# BHARATI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

> Peer review  ll  Referred  ll  indexed  ll  Multidisciplinary  ll  Multiple Languages  ll  International  ll  online (eISSN Approved No: 2584-1890)


## Posts

- [মধ্যযুগীয় বাংলায় জয়মঙ্গলীর কাব্যকর্মের আলোকে বাঙালি জনজীবনের প্রতিফলন](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume2-issue9/manabendranath-maji/): Author: মানবেন্দ্র নাথ মাজী DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02090026 ABSTRACT(সারসংক্ষেপ): মধ্যযুগীয় বাংলা সাহিত্যে জয়মঙ্গলীর কাব্যকর্ম একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সামাজিক, ধর্মীয় এবং নৈতিক দলিল হিসেবে বিবেচিত হয়। এটি শুধুমাত্র দেবতার মহিমা বা আধ্যাত্মিক শিক্ষার প্রদর্শন নয়, বরং সাধারণ মানুষের দৈনন্দিন জীবন, সামাজিক সম্পর্ক, আঞ্চলিক সংস্কৃতি এবং নৈতিক মূল্যবোধের প্রকাশও অন্তর্ভুক্ত। জয়মঙ্গলী আখ্যানধর্মী শৈলীতে রচিত, যা পাঠককে কাহ্য-ভিত্তিক শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে নৈতিক ও আধ্যাত্মিক সচেতনতা বিকাশে সাহায্য করে। কাব্যের মাধ্যমে কেবল কৃষক, মৎস্যজীবী, বণিক এবং গ্রামের নিম্নবর্গের জীবনের বাস্তব চিত্র ফুটে ওঠে, বরং স্থানীয় উৎসব, পূজা, আচার-অনুষ্ঠান এবং পারস্পরিক সামাজিক সম্পর্কও প্রতিফলিত হয়। ধর্মীয় চেতনা এবং নৈতিক শিক্ষার সংমিশ্রণ কাব্যকে বহুমাত্রিক এবং সমকালীন পাঠকের জন্য প্রাসঙ্গিক [&hellip;]
- [A Study on Role of ICT in Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/a-study-on-role-of-ict-in-education/): Author: Sanjoy Halder DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030001 Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has significantly transformed modern education by enhancing teaching, learning, and administrative processes. ICT tools such as computers, internet resources, learning management systems, and digital media facilitate interactive and student-centered learning environments. The integration of ICT in education improves access to information, promotes collaborative learning, and supports flexible learning opportunities. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, digital divide, lack of teacher training, and limited policy implementation hinder its effective use. This study examines the role of ICT in education, highlighting its significance, reviewing existing literature, and analyzing its impact [&hellip;]
- [Girls’ Education among Tribal Communities in Jungle Mahal Region of West Bengal](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/girls-education-among-tribal-communities-in-jungle-mahal-region-of-west-bengal/): Author: Mamoni Khamrai DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030002 Abstract: Education of tribal girls plays a crucial role in promoting gender equality, social empowerment, and sustainable development. Despite several government initiatives, tribal girls in the Jungle Mahal region of West Bengal continue to face multiple barriers in accessing education. These barriers include poverty, early marriage, cultural constraints, and inadequate educational infrastructure. The present paper examines the status of girls’ education among tribal communities in the Jungle Mahal region covering districts such as Paschim Medinipur, Jhargram, Bankura, and Purulia. The study explores educational challenges, gender disparities, and socio-economic factors affecting tribal girls’ education and [&hellip;]
- [Impact of Social Welfare Schemes and Self-Help Groups on Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Murshidabad District, West Bengal](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/women-empowerment-in-india-with-special-reference-to-west-bengal-and-murshidabad-district-2/): Author: Arfi Anjoon DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030003 Abstract: Women empowerment is a crucial factor for achieving gender equality and socio-economic development, particularly in rural and economically backward regions. In Murshidabad district of West Bengal, social welfare schemes and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have played a significant role in enhancing women’s socioeconomic status. This study examines the impact of social welfare schemes and SHGs on women empowerment in Murshidabad district. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology using thematic analysis of secondary data from government reports, census data, and academic literature. The findings indicate that SHGs and welfare schemes such as Anandadhara, Kanyashree [&hellip;]
- [মধ্যযুগের বাংলা সাহিত্যে সামাজিক ও ধর্মীয় ধারণার চিত্রায়ন](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/debashruti-samanta-2/): Author: Debashruti Samanta DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030004 Abstract: মধ্যযুগীয় বাংলা সাহিত্য (১৩শ থেকে ১৮শ শতক) বাংলা ভাষার ইতিহাসে একটি বিশেষ অধ্যায় হিসেবে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এই সময়কাল রাজনৈতিক পরিবর্তন, সামাজিক বৈষম্য, ভক্তি আন্দোলন এবং ধর্মীয় চেতনার সংমিশ্রণে সমৃদ্ধ ছিল। সাহিত্য শুধুমাত্র কল্পনাপ্রসূত আখ্যান বা ভক্তিকাব্যই নয়, বরং সেই সময়ের সমাজের নৈতিকতা, সামাজিক নিয়মাবলী এবং ধর্মীয় মূল্যবোধের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রতিফলন। ভক্তিকাব্য, মঙ্গলকাব্য, চরিতকাব্য এবং লোকগল্পের মাধ্যমে সামাজিক শ্রেণিবিন্যাস, নারীর ভূমিকা, অর্থনৈতিক জীবন, নৈতিকতা এবং ধর্মীয় শিক্ষা চিত্রিত হয়েছে। চণ্ডীদাসের চণ্ডীমঙ্গল, মাধবকৃষ্ণের কৃষ্ণকাব্য এবং কৃত্তিবাসের চৈতন্যচরিতামৃত প্রমুখ রচনার মাধ্যমে দেখা যায় কিভাবে ধর্মীয় চেতনা এবং নৈতিক শিক্ষার মাধ্যমে সাধারণ মানুষের জীবন ও সামাজিক কাঠামোর উপর [&hellip;]
- [Study of Anxiety and Self-Efficacy among Science and Arts Stream Higher Secondary Level Students](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/study-of-anxiety-and-self-efficacy-among-science-and-arts-stream-higher-secondary-level-students/): Author: Sumana Satpati DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030005 Abstract: The present qualitative study explores the relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy among higher secondary students of Science and Arts streams. Anxiety is a crucial psychological factor influencing academic performance, while self-efficacy reflects students’ belief in their capabilities. The study aims to understand differences between streams and the interrelationship of these variables. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis from selected students. Thematic analysis revealed that Science students experience higher academic anxiety due to performance pressure, whereas Arts students exhibit relatively lower anxiety but varying levels of self-confidence. A strong inverse relationship [&hellip;]
