Author: Madhuchhanda Maity & Dr. Abha Kumari
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060005
Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, multifaceted metabolic disorder that has emerged as one of the most pressing global public health challenges of the 21st century. Characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to either the body’s inability to produce insulin or its ineffective utilization, DM significantly impairs physiological, psychological, and socio-economic well-being. This research article presents a comprehensive descriptive analysis of the types of diabetes—Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes— along with their underlying causes, risk factors, and widespread health consequences. Drawing on global health data and clinical research, the article also explores the pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle-related influences that contribute to the development of DM. Particular emphasis is given to the long-term complications such as cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and mental health impacts. Additionally, the study addresses current strategies in prevention, diagnosis, and disease management, emphasizing the need for multi-sectoral interventions. The paper concludes by advocating for greater awareness, policy reform, community-based initiatives, and integrated care models to mitigate the burden of diabetes worldwide.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, Chronic Disease, Global Health.
Page No: 34-39