Author: Indrojit Saha & Dr. Samir Chattopadhyay
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050001
Abstract: Education plays a crucial role in shaping societies and fostering sustainable development. However, tribal communities in West Bengal continue to face deep-rooted social inequalities that hinder their access to quality education. This paper explores the role of education in addressing these disparities, highlighting the challenges faced by tribal populations, including economic hardships, cultural barriers, and inadequate educational infrastructure. Despite various governmental and non-governmental initiatives, many tribal students struggle with systemic exclusion, which perpetuates cycles of poverty and marginalization.
The study examines existing policies and programs aimed at promoting inclusive education for tribal communities. It evaluates their effectiveness in bridging the socio-economic gap and identifies areas where improvements are necessary. Furthermore, it discusses the significance of culturally responsive pedagogy, community involvement, and policy reforms in making education more accessible and relevant to tribal learners. Ensuring that tribal students receive education in a language and context that align with their cultural identity is essential for their academic success and social integration.
Additionally, this research underscores the importance of integrating sustainability into educational frameworks to empower tribal communities with skills for economic self-reliance. Education should not only focus on literacy but also equip individuals with knowledge and resources for sustainable livelihoods. The paper concludes by advocating for a holistic approach that combines policy support, community participation, and culturally inclusive educational practices to reduce social inequalities. Addressing these challenges is imperative to ensuring that education serves as a bridge to equity and sustainable development rather than reinforcing existing disparities.
Keywords: Education, Social Inequality, Tribal Communities, West Bengal, Sustainability
Page No: 1-12
Author: Sarpreet Kaur
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050002
Abstract: Mathematics anxiety is a prevalent issue that significantly impacts students’ learning experiences and outcomes. While extensive research has focused on students’ perspectives, there is a lack of studies exploring teachers’ experiences in addressing mathematics anxiety in the classroom. This phenomenological study discovers the lived experiences of secondary school mathematics teachers who work with students exhibiting mathematics anxiety. The study discovers the emotional, pedagogical, and professional challenges teachers face through in-depth interviews with ten secondary school mathematics teachers from diverse educational settings. The findings reveal three teachers’ tral themes: emotional labour and empathy, adaptive strategies, and the need for institutional support. Teachers often experience emotional strain as they empathize with anxious students, necessitating the development of adaptive teaching methods to alleviate anxiety and foster a supportive learning environment. However, a lack of institutional resources and professional development opportunities hampers their efforts. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive teacher training programs and institutional policies that equip educators with the necessary tools to effectively support mathematics-anxious students. By illuminating teachers’ perspectives, this research contributes to a more holistic understanding of mathematics anxiety and informs strategies to enhance teaching practices and student well-being.
Keywords: Mathematics anxiety, phenomenology, teacher experiences, secondary education, instructional strategies, emotional labour
Page No: 13-21
Author: Anisha Nandy & Surapati Pramanik
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050003
Abstract: The study compares the professional development of the science teachers at the secondary school level in India, Singapore, and the USA. It follows a qualitative method pursuing document-based analysis. The comparison reveals that for India, secondary science teachers’ professional development is generally centred on some theoretical knowledge including some routine-based practical implications. For Singapore, the country follows reform-type and school-based professional development, followed by proper mentoring system, research publication, and ranking and promotion system. In the USA, professional development follows inquiry teaching in astudent-friendly learning environmentenvisioning core ideas, practices, and coherence through various teaching shifts mainly after Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).
Keywords: Professional development, teacher education, science teaching, science teacher, school science education
Page No: 22-59
Author: Amandeep Kaur
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050004
Abstract: This qualitative study explores the emotional experiences of high-achieving students facing anxiety, examining how academic pressures impact their psychological well-being. Utilizing semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, the research delves into students’ lived experiences, perceptions, and coping mechanisms related to anxiety. Participants included fifteen academically successful undergraduate students from diverse educational backgrounds. Thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: the hidden burden of academic excellence, coping strategies and support systems, and the profound impact of anxiety on overall well-being. Findings highlight that high achievers often mask their anxiety behind a façade of academic success, contributing to underdiagnosis and insufficient support. Students primarily reported employing personal coping strategies such as isolation, perfectionism, and overachievement, while institutional support was perceived as limited. This study emphasizes the necessity for increased awareness, tailored psychological interventions, and institutional support frameworks to address anxiety among academically successful students. These insights could assist educators, psychologists, and policy makers in designing targeted mental health programs that better address the complex needs of high-achieving yet anxious students.