- [The Representation of Marginalized Voices in Dalit Literature: A Study of Jhootan](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/the-representation-of-marginalized-voices-in-dalit-literature-a-study-of-jhootan/): Author: Md Barkat Sk DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030006 Abstract: Dalit literature, emerging from centuries of social and caste-based oppression in India, serves as a medium for articulating the voices of historically marginalized communities. It functions not merely as a literary endeavor but as a political and social intervention, confronting hierarchies of power and systemic inequities. This study focuses on the novel Jhootan, examining how it foregrounds the experiences of Dalit communities while challenging structures of caste, class, and patriarchy. By analyzing characterization, narrative strategies, thematic preoccupations, and linguistic choices, the study explores the ways in which Dalit literature constructs counter-narratives, preserves [&hellip;]
- [Use of Multimedia and Digital Platforms for Enhancing Reading and Writing Competency among Upper Primary School Children](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/use-of-multimedia-and-digital-platforms-for-enhancing-reading-and-writing-competency-among-upper-primary-school-children/): Author: Arpita Dey Hazra DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030007 Abstract: The use of multimedia and digital platforms has become increasingly important in improving teaching and learning at the school level. This study focuses on understanding how multimedia tools and digital platforms help in enhancing reading and writing competency among upper primary school children. At this stage of education, students are expected to develop strong reading comprehension and writing abilities to support learning in all subjects. However, many students face difficulties due to limited exposure to engaging learning materials and traditional teaching methods that do not always meet their learning needs.Multimedia tools such [&hellip;]
- [Bridging Global Knowledge and Indigenous Wisdom: Reimagining Education for Viksit Bharat](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/bridging-global-knowledge-and-indigenous-wisdom-reimagining-education-for-viksit-bharat/): Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030008 Abstract: The vision of Viksit Bharat emphasizes a transformative education system that harmonizes global knowledge with indigenous wisdom. This qualitative study explores how language, culture, and traditional knowledge systems can be integrated into modern education. Using document analysis and thematic interpretation, the study highlights the need for culturally responsive pedagogy and curriculum reform. The findings suggest that integrating indigenous epistemologies enhances inclusivity, sustainability, and national identity while maintaining global competitiveness. Keywords: Viksit Bharat, Indigenous Knowledge, Global Knowledge, Educational Transformation, Culture, Language. Page No: 43-49
- [The Role of Mobile Learning Apps in Fostering Active Participation in Classrooms](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/the-role-of-mobile-learning-apps-in-fostering-active-participation-in-classrooms/): Author: Indumoti Bhattacharya DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030009 Abstract: Mobile learning apps have transformed educational environments by fostering active participation among students in classrooms. The methodology of this study employs content analysis to systematically examine a wide range of mobile learning applications, scholarly articles, and educational resources related to the use of mobile apps in learning environments. These apps offer interactive features such as real-time feedback, gamification, and collaborative tools that engage learners more deeply than traditional methods. By supporting diverse learning styles and promoting peer interaction, mobile learning apps enhance motivation, critical thinking, and knowledge retention. However, challenges including digital equity, [&hellip;]
- [Nomophobia And Its Impact on Academic Performance Among Students](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/nomophobia-and-its-impact-on-academic-performance-among-students/): Author: Kartick Chandra Mandal, Dr. Gopa Saha Roy &amp; Dr. Chandan Adhikary DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030010 Abstract: Nomophobia, characterized as fear or anxiety of being without a mobile phone, is a new topic worrying many students and educators, as it might influence student performance and well-being. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of nomophobia on the academic performance of students based on quantitative research method. A sample of 200 students was taken and standardized instruments were employed to evaluate the levels of nomophobia and academic performance. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. [&hellip;]
- [Identity, Labour, and the Body in Dalit Feminist Texts](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/identity-labour-and-the-body-in-dalit-feminist-texts/): Author: Soma Jash DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030011 Abstract: The interwoven themes of identity, labour, and the body as places of oppression and resistance are examined in this article’s analysis of Dalit feminist literature. The daily realities of caste-based marginalization exacerbated by patriarchal structures are highlighted in Dalit women’s narratives, particularly in autobiographical works and literary testimony. This study shows how these texts reclaim agency by redefining selfhood, narrating labour beyond economic categories, and representing embodied experiences of violence and resistance. It does this by analysing a selection of works by Dalit women writers alongside feminist and intersectional theoretical frameworks. The results [&hellip;]
- [Nickel Contamination in Rivers and Its Effects on Fish Population Dynamics](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/nickel-contamination-in-rivers-and-its-effects-on-fish-population-dynamics/): Author: Pralay Mahapatra, Dr. Aashi Dixit &amp; Sanjay Kumar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030012 Abstract: Nickel (Ni) contamination in riverine ecosystems has emerged as a significant environmental concern due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and anthropogenic activities. As a heavy metal, nickel persists in aquatic environments and poses serious risks to aquatic organisms, particularly fish, which are highly sensitive to water quality changes. This research article examines the sources, distribution, bioavailability, and ecological consequences of nickel contamination in rivers, with a specific focus on its effects on fish population dynamics. The study synthesizes findings from experimental, field-based, and laboratory research to explore how [&hellip;]
