤
Page No: 123-128
Author: Jayant Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030019
Abstract: This qualitative research study investigates risk perception and mutual fund investment behaviour among individual investors in Ranchi, Jharkhand. Employing a phenomenological design, the study explores the lived experiences, economic determinants, and cognitive decision-making processes that govern investorsâ engagement with mutual fund products. Guided by three primary research questions and aligned objectives, in-depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected retail investors. Thematic analysis revealed that investorsâ risk perceptions are significantly shaped by financial literacy, past investment experience, income stability, and prevailing market sentiments. The decision-making process is characterised by a blend of rational calculation and emotional heuristics. Findings contribute to the emerging discourse on behavioural finance in Tier-2 Indian cities and carry practical implications for financial advisors, fund houses, and policymakers seeking to deepen market participation in non-metropolitan regions
Keywords: Risk Perception, Mutual Fund Investment, Behavioural Finance, Investor Behaviour, Ranchi, Decision-making, Financial Literacy.
Page No: 129-138
AuthorSatyapal Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030020
Abstract:
The rapid growth of urbanization and technological advancements has led to the emergence of smart cities, where efficient infrastructure planning plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable development and improved quality of life. Prioritizing smart city infrastructure projects involves evaluating multiple conflicting criteria such as economic feasibility, environmental sustainability, technological readiness, social impact, and resource constraints. These criteria are often characterized by uncertainty and vagueness due to subjective human judgments and incomplete information.
In this paper, a hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework is proposed for smart city infrastructure prioritization under uncertainty. The proposed model integrates fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and goal programming to provide a comprehensive decision-support system. Fuzzy AHP is employed to determine the rel-ative importance of evaluation criteria using linguistic assessments, while fuzzy TOPSIS is utilized to rank infrastructure alternatives based on their closeness to ideal solutions. Furthermore, goal programming is incorporated to optimize the satisfaction of multiple decision objectives and ensure balanced resource allocation.
A numerical case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed framework. The results indicate that the hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach provides consistent, robust, and reliable prioritization outcomes, enabling decision makers to effectively manage complex urban infrastructure planning problems. The proposed model can serve as valuable tool for policymakers, urban planners, and engineers in the development of sustainable and intelligent smart city systems.
Keywords: Fuzzy sets, Multi-criteria decision making. Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy
Page No: 139-157