Keywords: Anxiety, High-achieving students, Emotional wellbeing, Academic pressure, Coping mechanisms, Qualitative study
Page No: 60-70
Author: দীপেশ কয়াল
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050005
Abstract: বাংলা ভাষা বাঙালি জাতির প্রাণের দোসর। জন্ম গ্রহণ করার পরেই শিশু ভাব প্রকাশ কল্পে প্রয়োজন বোধ করে ভাষা। এবঙ্গের প্রতিটি সন্তান বাংলা ভাষাকে আশ্রয় করে অন্তরের বেদনা, হাসি কান্না প্রকাশ করে। বিদ্যাসাগরের বর্ণপরিচয় সবাকার কাছে প্রাণের সম্পদ। বাংলা ভাষার লিপিকে সহজভাবে সহজ রূপে মানুষের কাছে পৌঁছে দিতে বিদ্যাসাগরের এক অনন্য প্রচেষ্টা। বাংলা গদ্যের জনক কেবল নন তাঁর যুগান্তরকারী শিশুপাঠ্য বর্ণপরিচয়। বাংলা বর্ণমালার সৌন্দর্য বিধান তার হাতেই সৃজিত হয়েছে। তিনি বাঙালি জাতির কাছে উপঢৌকন দিয়েছেন অ আ কিংবা ক খ এর মত বর্ণের সম্ভার। ‘বর্ণপরিচয়’ পুস্তক বাংলা বর্ণ শিক্ষার প্রাথমিক পুস্তিকা। বিদ্যাসাগর বাংলা বর্ণমালাকে সংস্কৃত ভাষার অযৌক্তিক শাসন জাল থেকে মুক্ত করেন। বিশেষত বাস্তববোধের প্রয়োগে উক্ত বর্ণমালার সংস্কার সাধনে প্রবৃত্ত হন। শিশুদের কাছে বর্ণপরিচয় বাংলা ভাষা শিক্ষার প্রথম সহায়ক পুস্তক- বড়দের কাছে এক অনন্য সম্পদ। মধ্যযুগীয় কাব্যময় জগত থেকে উত্তীর্ণ হয়ে উনবিংশ শতাধীর প্রথম পাদে গদ্য শিল্পের সংরূপ সৃজিত হয়। অনুবাদকর্ম ও নবতম সংযোজন বাদে ব্রতী হয়ে আত্মপ্রকাশ গদ্য শিল্পী হিসেবে বিদ্যাসাগর মহাশয়। বাংলা সাধুগদ্যের এক মান্য ধ্র&বক তিনি নির্দেশ করেন। কল্পনা ও স্বকীয় ভাবনার সংমিশ্রণে তিনি বাংলা গদ্যের নবতম স্রষ্টা। ছন্দময় গতিশীল সরস ও সুমধুর শিল্পের জন্মদাতা ছিলেন বিদ্যাসাগর। পূর্বতম সময়ে গদ্যের প্রবাহ শুরু হলেও শিল্প গুণান্বিত কিংবা পাঠক হৃদয়ে ছোঁয়ার মতো বর্ণনা পূর্ববর্তী শিল্পীদের ছিল না। স্বতন্ত্র বর্ণনার ভঙ্গিমায় সাধুবাদের মধ্য দিয়ে স্বাভাবিক গদ্যের বর্ণনাতীত মাধুর্য ছিল বিদ্যাসাগরের গদ্যে। দার্শনিক, পণ্ডিত, সংস্কারক, অনুবাদক কিংবা অধ্যক্ষ পদে আসীন বিদ্যাসাগর হিন্দি, সংস্কৃত, ইংরেজি ভাষার সাহিত্যকে অবলম্বনে অনুবাদ শিল্পকর্ম প্রাধান্য পেয়েছে তার সাহিত্যে। ব্যক্তিগত অনুভূতি কিংবা আবেগ প্রকাশ পেয়েছে চরিত্রের মুখে বক্তব্য বর্ণনায়। ছদ্মনামের আড়ালে সংস্কার মূলক চিন্তা কে প্রাধান্য দিয়েছেন লিখন শিল্পের মৌলিক চিন্তা বা বর্ণনা যাই বলি না কেন কল্পনা শক্তির পান্ডিত্য তার গদ্যশিল্পের নব সংযোজন।
Keywords: অনুবাদ, অশ্লীল, প্রাণের সম্পদ, স্বকীয়তা, মৌলিক চিন্তা।
Page No: 71-74
Author: রুহুল কুদ্দুস কয়াল
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050006
Abstract: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর এক বিশাল মহীরূহ। বিশ্বব্রহ্মাণ্ডময় বিচরণকারী একজন সাহিত্যিক রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর। মূলত বিশ্ববন্দিত কবি রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর বিশ্বকবি, সারাদেশব্যাপী রবীন্দ্র সাহিত্য মানবিক মূল্যবোধের খোরাক। কবিতা, গল্প, নাটক, উপন্যাস সহ সাহিত্যের অন্যান্য সংরূপে রবীন্দ্রনাথের লেখনীর আঁচড় পড়েছে। দাম্পত্য জীবন, বাস্তব চেতনা সহ মনঃস্তত্ত্ব উঠে এসেছে তার কথা সাহিত্যে। কাব্য জগতে তিনি অনন্য। সুদূরের পিয়াসী রবীন্দ্রনাথ হেথানয় হোথা নয় অন্য কোন খানে বিচরণ তাঁর কবিতা। মর্ত্য প্রীতি মমত্ববোধ, স্বদেশ চেতনা, ভালোবাসার মতো ভাবাদর্শ প্রাধান্য পেয়েছে রবীন্দ্র সাহিত্যে। ছোট প্রাণ, ছোট কথা আশ্রয় নিয়ে তার ছোট গল্প পাঠকের অন্তরে এক জিজ্ঞাসু প্রশ্নে উত্তীর্ণ। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের সারা দেশব্যাপী সংসার, বিশ্বজনীন তিনি। অসীম ও তার প্রতি রবিন্দ্র মনন ছিল ব্যাকুল। ব্যাকুলতা কবিকে স্থির থাকতে দেয়নি। গীতা ও ভাগবতের শারদ স্যার ছিল রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের “গীতাঞ্জলি”। সাহিত্যের সভ্যসাচী, ত্রিকালজ্ঞ মনিষী ও বিশ্বমানবতার পূজারী রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর। অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিবাদী ভাবধারা ছিল তার নাট্যশিল্প। রবীন্দ্র সাহিত্যে আধ্যাত্মার্গ কিংবা আধি ভৌতিক ও আদি দৈবীক প্রসঙ্গ থাকলেও সারস্বত সত্য প্রতিষ্ঠার হোতা রবীন্দ্র ঠাকুর। মা মাটি মানুষের প্রিয় কবি রবি কবি সবাকার প্রিয়জন। মানুষের শুভ সত্তার উন্মেষ করতে তার সাহিত্য। মানুষের মধ্যে অপরাধবোধের বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিবাদী চরিত্র সৃজনে রবীন্দ্র মনন সার্থ কতা বহন করে। রবীন্দ্রনাথ দেশীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক পরিমন্ডলের অশুভ শক্তিকে চিহ্নিত করেছেন। রবীন্দ্রনাথের ভাষায় পৌরহিত্য শক্তি আধুনিক পরিভাষার “মৌলবাদী শক্তি”।