- [Metacognitive Awareness of Higher Secondary Students in Relation to Their Academic Achievement](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/metacognitive-awareness-of-higher-secondary-students-in-relation-to-their-academic-achievement/): Author: Ruma Manna DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030013 Abstract: Metacognitive awareness plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ learning processes and academic success. The present study investigates the relationship between metacognitive awareness and academic achievement among higher secondary students. Metacognition, often described as “thinking about thinking,” involves two major components: knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition. These components enable learners to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning strategies effectively. The study adopts a quantitative research design, focusing on a sample of higher secondary students selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Standardized tools were used to measure students’ levels of metacognitive [&hellip;]
- [Education of Third Gender in India: Problems And Suggestions](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/education-of-third-gender-in-india-problems-and-suggestions/): Author: Soma Pal DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030014 Abstract: Our nation celebrates its rich cultural diversity and is noted for ‘Unity in Diversity’. Yet, behind this lies a troubling reality of gender inequality. While all gender are legally respected, societal behaviour towards third gender individuals remain biased. Despite recognition, third gender people struggle for peace and harmony in our present day. Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. Education enhanced peoples understanding of themselves In world. It promotes the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Everyone has a gender [&hellip;]
- [নীতিমালা থেকে বাস্তবায়ন: পশ্চিমবঙ্গে বাল্যবিবাহ প্রতিরোধে সরকারি প্রকল্পগুলির কার্যকারিতা মূল্যায়ন (মুর্শিদাবাদ জেলার বিশেষ দৃষ্টান্তসহ)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/zinnat-sultana/): Author: Zinnat Sultana DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030015 Abstract: পশ্চিমবঙ্গে বাল্যবিবাহ একটি গভীর সামাজিক ও উন্নয়নমূলক চ্যালেঞ্জ, যা কঠোর আইনি কাঠামো এবং উদ্ভাবনী জনকল্যাণমূলক প্রকল্প সত্ত্বেও বিদ্যমান। এই গবেষণাপত্রটি মূলত পশ্চিমবঙ্গ সরকারের দুটি ফ্ল্যাগশিপ প্রকল্প— ‘কন্যাশ্রী’ ও ‘রূপশ্রী’-র কার্যকারিতা এবং নীতিমালার মাঠ পর্যায়ের বাস্তবায়ন মূল্যায়ন করে। গবেষণার বিশ্লেষণে দেখা গেছে যে, শর্তাধীন অর্থপ্রদান (Conditional Cash Transfer) মডেলের ফলে মেয়েদের বিদ্যালয়ে ভর্তির হার এবং ধরে রাখার ক্ষমতা উল্লেখযোগ্যভাবে বাড়লেও, রাজ্যের বাল্যবিবাহের হার জাতীয় গড়ের তুলনায় এখনও উদ্বেগজনকভাবে বেশি। গবেষণায় মুর্শিদাবাদ জেলাকে একটি বিশেষ দৃষ্টান্ত (Case Study) হিসেবে গ্রহণ করে দেখা গেছে যে, পিতৃতান্ত্রিক মানসিকতা, চরম দারিদ্র্য, সীমান্ত এলাকার নিরাপত্তাহীনতা এবং অসংগঠিত বিড়ি শিল্পের [&hellip;]
- [ঔপনিবেশিক ভারতে অরণ্য আইন ও জনজাতি বিদ্রোহ: সাঁওতাল ও মুন্ডা বিদ্রোহের প্রেক্ষাপটে পরিবেশগত ইতিহাসের একটি পাঠ](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/sk-md-asique/): Author: Sk Md Asique DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030016 Abstract: ঔপনিবেশিক ভারতের অরণ্য আইন বনসম্পদকে ব্রিটিশ রাষ্ট্রের কেন্দ্রীভূত অর্থনৈতিক ও প্রশাসনিক নিয়ন্ত্রণের মধ্যে নিয়ে আসে। Indian Forest Acts (১৮৬৫, ১৮৭৮, ১৯০০) স্থানীয় জনজাতির বনভিত্তিক জীবনধারা ও প্রথাগত অধিকারকে প্রায়শই উপেক্ষা করেছিল, যা খাদ্য, অর্থনীতি ও সামাজিক কাঠামোর ওপর দীর্ঘমেয়াদি প্রভাব ফেলেছিল। এই নিয়ন্ত্রণের প্রেক্ষাপটে সাঁওতাল বিদ্রোহ (১৮৫৫–৫৬) ও মুন্ডা বিদ্রোহ (১৮৯৯–১৯০০) কেবল রাজনৈতিক বা অর্থনৈতিক প্রতিরোধ নয়, বরং বনভিত্তিক জীবনধারার এবং পরিবেশগত অধিকার রক্ষার এক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রতিরোধ হিসেবে দেখা যায়। গবেষণায় দেখা যায় যে, বন, জনজাতি এবং প্রশাসনের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক এবং শোষণ, অসন্তোষ ও প্রতিরোধের উদ্ভব একটি জটিল পরিবেশগত ইতিহাসের অংশ। এই [&hellip;]
- [শরৎচন্দ্রের উপন্যাসে নারীচেতনা ও সমাজবাস্তবতা](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/sumana-das/): Author: Sumana Das DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030017 Abstract: শরৎচন্দ্রের উপন্যাসে নারীচেতনা ও সমাজবাস্তবতা একে অপরের সঙ্গে গভীরভাবে সম্পৃক্ত। শরৎচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় তাঁর রচনায় তৎকালীন বাঙালি সমাজের কুসংস্কার, বাল্যবিবাহ, বিধবা-অবস্থা, শ্রেণিবৈষম্য ও পুরুষতান্ত্রিক মানসিকতার নির্মোহ চিত্র তুলে ধরেছেন। এই সামাজিক বাস্তবতার মধ্যেই নারীচরিত্রগুলি আত্মমর্যাদা, প্রেম, ত্যাগ ও প্রতিবাদের মাধ্যমে স্বতন্ত্র সত্তা হিসেবে আত্মপ্রকাশ করেছে। ‘দেবদাস’-এর পার্বতী আত্মসম্মানী ও দৃঢ়চেতা, আর চন্দ্রমুখী মানবিকতার উজ্জ্বল দৃষ্টান্ত। ‘শ্রীকান্ত’-এর রাজলক্ষ্মী ও অভয়া সামাজিক বিধিনিষেধ অতিক্রম করে স্বাধীন সত্তার পরিচয় দেয়। ‘চরিত্রহীন’-এ নারীর প্রতি সমাজের ভণ্ড নৈতিকতার সমালোচনা স্পষ্ট। শরৎচন্দ্র নারীদের কেবল ভুক্তভোগী হিসেবে দেখেননি; বরং তাঁদের মানসিক শক্তি ও নৈতিক দৃঢ়তাকে গুরুত্ব দিয়েছেন। তাঁর নারীচেতনা মানবতাবাদী আদর্শে [&hellip;]
- [AI-ভিত্তিক শিক্ষণ পদ্ধতি: ভূগোল ও শিক্ষাবিজ্ঞানের প্রেক্ষিতে সুযোগ, চ্যালেঞ্জ ও সীমাবদ্ধতার বিশ্লেষণ](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/mahadeb-nandi-2/): Author: Mahadeb Nandi DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030018 Abstract: আজকের দিনে দাঁড়িয়ে আমরা আর প্রযুক্তিকে অস্বীকার করতে পারি না; বরং AI এখন আমাদের ক্লাসরুমের অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হয়ে উঠছে। AI-ভিত্তিক শিক্ষণ পদ্ধতি শিক্ষার্থীদের ব্যক্তিগত সক্ষমতা, আগ্রহ এবং শেখার গতি অনুযায়ী শিক্ষাদান প্রক্রিয়াকে আরও কার্যকর ও নমনীয় করে তুলছে। এই গবেষণার উদ্দেশ্য হলো AI-নির্ভর শিক্ষণ পদ্ধতির বিভিন্ন সুযোগ, চ্যালেঞ্জ এবং সীমাবদ্ধতা বিশ্লেষণ করা। এই গবেষণার মূল উদ্দেশ্য হলো AI-ভিত্তিক শিক্ষণ পদ্ধতির সুযোগ, চ্যালেঞ্জ ও সীমাবদ্ধতাকে ভূগোল ও শিক্ষাবিজ্ঞানের প্রেক্ষিতে বিশ্লেষণ করা। গবেষণাটি গুণগত পদ্ধতির ভিত্তিতে পরিচালিত হয়েছে, যেখানে শিক্ষক ও শিক্ষার্থীদের অভিজ্ঞতা, পর্যবেক্ষণ এবং প্রাসঙ্গিক সাহিত্য পর্যালোচনা করা হয়েছে। গবেষণায় দেখা যায় যে AI [&hellip;]
- [A Study of Risk Perception And Mutual Fund Investment Behaviour Among Investors in Ranchi](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/a-study-of-risk-perception-and-mutual-fund-investment-behaviour-among-investors-in-ranchi/): Author: Jayant Kumar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030019 Abstract: This qualitative research study investigates risk perception and mutual fund investment behaviour among individual investors in Ranchi, Jharkhand. Employing a phenomenological design, the study explores the lived experiences, economic determinants, and cognitive decision-making processes that govern investors’ engagement with mutual fund products. Guided by three primary research questions and aligned objectives, in-depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected retail investors. Thematic analysis revealed that investors’ risk perceptions are significantly shaped by financial literacy, past investment experience, income stability, and prevailing market sentiments. The decision-making process is characterised by a blend of rational calculation [&hellip;]
