Author: Nawaz Sarif
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030028
Abstract: This article analyzes the concept, origins, characteristics, and trends of change of the Indian caste system. The caste system is essentially a social stratification system, which is based on birth, occupation, religious purity-impurity, and social norms. In this, intermarriage, specific codes of conduct and hereditary occupations play an important role. There are two types of views on the origin of the caste system—classical and historical. According to the classical view, the creation of the four castes is explained by religious interpretations, while according to the historical view, it gradually transformed from a division based on work to a birth-based structure. This system was characterized by high-low distinctions, birth order, social and dietary restrictions, and occupational fixation, which limited social mobility.
However, modern education, social reform movements, legal changes, industrialization and urbanization have gradually reduced the rigidity of the caste system. Constitutional measures and reservation policies have also helped in the development of the lower castes. Although in some cases this practice is maintained for political reasons, the concept of equality and humanity is strengthening in society as a whole.
Keywords: Caste System, Endogamy, Arya Samaj, Equality And Human Rights, Constitutional System.
Page No: 210-215