Keywords: প্রতিবাদী, আদি দৈবিক, সারস্বত, মৌলবাদী, পৌরহিত্য।
Page No: 75-79
Author: ইন্দ্রজিত সরদার
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050007
Abstract: শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় বাংলা সাহিত্যে শিল্প সত্তার এক নব দিগন্ত উন্মোচনের কান্ডারী। উপন্যাস ও ছোট গল্পের মধ্যে বাস্তবচিত্র উ™ঘাটনের মূল হোতা ছিলেন তিনি। রবীন্দ্রনাথ কিংবা বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র পরবর্তী সময়ে বাংলা কথা সাহিত্যের এক নতুন অধ্যায় তুলে ধরেছিলেন। সময় সংস্কার, নারী মনস্তত্ত্ব, কিংবা সামাজিক নগ্ন বাস্তবচিত্র কে তিনি সাহিত্যে প্রতিষ্ঠা দিয়েছেন। জমিদার শাসনব্যবস্থা, সামাজিক কৌলিন্যতার বেড়াজালে আবদ্ধ কন্টাগত প্রাণ মানুষের মুখে সোচ্চার ধ্বনি তুলতে পেরেছিলেন তিনি। সমাজের নগ্ন বাস্তবচিত্র উঠে এসেছে শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের সাহিত্যে। নারী মনস্তত্ত্ব এক নতুন আঙ্গিকে প্রতিস্থাপিত হয়েছে। নারীর প্রণয় কথার পাশাপাশি হৃদয় বাৎসল্যরস প্রাধান্য পেয়েছে। জীবনকে ভাবাবেগের আতিশয্যে দেখার চেষ্টা করেছেন শরৎচন্দ্র। ক্ষুদ্র মানবতার সামাজিক পচন ও অবক্ষয়ের নানান দিগন্ত ফুটে উঠেছে নিষ্কলুষ ভঙ্গিমায়। শরৎ সাহিত্যে পরিবর্তনশীল সমাজের সাথে মানবমন প্রতিনিয়ত পরিবর্তন এই সত্য উঠে এসেছে। দেশপ্রেম নারীমনস্তত্ত্ব সামগ্রিক বাস্তবচিত্র, সমাজ জীবনের খুঁটিনাটি তথ্য প্রাধান্য পেয়েছে তার সাহিত্যে। চরিত্রের মুখের ভাষা হয়েছে জীতন্ত। পাঠক খুঁজে পেয়েছে শরৎ সাহিত্যে প্রাণের নতুন ছন্দ।
Keywords: শিল্প সম্ভাবনা, কৌলিন্য, আতিশয্যে, ক্ষুদ্র মানবতা, নারী মনস্তত্ত্ব।
Page No: 80-84
Author: পীতাম্বর দাস
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050008
Abstract: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ছোট গল্প পাঠক হৃদয়ে সুদূরের প্রিয়াসী। মানুষের ভাবনা, চিন্তা দ্যোতনাবাহী মাধ্যমে প্রকাশ হয়েছে রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ছোট গল্পে। ছোট গল্পের মধ্যে চরিত্রের ভাববাহী ব্যঞ্জনাধর্মী বক্তব্য পাঠককূল কে ভাবিত করেছে। রবীন্দ্রনাথ এক বিশাল মহীরুহ। সারা পৃথিবী ব্যাপী তার সংসার। বিশ্ব মানবতার পূজারী রবি ঠাকুর ছোট প্রাণ আর ছোট ব্যথা গুলোকে বাস্তবসমক্ষে উত্তীর্ণ করেছেন শত ধারায়। সমাজের ছোটখাটো জীবন জিজ্ঞাসার দিকগুলিকে তুলে ধরেছেন সাবলীল ভাবে। সাংসারিক চিত্র, প্রেমিক প্রেমিকার টানাপোড়েন, শ্রমজীবী মানুষের জীবনের ঘূর্ণাবর্ত বাস্তবায়িত করার চেষ্টা করেছেন গল্পের মধ্যে। আদি দৈবিক ও আধি ভৌতিক চর্চার চর্চিত ধারা প্রবাহিত তার গল্পে। গল্পগুলির মধ্যে সুউচ্চ ভাবনা প্রকাশিত হয়েছে। অতিপ্রাকৃত পরিবেশের মধ্যে মর্মস্পর্শী কাহিনীর সঙ্গে মনস্তত্ত্ব প্রাধান্য পেয়েছে। কাহিনীর মধ্যে কথক হয়ে উঠেছে অনেক সময় প্রাণবন্ত। ক্লাইমেক্স এর দ্বারা গতি সঞ্চারিত হয়েছে নাটকীয় ভঙ্গিমায়। তাঁর গল্পে ভক্তি ভাবুকতা, জননী শোক, আত্মার প্রতি আত্মার গভীর সংযোগ হৃদয়বিদারী ভাবনায় চিত্রিত হয়েছে। গল্পের সমাপ্তিতে বিশেষ ব্যঞ্জনাবীর ভাষার দ্বারা পাঠকের কাছে কোন এক বিশেষ ইঙ্গিত ছুঁড়ে দেওয়া হয়েছে প্রায় প্রতিটি গল্প। মানবিক মূল্যবোধের বাণী প্রকাশ করতে চরিত্রের মুখে খোঁচা দিয়েছেন বক্তব্যকে ঘিরে। সামাজিক কৌলিন্যতা, পণপ্রথা, নারী বিদ্বেষন, চরিত্রের গভীরতম মনোনিবেশ সবকিছু এই ব্যঞ্জনা বাহী বক্তব্যের দ্বারা প্রকাশিত। শেষ বাক্যগুলিতে (!) বোধক চিহ্ন পাঠককে বিস্ময় বোধে উদ্বুদ্ধ করে। মানবিক চেতনা নিয়ে হয়তো আরো কিছু হতে পারতো এমন জিজ্ঞাসার চিহ্ন এসে যায় তার গল্পে। মানব মূল্যবোধের প্রকাশ ও এসেছে গল্পের সমাপ্তিতে। হায় ! কে কাহার! আদায়- শব্দগুলি যেন দূরদৃষ্টির প্রতি মনোযোগ এনে দেয় পাঠককে।