- [Hybrid Fuzzy MCDM Framework for Smart City Infrastructure Prioritization](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/a-hybrid-fuzzy-mcdm-framework-for-smart-city-infrastructure-prioritization/): Author: Dr. Satyapal Kumar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030020 Abstract: The rapid growth of urbanization and technological advancements has led to the emergence of smart cities, where efficient infrastructure planning plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable development and improved quality of life. Prioritizing smart city infrastructure projects involves evaluating multiple conflicting criteria such as economic feasibility, environmental sustainability, technological readiness, social impact, and resource constraints. These criteria are often characterized by uncertainty and vagueness due to subjective human judgments and incomplete information. In this paper, a hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework is proposed for smart city infrastructure prioritization under uncertainty. [&hellip;]
- [মোগলমারি বৌদ্ধবিহার: স্থাপত্যকলার ঐতিহাসিক প্রেক্ষাপট, সংরক্ষণ-সংকট ও রক্ষণাবেক্ষণের পুনর্বিবেচনা](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/amiya-kumar-sing/): Author: Amiya Kumar Sing DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030020 Abstract: পশ্চিম মেদিনীপুর জেলার মোগলমারি বৌদ্ধবিহার প্রাচীন বঙ্গের ধর্মীয়-সাংস্কৃতিক ইতিহাস, প্রত্নস্থাপত্য, আঞ্চলিক শিল্পরীতি এবং বৌদ্ধ ধর্মীয় নেটওয়ার্কের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বস্তুগত সাক্ষ্য। বহুদিন ধরে গ্রামীণ লোকস্মৃতি, ভগ্ন টিলা এবং অচিহ্নিত ইটের স্তূপের মধ্যে আড়ালে থাকা এই প্রত্নক্ষেত্র খননের মাধ্যমে উন্মোচিত হওয়ার পর স্পষ্ট হয়েছে যে দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম বঙ্গ কেবল সীমান্তভূমি ছিল না; বরং এটি ছিল ধর্মীয় যোগাযোগ, মঠ-সংস্কৃতি, আচার, শিল্প ও আঞ্চলিক ঐতিহ্যের এক সক্রিয় ক্ষেত্র। মোগলমারিতে ২০০২–০৩ সাল থেকে শুরু হওয়া খননে একটি বৌদ্ধবিহার-কমপ্লেক্স, কোষকক্ষ, বৃত্তাকার স্তূপভিত্তি, স্টুকো অলংকৃত প্রাচীর, বুদ্ধমূর্তি, ভোটিভ ট্যাবলেট, প্রদক্ষিণপথ এবং কেন্দ্রীয় ধর্মীয় কাঠামোর উপস্থিতি প্রতীয়মান হয়েছে।³ ⁴ এই প্রবন্ধে [&hellip;]
- [Bioengineering and Moral Boundaries in Margaret Atwood’s Madd-Addam Trilogy](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/bioengineering-and-moral-boundaries-in-margaret-atwoods-madd-addam-trilogy/): Author: Abdul Wadud DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030022 Abstract: The rapid advancement of biotechnology and genetic engineering has profoundly reshaped contemporary discussions on ethics, identity, and the limits of human intervention in nature. Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy—comprising Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood, and MaddAddam—offers a compelling speculative framework through which these issues can be critically examined. This research article explores the ethical implications of bioengineering as depicted in the trilogy, focusing on the creation of genetically modified life forms, the commodification of science, and the erosion of moral boundaries in a hyper-technological world. Through a posthumanist and bioethical lens, [&hellip;]
- [Digital Leadership in Hybrid Work Settings: Belonging, Place Identity and Team Cohesion](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/digital-leadership-in-hybrid-work-settings-belonging-place-identity-and-team-cohesion/): Author: Tanwangini Sahani DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030023 Abstract: Hybrid work has moved from an emergency response to a durable organizing model, but the leadership literature has lagged behind the practice shift. This secondary research paper synthesizes recent peerreviewed literature on digital leadership in hybrid work settings with a focus on three objectives: (1) tracing how digital leadership has evolved post-pandemic, (2) evaluating its influence on employees’ sense of belonging, and (3) identifying gaps related to social isolation, inclusion, and team cohesion. Using a targeted narrative review of recent reviews and empirical studies, the paper finds that digital leadership has broadened from [&hellip;]
- [The Impact of Life Skills Education and Training on Promoting Gender Equality and Inclusion in Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/the-impact-of-life-skills-education-and-training-on-promoting-gender-equality-and-inclusion-in-education/): Author: Souvik Dandapat DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030024 Abstract: The proposed study titled “The Impact of Life Skills Education and Training on Promoting Gender Equality and Inclusion in Education” discusses the importance of life skills education in education and how life skills education can promote gender equality and social inclusion.Life skills education helps students acquire skills beyond the traditional curriculum that help them face everyday challenges.It focuses on communication, critical thinking, and social-emotional skills. Life skills education helps to transform the traditional education system. They give marginalized communities a sense of being heard and respected, encouraging them to move forward in life. [&hellip;]
- [Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in the Context of NEP 2020: A Study in Murshidabad District](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/occupational-stress-and-job-satisfaction-of-primary-school-teachers-in-the-context-of-nep-2020-a-study-in-murshidabad-district/): Author: Dr. Ashis Sahoo DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030025 Abstract: In light of the National Education Policy 2020, the current study examines the connection between job satisfaction and occupational stress among primary school teachers in the Murshidabad area. Stratified random selection was used to choose a sample of 120 teachers for the study, which used a descriptive and correlational research methodology. Data was gathered using standardised instruments, including the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Occupational Stress Scale. The results show that teachers had a moderate degree of job satisfaction and a moderate to high level of occupational stress. Occupational stress and job [&hellip;]
- [Ekadashi: A Scientific Sustainable Traditional Spiritual Fasting for Society](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/ekadashi-a-scientific-sustainable-traditional-spiritual-fasting-for-society/): Author: Dr. Dipali Maity DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030026 Abstract: Let me begin this ritual with a personal experiment: during ‘ekadashi’, I remain flabbergasted with the supreme energy in the body and the mind. This Vedic tradition is a struggle for existence and this ritual is concerned within the physical and social culture of our lives. ‘Ekadashi’ is a fasting system of the body and worshiping Lord Krishna, avatar of Lord Bishnu with chanting mantra to make a divine relationship with Lord Krishna. ‘Chanting mantra’ will vibrate in every cell of blood and destroy the toxic system of the body and sinful [&hellip;]
