Author: Samiul Mondal
DOI Link:https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04020004
Abstract: The year 1989 marked a paradigm shift in Indian macro-politics, signalling the transition from the “Congress System” to a prolonged era of multi-party coalition governments. This research paper examines the dual nature of coalition politics in India between 1989 and 2014, evaluating whether this period was defined by chronic instability and policy compromise or by a new form of democratic stability and federal inclusivity. By analysing the tenures of the National Front, United Front, NDA, and UPA, the study highlights how the rise of regional parties and identity-based politics (Mandalization) decentralized power from the Centre to the States. The findings suggest that while coalition governments often faced “policy paralysis” due to the veto power of diverse partners, they simultaneously ensured a remarkable continuity in core economic reforms and foreign policy. Furthermore, the era significantly strengthened Indian federalism by curbing the misuse of Article 356 and fostering a “negotiated” cooperative framework. Ultimately, the paper argues that coalition politics, far from being a mere compromise, reflected India’s socio-cultural pluralism and matured the parliamentary process into a more representative and participatory model.
Keywords: Coalition Politics, Indian Federalism, Policy Continuity, Regional Parties, Mandalization,Political Stability.
Page No: 26-33