Keywords: জননীশোক, মনস্তত্ত্ব, বিশ্বজনীন, জিজ্ঞাসার আর্তি, ভৌতিক।
Page No: 85-90
Author: শাশ্বতী বৈদ্য
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050009
Abstract: জীবনানন্দ দাসের কবিতায় নিসর্গ প্রকৃতির এক স্বতন্ত্র মাত্রা যোগ করেছে। তার কবিতায় বাংলার যেসব চিরায়ত রূপ- নদী, ধানক্ষেত, কাশফুল, পাখির ডাক এ এক বিষণ্ণ অথচ মায়াবী আবহে মূর্ত হয়। এই নিসর্গকে কেবল পটভূমি নয়, বরং তা কবির আবেগ অনুভূতি এবং দার্শনিক ভাবনার প্রতিচ্ছবি। জীবনানন্দের প্রকৃতিতে রংয়ের ব্যবহার বিশেষভাবে উল্লেখযোগ্য। ধূসর, পান্ডুর, মলিন রঙের আধিক্য তার কবিতায় এক বিষন্ন সৌন্দর্য সৃষ্টি করে। প্রকৃতির এই যে রূপ যেন জীবনের ক্ষণস্থায়িত্ব নস্বরতা এবং নিয়তির এক নীরব বার্তা বহন করে আনে। তবে তার নিঃসর্গ চেতনা কেবল বিষাদময় নয়। প্রকৃতির মাঝে কবি খুঁজে পান অনন্ত জীবনের স্পন্দন, যা তাকে এক গভীর উপলব্ধির দিকে চালিত করে। জোৎস্না রাতে প্রকৃতির যে রহস্যময় রূপ অথবা ভোরের স্নিগ্ধতা তার কবিতায় এক ভিন্ন ব্যঞ্জনা সৃষ্টি করে। প্রকৃতির এই দ্বৈত সত্তা বিষাদ জীবনের স্পন্দন।
Keywords: স্পন্দন, স্নিগ্ধতা, পান্ডুর, বিষন্ন, ব্যঞ্জনা।
Page No: 91-95
Author: জয়ন্ত মন্ডল
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050010
Abstract: সাহিত্য সম্রাট বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় নবজাগরণের প্রভাবে বুদ্ধিদীপ্ত মানুষের জ্ঞান চৈতন্যের প্রকাশ তার সাহিত্য। সমাজ জীবনের খুঁটিনাটি তথ্য সহ চরিত্রের টানা পড়েন তার সাহিত্যে প্রতিফলিত। বিদ্যাসাগরের গদ্য কিংবা প্যারীচাঁদ মিত্রের আলালি ভাষার উত্তরণ হয়েছে তার সাহিত্য কর্মের মধ্যে। বিংশ শতাব্দীর প্রথমার্ধে যেমন রবীন্দ্র যুগ বলে ধরা হয় তেমনি উনবিংশ শতাব্দীর শেষের তিন দশক ছিল বঙ্কিমচন্দ্রের যুগ। ঐতিহাসিক, দেশাত্মবোধক, তত্ত্ব সহ সামাজিক গার্হস্থ ধর্মী উপন্যাস রচনার পথিকৃৎ বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়। তার বিশেষ কতকগুলি উপন্যাসের মধ্যে বাঙালি পরিবারের মসৃণ ঘরোয়া কাহিনী বিবৃত হয়েছে যেখানে কোন অদ্ভুত কাহিনী বিন্যাস নেই। তার সামাজিক উপন্যাসের মধ্যে অন্তর্লীন মনস্তাত্ত্বিক গূঢ়ৈষনাও অনুপস্থিত। ট্রাজিক মহিমায় ভাস্বর ছিল তার উপন্যাসের ঘটনার ঘনঘটা। সমাজ বাস্তবতাকে প্রাধান্য দিতে গিয়ে বিধবার প্রেমকে মর্যাদা দিতে পারেননি বঙ্কিমচন্দ্র। বলিষ্ঠ ভাবাবেগের দ্বারা চরিত্রের স্বাভাবিক পরিণতি করতে তিনি অপারক ছিলেন। জীবনের প্রতি গভীর মায়া এবং বাস্তব পরিস্থিতির দ্বন্দ্ব আছে তার উপন্যাসে। উপন্যাসের বৈচিত্র্যতা, রচনা প্রকরণ, উপন্যাসিকের জীবন দর্শনে পরবর্তী যুগে প্রসারতার প্রভাবে তিনি অতুলনীয়। নারীর আকাঙ্ক্ষা এবং তার প্রকৃতির সঙ্গে সংস্কারের দ্বন্দ্ব প্রকাশ করেছেন সাহিত্যিক। পুরুষের নৈতিক অধঃপতন ও মনস্তত্ত্বের দিক থেকে প্রাধান্য লাভ করেছে তার সাহিত্যে পরাধীনতার ক্লান্তি, আবার যুক্তির কষ্টিপাথরে প্রতিটি বিষয়ে যাচায়ের কারণে কাহিনীর গতি ও চরিত্র সৃজন অনেকটা সমতা বিধান হয়েছে। এক কথায় সামাজিক সমস্যার কেন্দ্রীয় মানদন্ড তার সামাজিক ও গার্হস্থ ধর্মী উপন্যাসে সমানভাবে প্রতিফলিত।
Keywords: দ্বন্দ, কষ্টিপাথর, মনঃস্তত্ব, দেশাত্ববোধক, গূঢ়ৈষনা।
Page No: 96-99
Author: Mr. SouravSarkar & Ms. Mrinalini Deb
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050011
Abstract: Abuse can be defined as the excessive or improper use of a substance or practice, often motivated by dependency, escapism, or corrupt intentions that ultimately lead to harm. In this study, substance abuse—particularly among youth—is understood as the habitual misuse of harmful and addictive substances such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin, alcohol, and others. Among slum dwellers, the risk factors for such behavior are often compounded by poverty, lack of education, unemployment, and exposure to environments where drug use is either normalized or seen as a means of coping with hardship. This has led to a concerning rise in youth drug abuse, especially in urban marginalized areas.