- [Irrigation Practices and Water Resource Management in Rural Areas: Challenges, Innovations, and Sustainable Pathways](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/irrigation-practices-and-water-resource-management-in-rural-areas-challenges-innovations-and-sustainable-pathways/): Author: Shyamsundar Sau DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030027 Abstract: Water is the lifeblood of agriculture and the cornerstone of rural development. In agrarian societies, especially across developing regions, irrigation practices and water resource management determine not only crop productivity but also socio-economic stability and ecological balance. This research article offers an extensive and critical analysis of irrigation systems in rural areas, tracing their evolution from traditional community-based methods to technologically advanced systems. It examines the multifaceted challenges of water scarcity, inefficient management, climate variability, and socio-economic disparities. Further, the article explores sustainable strategies, policy interventions, and technological innovations that can transform rural [&hellip;]
- [Caste System and Human Dignity: A Philosophical Analysis](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/caste-system-and-human-dignity-a-philosophical-analysis/): Author: Nawaz Sarif DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030028 Abstract: This article analyzes the concept, origins, characteristics, and trends of change of the Indian caste system. The caste system is essentially a social stratification system, which is based on birth, occupation, religious purity-impurity, and social norms. In this, intermarriage, specific codes of conduct and hereditary occupations play an important role. There are two types of views on the origin of the caste system—classical and historical. According to the classical view, the creation of the four castes is explained by religious interpretations, while according to the historical view, it gradually transformed from a division [&hellip;]
- [Exploring the Role of Mentorship in Enhancing Teacher Competence and Job Satisfaction](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/exploring-the-role-of-mentorship-in-enhancing-teacher-competence-and-job-satisfaction/): Author: Dr. Nilmoni Saha Roy DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030029 Abstract: Mentorship has emerged as a critical mechanism in professional development, particularly in the education sector, where teacher competence and job satisfaction are closely intertwined with student outcomes and overall school performance. This research article examines the multifaceted role of mentorship in shaping teachers’ pedagogical skills, classroom management abilities, professional identity, and emotional wellbeing. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives from educational psychology, adult learning theory, and organizational behavior, this study highlights the mechanisms through which mentorship fosters competence and satisfaction among teachers. Drawing upon case studies, empirical research, and conceptual frameworks, the article [&hellip;]
- [Teacher-Counselor Collaboration for Holistic Student Development](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/teacher-counselor-collaboration-for-holistic-student-development/): Author: Sibaprasad Maity DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030030 Abstract: The contemporary educational landscape emphasizes not only academic achievement but also socioemotional, behavioral, and cognitive development of students. Holistic education necessitates the integration of multiple support systems within schools, making teacher-counselor collaboration pivotal for comprehensive student development. This research article explores the multifaceted role of collaborative practices between teachers and school counselors in promoting academic success, emotional well-being, career guidance, and social competence. Drawing upon educational psychology, counseling theory, and empirical studies, the paper examines the mechanisms, challenges, and outcomes of such collaborations. Findings indicate that effective collaboration enhances student engagement, reduces behavioral [&hellip;]
- [Academic Rankings: An Analysis of Nandalal Ghosh B.T. College in the AD Scientific Index2025](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/academic-rankings-an-analysis-of-nandalal-ghosh-b-t-college-in-the-ad-scientific-index2025/): Author: Nikita Ghosh &amp; Surapati Pramanik DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030031 Abstract: The purpose of the study is to explore the academic standing of Nandalal Ghosh B.T. College as reflected in the AD Scientific Index 2025 rankings. Nandalal Ghosh B.T. College is a govt. aided B. Ed. College that achieved notable positions in the national, regional and global rankings 812th in India, 2,703rd in Asia, and 6,129th worldwide in the year 2025. This study also compares of the top -tier Indian Teacher Education Institutions paper such as National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research (NITTTR) Chandigarh, NITTTR Bhopal, NITTTR Kolkata, Indian [&hellip;]
- [Impact of Education on Women’s Political Participation in Rural Governance: A Study of Aligarh Division, Uttar Pradesh](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/impact-of-education-on-womens-political-participation-in-rural-governance-a-study-of-aligarh-division-uttar-pradesh/): Author: Monika Sahu &amp; Dr. Seema Sharma DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030032 Abstract: Education plays a transformative role in shaping the socio-political participation of individuals, particularly women in rural settings. In India, where gender disparities have historically limited women’s access to public and political spaces, education emerges as a powerful tool for empowerment and inclusion. This research paper examines the impact of education on women’s political participation in rural governance, with specific reference to the Aligarh Division of Uttar Pradesh. The study highlights how educational attainment enhances awareness, confidence, leadership abilities, and active engagement in Panchayati Raj Institutions. Using a descriptive and [&hellip;]
