Author: Dr. Arfi Anjoon
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02110029
Abstract: Women’s autonomy has emerged as a central indicator of gender equality and sustainable development. Despite constitutional guarantees and global commitments, women across societies continue to experience marginalization in social, economic, and political domains. This paper critically examines the transition from marginalization to empowerment by analysing women’s autonomy across these three interrelated spheres. Grounded in feminist theory, the capability approach, and gender–power frameworks, the study explores how structural inequalities, cultural norms, and institutional arrangements shape women’s agency. Drawing on an extensive review of interdisciplinary literature, the paper demonstrates that empowerment is neither linear nor uniform, but a contested process mediated by power relations. The analysis highlights how education, economic participation, and political inclusion enhance autonomy, while persistent patriarchy, informalization of labour, and symbolic political representation constrain transformative change. The paper argues for an integrated and intersectional approach to women’s empowerment that simultaneously addresses social norms, economic justice, and democratic participation.
Keywords: Women’s Autonomy, Marginalization, Empowerment, Gender Equality, Political Participation.
Page No: 250-254