The vulnerability of slum-dwelling youth to substance abuse is closely tied to the socio-economic instability they experience on a daily basis. Living conditions in slums are often overcrowded, unsanitary, and unsafe, leaving young people with limited access to recreational spaces, positive social engagement, or meaningful employment opportunities. With little hope for upward mobility or educational advancement, many youths turn to drugs as an escape from the harsh realities they face. In some cases, drug use becomes a social activity, reinforced by peer groups and local subcultures that view addiction not as a danger, but as a routine aspect of daily life.
Moreover, the absence of strong family structures and community-based support makes it even more difficult to intervene early or provide guidance to those at risk. Young people growing up in such environments often lack positive role models, and their exposure to crime, violence, and substance availability further normalizes addictive behaviors. Without targeted intervention, education, and rehabilitation efforts, these patterns are likely to continue, resulting in school dropout, deteriorating health, criminal involvement, and long-term socio-economic exclusion.
The goal of this research is to critically explore the patterns, causes, and consequences of youth drug abuse and to examine its significant implications for health, education, and social well-being. Addictive behavior among youth often stems from a complex interplay of peer pressure, emotional trauma, and socio-economic stressors. As a result, affected individuals suffer from a wide range of issues, including deteriorating physical and mental health, disrupted relationships, and declining participation in education. One of the most damaging consequences of addiction is school dropout, as addicted youth find it increasingly difficult to focus on studies, maintain regular attendance, or participate in academic life. Many students from vulnerable communities disengage from school permanently due to the influence of drugs, further limiting their future prospects. This educational disengagement, in turn, increases their exposure to risky behavior and, in some cases, leads to conflict with the law.
Indeed, youth involved in substance abuse are at a heightened risk of coming into contact with the juvenile justice system, often due to petty crimes, violence, or drug-related offenses. The criminalization of these behaviors not only disrupts their development but also perpetuates cycles of marginalization, making rehabilitation and reintegration more challenging. Thus, the phenomenon of youth drug abuse—especially among slum dwellers—is not an isolated issue but one that is deeply rooted in broader systemic inequalities. It calls for multi-layered strategies that include prevention programs, rehabilitation services, family counseling, and community-based interventions aimed at protecting youth, promoting education, and preventing addictive behavior from becoming a lifelong barrier to opportunity and well-being.
Keywords: Slum dweller, Substance abuse, Addictive behavior, Juvenile justice system, Youth drug abuse, School dropout.
Page No: 100-108
Author: Uttam Kumar Das & Dr.Santanu Biswas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050012
Abstract:
Background: Studentsintoday’sinterconnectedglobalcommunityneedastrongcommandofthe English languageto succeed. Teachers of English who are fluent in the language themselves may have a significant impact on their students’ linguistic development and academic achievement. Their expertise and dedication provide a stimulating classroom setting that motivates students to learn and provides them with the resources they need to reach their linguistic potential.
Objective: The study’s goal is to provide a baseline of knowledge that may be used by future English instructors to improve their students’ language skills and academic performance. Therefore, this research will provide insights that help improve language learning results and bolster students’ experiences in English language classrooms.
Methodology: This is a qualitative research. The study’s researcher collected the information from number of sources on best practices organized by school to inculcate values. Capturing the depth, nuance, and surrounding circumstances of the to picath and is a primary goal. This approach seeks to understand context of competencies of English pre service teachers to enhance students’ achievement in English. Thus a qualitative methodology provides valuable lens to gain insights into the multifaceted nature of effective teaching practices. Moreover, this study will explore the interplay between these competencies that can create a harmonious and enriching educational experience for students, promoting deeper grasp of the English language.Conclusion: The findings of this study will have far-reaching effects on how we train future educators. If these skills are included into pre service teacher education, future educators will be more equipped to meet the varied needs of their students and produce more successful language learners. The outcomes of this research will lead to enhanced instructional practices that will aid students learning English. It will shed light on the crucial characteristics and pedagogical approaches that make for effective learning environments in ESL classes. Language teachers need
Keywords: Capabilities, English, Preservice Teachers, Students, Language Acquisition, Educational Experience.
Page No: 109-121
Author: Tenzin Doensal Bhutia & Dr.Anisha Tamang
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050013
Abstract: An effective teacher is one who consistently achieves his goals that are related either directly or indirectly to student learning. Teacher educators are, such, the avenues of effective teaching and the strategies adopted for that purpose needs orientation and reorientation with changing needs and priorities in teacher education. The quality of a nation depends upon the quality of its citizens and the quality of its citizens depends indirectly upon the quality of teacher education. The quality of teacher education depends more than any other factor, upon the quality of their teachers, so the education of teachers should begiven moreimportance.Technology has made inroads into every sphere of human activity, including the field of education. It had totally transformed the face of didactic teaching and brought about far-reaching changes in the way in which knowledge was being shared.The objectives of the study are to find out significant difference if any in the teacher effectiveness and techno-pedagogical skills of teachers in relation to gender and locale. The descriptive method of survey was adopted. The sample of this study consisted of secondary school teachers of Sikkim. The findings of the study were that there was no significant difference in teacher effectiveness of teachers in relation to gender and locale variations. There was no significant difference in techno-pedagogical skills of teachers in relation to locale and gender variations. In each case the relationship between teacher effectiveness and techno-pedagogical skills was significant.
Keywords: Teacher Effectiveness. techno-pedagogical skills, ICT, Quality.
Page No: 122-132
Author: Suresh Prasad Verma
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050014
Abstract: According to the National Commission Act of 1990, the National Commission on Women was established in 1992. This panel has the power to examine the constitutional protections in place for women. The panel has mostly suggested taking legislative steps to reduce the imbalance and making it easier to use redress procedures. It offers suggestions for how the government might better ensure that women’s rights are respected and protected. Therefore, the author of this paper set out to investigate the national women’s commission’s role and responsibilities. The report elaborates on the function of the commission in analyzing existing legislation. The report indicates that carrying out the NCW’s duties is difficult and calls for strategic action. It collaborates with the governing body to address
Keywords: Commission, Women, Legal Intervention, Policy Decisions.