- [Reshaping the Online Interactive Teaching-Learning through VR for Sustainability – A Qualitative Study](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/reshaping-the-online-interactive-teaching-learning-through-vr-for-sustainability-a-qualitative-study/): Author: Parnab Ghosh &amp; Dr. Amal Kumar Chakrabarty DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030033 Abstract: Online education has expanded access to learning opportunities, yet maintaining meaningful interaction and sustained learner engagement remains a persistent challenge. Virtual reality (VR) and other emerging immersive technologies provide new opportunities for making digital learning environments more engaging and participatory. This study investigates how virtual reality (VR) may help transform interactive online learning while promoting sustainable educational practices. The study investigates participant experiences and perceptions of VR use in online learning environments using a qualitative research methodology. An indepth understanding of how immersive environments affect engagement, cooperation, and [&hellip;]
- [A Study on the Impact of Activity-Based Learning on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/a-study-on-the-impact-of-activity-based-learning-on-academic-achievement-of-secondary-school-students/): Author: Dr. Sharmistha Ghosh DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030034 Abstract: Education is fundamental to the intellectual and social development of individuals. In recent years, there has been increased emphasis on implementing innovative, learner-centered teaching methods to improve educational quality. Activity-Based Learning (ABL) is one such approach that actively engages students in the learning process. This study investigates the impact of ABL on the academic achievement of secondary school students. ABL is an instructional method that prioritizes student engagement through hands-on activities, collaborative tasks, and experiential learning, rather than relying solely on traditional lecturebased instruction. The primary objective of this research is to [&hellip;]
- [Comparative Effect of Selected Asanas and Pranayama on Vital Capacity among District Level Volleyball and Kabaddi Players](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/comparative-effect-of-selected-asanas-and-pranayama-on-vital-capacity-among-district-level-volleyball-and-kabaddi-players/): Author: Dr. Debabrata Samanta DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030035 Abstract: This study examined the comparative effect of selected yogic asanas and pranayama practices on vital capacity among district-level volleyball and kabaddi players. Thirty male players aged 18-23 years were selected from athletes who participated in the Inter-College District Volleyball and Kabaddi Championships held in 2024 at Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal. The participants were assigned to three groups of ten each. Group A consisted of volleyball players, Group B consisted of kabaddi players, and Group C served as the control group. The experimental groups followed a six-week programme of specific asanas [&hellip;]
- [ন্যায়বিচার তত্ত্ব : ড. অমর্ত্য সেনের ন্যায়বিচার ধারনার আলকে জন রলসের ন্যায়বিচার তত্ত্বের পর্যালোচনা](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%bc%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%9a%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%ac-%e0%a6%a1-%e0%a6%85%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%b0/): Author: Mir Alam Khan DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030036 Abstract: ন্যায়বিচার মানব সভ্যতার অন্যতম মৌলিক ধারণা, যা সমতা, স্বাধীনতা ও নৈতিকতার সাথে গভীরভাবে যুক্ত। প্রাচীনকাল থেকেই মানুষ ন্যায়-অন্যায়, সঠিক-ভুল এবং ন্যায্য-অন্যায্য নিয়ে চিন্তা করেছে। প্লেটো তাঁর “Republic” গ্রন্থে ন্যায়বিচারকে সমাজের প্রতিটি শ্রেণির নিজ নিজ দায়িত্ব সঠিকভাবে পালন করার মধ্যে দেখেছেন, আর এরিস্টটল ন্যায়কে সমতার নীতি হিসেবে ব্যাখ্যা করেছেন এবং বণ্টনমূলক ও সংশোধনমূলক ন্যায়ের পার্থক্য তুলে ধরেছেন। মধ্যযুগে সেন্ট অগাস্টিন ন্যায়কে ঈশ্বরের ইচ্ছার সাথে যুক্ত করেন, আর থমাস অ্যাকুইনাস প্রাকৃতিক আইন ও নৈতিক শৃঙ্খলার সাথে ন্যায়কে সম্পর্কিত করেন। আধুনিক যুগে ন্যায়বিচারের ব্যাখ্যা আরও বৈচিত্র্যময় হয়। টমাস হবস ন্যায়কে সামাজিক চুক্তির ফল হিসেবে দেখেন, [&hellip;]
- [Tibetan Buddhist Tradition:The Bodhisattva as aCentral Figure of the Devotional Practices through the MahāyānaPath](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/tibetan-buddhist-traditionthe-bodhisattva-as-acentral-figure-of-the-devotional-practices-through-the-mahayanapath/): Author: Dr. Chandrajit Roy DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030037 Abstract: In the Tibetan Book of the Dead, it is taught that at death there is an encounter with this true inner nature, sugatagarbha or Dharmatā, when the Veils of egocentricity briefly drop away, and shining, unobstructed awareness is disclosed. In line with Tibetan Nyingma doctrine, a Tibetan lama, Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche, equates this radiant essence with Buddha Nature. He writes: &#8230; all sentient beings already possess an enlightened spirit, the sugatagarbha [i.e. the Buddha-nature]. This essence permeates anyone with a mind, just as oil thoroughly permeates any sesame seed &#8230; The moment [&hellip;]
- [Nazrul’s Writings as a Medium of Egalitarian Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/nazruls-writings-as-a-medium-of-egalitarian-education/): Author: Dr. Anamika Shil DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030038 Abstract: Kazi Nazrul Islam’s writings extend beyond literature and function as a powerful medium of egalitarian education. His poems and songs consistently promote values of equality, justice, and human dignity by addressing issues such as gender discrimination, poverty, and communal division. Drawing from diverse cultural and linguistic traditions, Nazrul presents a vision of an inclusive and humane society. This paper examines selected works, such as Manush, Nari, and Daridro, to show how his writings foster social awareness and value-based learning. It argues that Nazrul’s ideas remain highly relevant in shaping an inclusive and [&hellip;]
- [India-Bangladesh Relations in the Post-Hasina Era: Analytical Study](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/india-bangladesh-relations-in-the-post-hasina-era-analytical-study/): Author: MD Nurul Hasan Sk DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030039 Abstract: The political transition in Bangladesh following the tenure of Sheikh Hasina marks a significant turning point in India–Bangladesh relations, which have historically been characterized by cooperation, strategic convergence, and occasional tensions. This article examines the evolving dynamics of bilateral relations in the post-Hasina era, focusing on key areas such as political engagement, economic cooperation, security collaboration, and regional geopolitics. During Hasina’s leadership, ties between the two countries strengthened through enhanced connectivity, trade expansion, counter-terrorism efforts, and the resolution of long-standing disputes such as the Land Boundary Agreement. However, the emergence of [&hellip;]
