Author: Debadatta Ghosh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04040016
Abstract: The rapid growth of electronic devices, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, wearable technologies, and wireless sensor networks has significantly increased global energy consumption and electronic waste. Conventional battery-powered systems present limitations in sustainability, including limited lifespan, environmental pollution, and maintenance challenges. Hybrid energy harvesting (HEH) technologies have emerged as a promising solution to address these concerns by integrating multiple renewable energy sources—such as solar, thermal, mechanical, radio frequency (RF), and vibration—into unified systems capable of generating continuous power for low-energy electronics. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, design principles, materials, optimization strategies, applications, challenges, and future directions of hybrid energy harvesting systems for sustainable and eco-friendly electronics. The study highlights how hybridization improves reliability, energy density, and efficiency compared to single-source harvesters. Additionally, the paper discusses emerging trends such as AI-based power management, flexible materials, nanogenerators, and self-powered smart devices. Hybrid energy harvesting represents a critical pathway toward carbon-neutral electronics and next-generation sustainable technological ecosystems.
Keywords: Hybrid Energy Harvesting, Sustainable Electronics, Renewable Energy, IoT Devices, Green Technology, Power Management, Nanogenerators.
Page No: 111-118