Page No: 133-139
Author: Shampa Pal
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050015
Abstract: This study examines the impact of parental involvement on students’ academic performance and behavior at the secondary level in Burdwan, West Bengal. Parental involvement is considered a vital factor in enhancing students’ educational outcomes and fostering positive behavior. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with 200 secondary school students and their parents. Academic performance was evaluated based on students’ grades and exam results, while behavioral assessments were conducted through teacher evaluations and self-reports from students. The results indicate that greater parental involvement is associated with improved academic achievements and more positive behavior in students. Specifically, students whose parents actively engaged in school activities, maintained regular communication with teachers, and supported homework completion exhibited higher academic performance, better classroom behavior, and fewer disciplinary issues. The study also reveals that socio-economic factors play a role in the level of parental involvement, with parents from higher socio-economic backgrounds being more involved. The findings emphasize the need for schools to implement strategies that encourage parental involvement, particularly in lower socio-economic areas, to improve student outcomes.
Keywords: Parental involvement, academic performance, student behavior, secondary education etc.
Page No: 140-147
Author: Papiya Adhikary
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050016
Abstract: Parental aspirations play a crucial role in shaping children’s educational outcomes and overall development. This study aims to map the current landscape of parental aspirations by examining prevailing trends, key determinants, and their broader implications. Findings reveal a rising trend in educational aspirations across socio-economic groups, driven by increased awareness of education’s role in social mobility and global competitiveness. Determinants such as socioeconomic status, parental education, cultural background, and access to information emerged as significant influencers shaping the nature and intensity of aspirations. The study highlights both positive outcomes—such as enhanced motivation and resilience in children—and challenges, including the pressure and anxiety associated with unrealistic expectations. The research underscores the need for balanced, culturally sensitive approaches in educational policies and family support systems to align parental aspirations with children’s well-being and potential. By providing a nuanced understanding of parental aspirations, this study offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers aiming to foster equitable and supportive learning environments.
Keywords: Parental Aspirations, Trends, Determinants, Socio-economic Status, Parental Education etc.
Page No: 148-153
Author: Pallabi Chattopadhyay
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050017
Abstract: This study explores the intersection of traditional pedagogical approaches and innovative technology integration within teacher education programs. As education evolves in response to rapid technological advancements, teacher preparation must adapt to equip future educators with the necessary skills to navigate digital classrooms effectively. Using a descriptive research design, this study examines how teacher education institutions balance long-standing educational philosophies with emerging digital tools and methods. Key insights reveal that successful integration depends not only on access to technology but also on faculty readiness, pedagogical alignment, and institutional support. The research highlights barriers such as limited infrastructure, resistance to change, and insufficient professional development, alongside enablers like collaborative learning communities and frameworks such as Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). By bridging tradition and innovation, teacher education can foster adaptable, reflective educators prepared for 21st-century challenges. This study contributes to understanding how teacher educators negotiate this balance, offering recommendations for policy and practice to enhance technology integration while preserving essential educational values. Ultimately, the findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach that harmonizes time-tested teaching principles with dynamic, technology-driven innovations.
Keywords: Pedagogy, Technology, Education, Institution, Knowledge, Teaching
Page No: 154-161
Author: Kanti Kumari & Dr. Santanu Biswas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050018
Abstract: Self-confidence plays a critical role in overcoming academic challenges among undergraduate students, particularly in Bokaro, where students face diverse educational barriers. This study explores strategies for enhancing self-confidence through the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework, focusing on autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The content analysis methodology is employed to examine relevant academic sources, student testimonials, and expert opinions, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of self-confidence development. Inter-coder reliability is assessed using Cohen’s Kappa and Krippendorff’s Alpha to maintain consistency in data interpretation. The study also establishes validity through content, construct, and criterion validation methods to ensure accuracy. The findings suggest that psychological resilience strategies, including a growth mind set, goal-setting and academic motivation techniques, significantly enhance self-confidence and improve academic achievement. The study highlights the necessity of implementing structured self-confidence-building interventions in undergraduate education to foster long-term academic success.
Keywords: Self-Confidence, Academic Achievement, Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Psychological Resilience, Growth Mindset, Undergraduate Students, Bokaro.
Page No: 162-177
Author: Sanat Dutta
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050019
Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has emerged as a transformative tool for enhancing student engagement and motivation. This study explores the multifaceted role of AI in creating personalized learning experiences, fostering interactive environments, and providing real-time feedback, which collectively contribute to increased student participation and motivation. By leveraging AI-driven technologies such as adaptive learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and data analytics, educators can tailor instructional strategies to meet individual student needs, thereby promoting active learning and sustained interest. Furthermore, AI-powered tools like chatbots and virtual assistants facilitate seamless communication and support, reducing barriers to engagement. The study also examines the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI implementation, emphasizing the need for balanced and responsible use. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of AI to revolutionize higher education by creating more dynamic, inclusive, and motivating learning environments, ultimately leading to improved academic outcomes and student satisfaction.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Student Engagement, Motivation, Higher Education, Personalized Learning.
Page No: 178-182
Author: Jhuma Deb
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050020
Abstract: Creative thinking is a vital cognitive skill that fosters innovation, problem-solving, and adaptability—traits essential for adolescent development in the 21st century. This study explores the multifaceted factors influencing creative thinking among adolescents, focusing on familial, educational, psychological, and social dimensions. Drawing from a sample of secondary school students, the research utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how parental involvement, classroom environment, self-efficacy, peer interaction, and cultural exposure contribute to the development of creative potential. The findings indicate that adolescents from supportive and intellectually stimulating family backgrounds exhibit higher levels of creativity. Educational factors, including teacher encouragement and curriculum flexibility, significantly enhance creative expression. Psychological elements such as self-confidence and openness to experience were positively correlated with divergent thinking abilities. Furthermore, peer collaboration and exposure to diverse social environments were found to broaden creative perspectives. The study emphasizes the importance of a holistic developmental ecosystem in nurturing creativity during adolescence. These insights hold implications for educators, parents, and policymakers seeking to cultivate creative capacities in young individuals.