- [Understanding Design Thinking in Education: Concepts, Models And Pedagogical Implications in 21st Century Classrooms](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/understanding-design-thinking-in-education-concepts-models-and-pedagogical-implications-in-21st-century-classrooms/): Author: Miss Soma Shit , Mr. Furgal Saren &amp; Dr. Chinmay Ghosh DOI Link:https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030040 Abstract: Education today is no longer confined to memorization or passive learning; rather, it is increasingly focused on nurturing creativity, problem-solving, and adaptability among learners. In this context, Design Thinking has emerged as a powerful and flexible approach that places learners at the centre of the educational process. This paper explores the concepts, models, and pedagogical relevance of Design Thinking in contemporary classrooms. Using a qualitative review of recent studies and theoretical discussions, the article highlights how Design Thinking encourages active participation, empathy, collaboration, and innovation [&hellip;]
- [মালদা জেলার নিরিখে ‘খারওয়ার’ জনজাতির উপর একটি ঐতিহাসিক পর্যালোচনা।](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%be-%e0%a6%9c%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%96%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%96%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%93/): Author: Rajesh Mandal DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030041 Abstract: খারওয়ার পূর্বভারতের বিভিন্ন রাজ্যগুলোতে বসবাসকারী একটি বিশেষ পরিচিত আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায়। এদের নিজস্ব ভাষা ও কৃষ্টি কালচার রয়েছে। বর্তমানে ঝাড়খন্ড রাজ্যের পালামৌ জেলায় আদিমকাল থেকেখারওয়াররা বসবাস করে আসছিলো। তবে ছোটনাগপুর ও বিহারের বেশ বিস্তীর্ণ এলাকায় এদের সংখ্যাধিক্য দেখা যায়। ভারতবর্ষের ৮ টি রাজ্যে এদের সন্ধান পাওয়া যায়। পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, বিহার, ঝাড়খন্ড, উড়িষ্যা, ছত্রিশগড়, মধ্যপ্রদেশ, মহারাষ্ট্র এবং উত্তর প্রদেশে। তবে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ রাজ্যে এরা মূলত মালদা, বর্ধমান, বাঁকুড়া, বীরভূম, মেদিনীপুর, ২৪ পরগনা, নদীয়া, মুর্শিদাবাদ, দিনাজপুর, দার্জিলিং এবং পুরুলিয়া জেলায় বসবাস করে। পশ্চিমবঙ্গে মালদা জেলার রতুয়া ব্লকের রুকুন্দিপুর, জাননগর, দেবীপুর, হরিপুর, মোর্চা, পীরগাই, ঘাসীনগর, খৈলসনা, নশীপুর, কুমারগঞ্জ, রঘুনাথপুর, [&hellip;]
- [Implementation of Local Language in Teacher Education Programme with Special Reference to National Education Policy 2020](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/implementation-of-local-language-in-teacher-education-programme-with-special-reference-to-national-education-policy-2020/): Author: Ms. Sumana Hazra DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030042 Abstract: Primarily language is such an instrument through which human souls compose its own melody. Mother language is like a tree where thousands of birds (Human Souls) take their shelter, love each other and express their core feelings. Local language is like a cozy fireplace where we get warm in winter and sometimes it becomes the sword and shield to defend the enemy. Language shapes us, language saves us and language makes our lives joyous. This paper explains the role of the local languages towards development of learners at different levels of education [&hellip;]
- [The Goddess and the Mortal: Duality of Female Archetypes in Modern Retellings of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/the-goddess-and-the-mortal-duality-of-female-archetypes-in-modern-retellings-of-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/): Author: Amit Ghosh DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030043 Abstract: The reinterpretation of mythological narratives in contemporary literature has enabled a critical reassessment of female archetypes, particularly within the framework of Indian epics. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s mythological retellings, notably The Palace of Illusions and The Forest of Enchantments, foreground a compelling duality in the representation of women—as both divine figures and mortal beings. This duality challenges traditional constructions of femininity that often confine women within rigid archetypal roles such as the goddess, the nurturer, or the sacrificer. This research article examines how Divakaruni reconfigures the dichotomy between the goddess and the mortal by [&hellip;]
- [Good Governance and Rural Transformation in West Bengal: An Analytical Study](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/good-governance-and-rural-transformation-in-west-bengal-an-analytical-study/): Author: Dr. Sulata Chakraborty Bhadra &amp; Prasanta Adhikary DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030044 Abstract: Good governance has emerged as a crucial determinant in accelerating rural transformation, particularly in a diverse and populous state like West Bengal. This analytical study explores the role of governance mechanisms in fostering socio-economic development in rural areas, with a focus on transparency, accountability, participation, and efficiency in public administration. The paper examines key government initiatives, decentralization through Panchayati Raj Institutions, and the implementation of welfare schemes aimed at poverty alleviation, infrastructure development, and social inclusion. It further evaluates the impact of digital governance, rural employment programs, and [&hellip;]
- [Acceptance and Adaptation of E-Learning in Bokaro District of Jharkhand: Issues, Challenges and Emerging Opportunities](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/acceptance-and-adaptation-of-e-learning-in-bokaro-district-of-jharkhand-issues-challenges-and-emerging-opportunities/): Author: Sr. Kamala Bihari DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030045 Abstract: The rapid growth of digital technology has significantly transformed the field of education, making elearning an important mode of instruction across different regions. The present study focuses on the acceptance and adaptation of e-learning in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand, with special emphasis on identifying the major issues, challenges, and emerging opportunities associated with its use. The study aims to understand how students and teachers perceive e-learning, the extent to which they have adapted to it, and the factors influencing its effective implementation. This study is based on a descriptive and evaluative [&hellip;]
