Author: Dr. Amardeep Sinha1 Dr. Narayan Kumar2 Dr. Koomkoom Khawas3
DOI Link:
Abstract: Nuclear waste management remains one of the most critical challenges in ensuring the sustainability of nuclear energy and mitigating its environmental impacts. This review explores the chemistry underlying various strategies employed for the safe handling, treatment, and disposal of nuclear waste. The paper categorizes nuclear waste into high-level, intermediate-level, and low-level types, discussing their chemical composition and sources. Advanced chemical processes, including solvent extraction, ion exchange, and vitrification, are analyzed for their effectiveness in reducing waste volume and enhancing stability. The role of long-term storage solutions, such as geological repositories, is examined, with a focus on the chemical stability of waste forms and containment materials. Additionally, the environmental implications of nuclear waste are evaluated, highlighting the risks of leakage and the development of chemical strategies to mitigate contamination. Recent innovations, such as novel materials for containment and the recycling of spent nuclear fuel, are reviewed for their potential to address existing challenges. The paper also delves into regulatory frameworks and public perceptions that influence waste management policies. By presenting a comprehensive overview of the chemical aspects of nuclear waste management, this review aims to provide insights into future directions and the development of sustainable practices in the field.
Keywords: Nuclear waste management; High-level waste (HLW); Nuclear chemistry; Solvent extraction.
Page No: 44-56