Keywords: Creative thinking, adolescents, family influence, educational environment, self-efficacy, peer interaction, socio-cultural factors.
Page No: 183-190
Author: Dr. S. PICHAIPILLAI & Dr. N. REKHA
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050021
Abstract: Aspiration means to set up a goal by one for oneself in the life which has a great personal significance. The Goals of Aspiration help a student to perceive a sense of distinction of status and the standard of participation and the reference groups set in him the Level of his Aspiration.Occupational Aspiration has been regarded as an integral aspect of human life. It helps in shaping the career of the individual and planning for future life. It is a goal directed attitude which involves conception of self in relation to a particular Level of the Occupational prestige hierarchy.The present study wastheHigher Secondary School Students Studying in the Classes 11th and 12th Standards in Government and Private Schools are called as Higher Secondary School Students in TiruchirappalliDistrict of Tamil Nadu Stateforms Population for the Present Study.The investigator adopted the Survey Method for the Present Study.The Higher Secondary School Students have been selected from different schools by adopting Simple Random Technique was adopted to select the Sample. This Technique is a type of probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population. The investigator has taken as 280 Higher Secondary School Students for the study 137 Boys and 143 Girls Higher Secondary School Students in Tiruchirappalli District of Tamil Nadu.In the Present Study Tool Used on Occupational Aspiration Scale (OAS) used to measure the Higher Secondary School Students was Developed by the Dr. J. S. Grewal (1984) was adopted for the present study and it is used for the data collection.This Study for Data Analysis of Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and t test are used. The result of the study found AverageLevel of Occupational Aspiration among Higher Secondary Students and there are significant differences are found between Girls Students better Occupational Aspirationthan Boys Students.
Keywords: Goals, Expectations, Wishes, Dreams, Higher Secondary School Students, Aspiration, Ambition, Occupational Aspiration, Level of Occupational Aspiration.
Page No: 191-205
Author: Dr. Jayanta Acharya
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050022
Abstract: Swami Vivekananda and Gautam Buddha, two great men who shook the world with their thoughts and actions and lived this land for others over a period of 25 centuries. Lord Buddha, the driver of religion, possessed of supernatural powers, overwhelmed the world with his teachings of compassion and detachment. On the other hand, Swami Vivekananda spread the philosophy of Vedanta, the ancient sacred scripture of India, worldwide and showed the path to human liberation. The lives of these two great men were surprisingly similar in many aspects. Both the wandering monks spent every moment of their lives for a noble purpose. The main reason for Swamiji’s Buddhist passion was his deep respect for Buddha. According to Lord Buddha, the main cause of all our physical and mental suffering is ignorance or “Avidya”. Due to this ignorance or “Avidya”., rebirth occurs, and in this rebirth, we have to suffer the suffering of this world. According to Buddhism, only if the causes of suffering can be removed, the action called suffering will no longer arise. Buddha mentioned the path through which people can acquire knowledge or wisdom and remove ignorance or “Avidya”. For this, Gautama Buddha spoke of 8 paths, which are known as the “AshtangikaMarga” or “Eightfold Nobel Path” in Buddhist philosophy. Swami Vivekananda gave special importance to this AshtangikaMarga or “Eightfold Nobel Path” and followed it in his spiritual journey. He promoted this path as an important way to eliminate suffering and realize the truth of life. Buddha Vivekananda’s philosophy emphasizes the elimination of suffering and the importance of action. As a solution to this, Swamiji emphasized neo-vedanta philosophy.
Keywords: Ashtangika Marga, Buddhism, neo-vedanta philosophy
Page No: 206-211
Author: Drishita Chakraborty & Umesh Kumar Saxena
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050023
Abstract: Digitalization has transformed the landscape of education and entertainment, particularly among students. With the advent of smartphones, social media, e-learning platforms, and streaming services, digital media has become a central component of students’ daily lives. While it facilitates access to vast educational resources and personalized learning opportunities, it also brings concerns about distraction, misinformation, and digital addiction. This journal explores the dual impact of digitalization on student learning and entertainment habits, analyzing usage trends, educational outcomes, and the role of digital literacy in North Bengal’s student population.
Keywords: Digitalization, Education, Smartphones, Social Media, Digital Media.
Page No: 212-218
Author: Dibyarupa Pal, Sujan Maity & Sudipto Sarkar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050024
Abstract: India being agrarian based economy has huge turnover of agricultural waste which needs suitable management system for their dispersal. These are ligno-cellulosic wastes which are burnt openly creating threat for environment and human health. Mushroom production utilizing the agro-waste as substrates offers a ‘golden opportunity’ to turn waste into wealth with minimum investment. Mushroom harbours both nutritional and medicinal properties beneficial for humans with diabetes and provides essential amino acids to eradicate malnutrition. Indian climatic conditions prefer cultivation of different edible mushroomsthroughout the year.In return the economy of the rural people is uplifted and food security is also ensured. Post-harvest gives us spentmushroom substrate which can be re-utilized in agriculture as compost, as livestock feed or generation of unconventional fuel. Valorisation of mushroom products is achieved by fortifying different food items with mushroom powder and used as nutraceuticals also. In this study Volvariellasp. and Pleurotussp., was grown utilizing ligno-cellulosic substrates like paddy straw, areca palm leaves,sugarcane bagasseand saw dust.To determine feasibility of such substrates different parameters like mushroom yield, cap diameterand stipe length was observed. Though paddy straw was the preferred substrate for both mushroom species butareca palm leaves and sugarcane bagasse also showed huge potential. Further investigationsare needed for efficient utilization of these unconventional substratesby certain pre-treatment procedures.This study aims to find cheap, alternative eco-friendly ligno-cellulosic substrates which farmers can access easily for cultivating mushroom.
