Author: Pratik Kumar Verma
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03090006
Abstract: The role of social movements in shaping tribal political consciousness in Jharkhand is rooted in a long history of resistance against colonial exploitation and cultural suppression. Beginning with early uprisings such as the Dhal Revolt, Tilka Manjhi Movement, and the iconic Birsa Munda Rebellion, these movements united disparate tribal groups to assert land rights, preserve cultural identity, and challenge external dominance. Over time, these interconnected forms of social and cultural mobilization coalesced into a powerful political movement seeking autonomy and self-governance, culminating in the formation of Jharkhand state in 2000. The revival of customary practices and cultural traditions has strengthened community solidarity, providing the social foundation for sustained political awareness and active participation. Supported by constitutional provisions reserving parliamentary and legislative assembly seats for Scheduled Tribes under Articles 330 and 332, as well as landmark laws like the Forest Rights Act (2006) recognizing tribal land rights, these movements have institutionalized tribal political representation and empowerment. Collectively, the trajectory of social movements in Jharkhand illustrates how cultural identity, customary practices, and political activism intertwine to produce enduring tribal political consciousness, ensuring that tribal communities play a decisive role in shaping the region’s democratic governance and development.
Keywords: Jharkhand, Tribal Social Movements, Political Consciousness, Tribal Uprisings, Dhal Revolt, Birsa Munda Movement, Tilka Manjhi Revolt.
Page No: 54-64