Keywords: mushroom, lignocellulosic waste, Volvariellasp.,Pleurotussp., substrates
Page No: 219-227
Author: Barun Ghosh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050025
Abstract: The Gurukul education system, rooted in the Vedic traditions of ancient India, represents one of the most holistic, value-oriented, and experiential models of learning in world history. It emphasized the harmonious development of mind, body, and soul through personalized mentorship, ethical instruction, and immersive living with the guru (teacher). This research explores the philosophy, structure, and curriculum of the Gurukul system and evaluates its continued relevance in today’s global education landscape. Drawing from ancient texts and modern policy documents like India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, this study identifies key elements of Gurukul pedagogy that can inspire contemporary education reforms. It argues that integrating principles such as character building, personalized learning, and value education into present-day systems—especially in multilingual, postcolonial societies—can foster educational models that are not only intellectually rigorous but also morally grounded and culturally rooted.
Keywords: Gurukul education, Vedic pedagogy, holistic learning, character formation, experiential education, NEP 2020, educational philosophy
Page No: 228-236
Author: Ajit Kumar Singh
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050026
Abstract: As libraries transition from traditional paper-based collections to digital resources, the adoption of open-source digital repository solutions has become increasingly prevalent. This study explores the implementation challenges and success factors associated with open-source digital repositories in libraries, aiming to provide valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers. The research begins by identifying common obstacles faced during the implementation of open-source repository solutions. These challenges encompass technical, financial, organizational, and user- centric dimensions, including digitalpreservation, metadata quality, resourceallocation, and user engagement. In-depth case studies and analyses of these challenges reveal essential lessons for libraries seeking to navigate the complex landscape ofdigitalcollection management. The study also delves into successstorieswhere librarieshave effectivelyharnessed open-source repository solutions. By examining these cases, the research uncovers critical factors influencing user satisfaction and adoption. Usability, content quality, performance, and user support emerge as pivotaldeterminants, whilepolicysupport,funding, andcommunityinvolvement playsignificant roles in facilitating adoption. Policy recommendations emanating from this study emphasize the importance ofresourceallocation,training and education, open-access mandates, interoperability standards, community engagement, sustainability planning, accessibility, and legal compliance. These policies aim to provide a supportive environment that fosters the successful adoption and management of open-source digital repositories, enriching the scholarly and cultural landscape. Thus the study contributes to the understanding of open-source digital repository solutions’ challenges, successes, and long-term implications, offering valuable insights for libraries and policymakers as they navigate the evolving digital information landscape.
Keywords: Library, Open Source Digital Repository Solutions, Implementation, Obstacles, Learning from Successes
Page No: 237-248
Author: Srijoy Bayen, Sreyashree Mojumder, Sayantan Majumder & Dibyarupa Pal
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050027
Abstract: Surface water is both scarce and threatened due to anthropogenic impact of urbanization, growing population and climate change. Fresh water surface quality mainly of ponds and rivers are vulnerable due to various organic loads, emerging pollutants and water borne pathogens. The presence of suspended particles in water also increases the disease probability as the microbes cling on to those surfaces. Unpredictable weather conditions has heightened the susceptibility towards diseases because this ensures the survival of spore/cysts and inflicts pathogenesis. Non-stop rainfall spreads these pathogens in local water bodies like ponds polluting them and drought conditions concentrate these pathogens in those habitats. Drinking water sources then becomes compromised and results in gastrointestinal diseases like diarrhoea and dysentery which are very fatal for children and immune compromised adults. In this research work, two locality ponds were chosen based on their usage by the people of the surrounding area. Our work highlights monitoring the water quality of these two ponds around Kamarhati locality for coliform group by MPN method. Physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolve Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were also determined as they have influence over microbial growth. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolated coliform strains were also performed to ascertain the growing presence of antibiotic resistance in those public use surface water.
Keywords: Pond, Coliform, Physiochemical, Microbes, Water Quality.
Page No: 249-257
Author: Arnav Debnath
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050028
Abstract: The relationship between religion and politics is complex, and can be viewed through many angles. It becomes important when the question of violence steps into it. There are possibility that violence can take the form of collective violence as to religious feelings and state violence with respect to politics. These two forms of violence act in certain way if they get articulated. The event of political violence in Islampur of Murshidabad district in 1984 is a case in point. This article therefore seeks to understand the causes and functions of such violence through the concept of articulation.
Keywords: Religion, Politics, Political Violence, State, Articulation, Murshidabad District.
Page No: 258-265
Author: Manju Singh & Dr. Santanu Biswas
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050029
Abstract: The integration of disabled students into mainstream public schools has underscored the critical role of teacher attitudes and preparedness in promoting inclusive education. This study investigates the current attitudes of public school teachers toward students with disabilities and evaluates their professional training and perceived readiness to effectively teach in inclusive classrooms. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research draws on survey data and semi-structured interviews with teachers from diverse educational settings. Findings indicate a generally positive attitude toward inclusion, though significant gaps remain in training, particularly in adapting curricula and classroom management strategies to meet diverse needs. The study highlights the necessity of comprehensive pre-service and in-service training programs, as well as institutional support, to enhance teacher confidence and competence in inclusive education. Recommendations are offered to policymakers and educational institutions to better equip teachers and ensure equitable learning experiences for all students.
Keywords: Disabled, Investigates, Professional, Classrooms, Support, Students, Teacher.
Page No: 266-274
Author: Brinda Rai
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050030
Abstract: Emotional maturity is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for greater sense of emotional health, both intra-psychically and intra-personality. The characteristics of an emotionally mature are hetero-sexuality, appreciation of attitude and behavior of others, tendency to adopt the attitudes and habits of others and capacity to delay his own responses. Therefore, the emotionally mature is not one who necessarily has resolved all conditions that aroused anxiety and hostility but it is continuously in process of seeing himself in clear perspective, continually involved in a struggle to gain healthy integration of feeling, thinking action. The objective of the study was to study the emotional maturity of higher secondary school students in relation to gender and type of family variation in total and component wise variations. Normative survey method was adopted. A sample of 100 students from 4 schools of Gangtok was selected by simple random sampling procedure. Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS-SB) developed by Singh and Bharagava (2005) was used for data collection. Findings of the study were that most of the students are emotionally immature and there is difference in emotional maturity in terms of type of family variation.
Keywords: Emotional Maturity, Emotional Stability, Emotional Independence.
Page No: 275-285