- [Critical Pedagogy and English Studies: Empowering Learners through Language](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/critical-pedagogy-and-english-studies-empowering-learners-through-language/): Author: Dr. Mriganka Das DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030046 Abstract: In contemporary education, the role of language extends far beyond communication, functioning as a powerful medium through which knowledge, identity, and power are constructed and negotiated. Critical pedagogy, rooted in the works of Paulo Freire and other transformative educators, offers a framework for reimagining English Studies as a site of empowerment, resistance, and social change. This research article explores the intersection of critical pedagogy and English Studies, examining how language education can foster critical consciousness, challenge dominant ideologies, and promote social justice. Drawing upon interdisciplinary perspectives from education, linguistics, and literary studies, [&hellip;]
- [Climate Change Adaptation Strategies among Coastal Communities: Vulnerabilities, Practices, and Pathways to Resilience](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/climate-change-adaptation-strategies-among-coastal-communities-vulnerabilities-practices-and-pathways-to-resilience/): Author: Debika Haldar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030047 Abstract: Coastal regions across the globe are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including sea-level rise, coastal erosion, storm surges, and extreme weather events. Communities residing in these areas, particularly in developing countries, face significant socio-economic and environmental challenges due to their dependence on climate-sensitive resources such as fisheries, agriculture, and coastal ecosystems. This study examines climate adaptation practices among coastal communities, focusing on their vulnerability, traditional knowledge systems, and modern adaptive strategies. By integrating case-based insights, environmental analysis, and policy perspectives, the study highlights the importance of communitydriven adaptation, ecosystem-based approaches, [&hellip;]
- [A Study of Challenges and Prospects on the Implementation of the National Education Policy2020 in School Education in India](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/a-study-of-challenges-and-prospects-on-the-implementation-of-the-national-education-policy2020-in-school-education-in-india/): Author: Dr. Bimal Mandal DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030048 Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a landmark reform in India’s education system, aiming to transform school education through inclusivity, equity, and holistic development. This study examines the implementation of NEP 2020 in school education, focusing on challenges and prospects, using a qualitative approach based on secondary data. Policy documents, government reports, and recent academic studies reveal that while NEP 2020 has generated optimism, its practical execution faces significant hurdles. Rural–urban disparities, infrastructural gaps, teacher shortages, and the digital divide continue to limit equitable access. Secondary data highlights that many schools, [&hellip;]
- [Spatial Dynamics of Vendors’ Space-Sharing Under the Influence of Natural Calamities in the Coastal area of Puducherry Municipality](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/spatial-dynamics-of-vendors-space-sharing-under-the-influence-of-natural-calamities-in-the-coastal-area-of-puducherry-municipality/): Author: Laylee Chakraborty &amp; Priyabrata Sau DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030049 Abstract: Vendor survey was conducted in some selected wards (no.4,12,20,39) of Puducherry municipality on the basis of 100 respondent vendors surveyed in Puducherry, this study was conducted to gather information that how space is shared among the local vendors in the concerned area. All the figures are drawn from the primary survey, 2024. Here we are dealing with age-sex composition, qualification status, groups of educational qualification, number of earning members in the family, monthly income in the family, family income structure, types of stall, stall condition, stall occupied area, financial support [&hellip;]
- [Role of Indigenous PedagogicalPractices toPreservethe Indian Knowledge System (IKS)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/role-of-indigenous-pedagogicalpractices-topreservethe-indian-knowledge-system-iks/): Author: Sayan Bose, Riku Majumdar &amp; Dr. Shyamsundar Bairagya DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030050 Abstract: The Indian Knowledge System (IKS), rooted in the country&#8217;s ancient philosophy, science, and culture, is still recognised in contemporary discourse.IKS is slowly fading away because of modernization and noninclusion in the formal educational curriculum. Inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge Systems within educational programs is highlighted in the newly developed National Education Policy (NEP) of India, introduced in 2020. The present study aims to explore the role of indigenous pedagogical practices in preserving IKS. The study makes use of a qualitative research design, which involves literature reviews and analysis [&hellip;]
- [মধ্যযুগীয় বাংলা সাহিত্যে ধর্ম ও নৈতিকতা: চণ্ডীদাসের কাব্যকর্মের আলোকে](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/manabendra-nath-maji/): Author: মানবেন্দ্র নাথ মাজী DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030051 Abstract: মধ্যযুগীয় বাংলা সাহিত্য ধর্ম, নৈতিকতা এবং সামাজিক চেতনার একটি সমৃদ্ধ ধারা হিসেবে বিবেচিত। এই গবেষণাপত্রে চণ্ডীদাসের কাব্যকর্মকে কেন্দ্র করে মধ্যযুগীয় বাংলা সাহিত্যে ধর্ম ও নৈতিকতার প্রকাশ বিশ্লেষণ করা হয়েছে। চণ্ডীদাস, যিনি চণ্ডীমঙ্গল ও শ্রীকৃষ্ণমঙ্গল রচনা করেছেন, কেবল দেবতার মহিমা ও আধ্যাত্মিক শিক্ষার প্রতিফলন ঘটাননি, বরং সাধারণ মানুষের নৈতিক জীবন, সামাজিক মূল্যবোধ এবং আঞ্চলিক সংস্কৃতির বাস্তব চিত্রও উপস্থাপন করেছেন। চণ্ডীমঙ্গলে স্থানীয় উৎসব, পূজা, গ্রামীণ জীবন ও সামাজিক সম্পর্কের বর্ণনা কেবল আধ্যাত্মিক শিক্ষার মাধ্যম নয়, আঞ্চলিক সংস্কৃতি সংরক্ষণ ও প্রচারের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মাধ্যম হিসেবেও কাজ করেছে। শ্রীকৃষ্ণমঙ্গলে কৃষ্ণভক্তির মাধ্যমে সহমর্মিতা, ন্যায়পরায়ণতা এবং পারস্পরিক সহযোগিতার [&hellip;]
- [বঙ্কিমচন্দ্রের বন্দে মাতরম: ভারতীয় সংস্কৃতির ধারক ও মৌলিক কর্তব্য](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue3/bikash-pradhan/): Author: বিকাশ প্রধান DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04030051 Abstract: বর্তমান সময়ে ভারতের রাজনীতির আঙিনায় ও ভারতীয় সংস্কৃতির প্রেক্ষাপটে বন্দেমাতরম্ সংগীতটি একটি বিতর্কিত ও বহুল চর্চিত বিষয়। গবেষণার মাধ্যমে দেখানো হয়েছে ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামের ইতিহাসে বাংলা তথা পরাধীন ভারতে, বন্দে মাতরম সংগীত ও বন্দে মাতরম ধ্বনিটি বিপ্লবীদের তৎকালীন অপরাজেয় ইংরেজ প্রভুদের সাম্রাজ্যবাদের ভীত নাড়িয়ে দিয়েছিল। মূর্খ অজ্ঞ ভারতবাসীকে জাতীয়তাবাদে উজ্জীবিত করেছিল। কিন্তু কালের নিয়মে সংগীতটির ঐতিহ্য ক্রমশ ফিকে হয়ে যাচ্ছে। বর্তমানে (২০২৬ খ্রিস্টাব্দ) কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারের নির্দেশিকায় বন্দে মাতরম গানটিকে, বিশেষ মুহূর্ত গুলোতে গানটিকে গাওয়া বাধ্যতামূলক করছে। গবেষণায় সেই নির্দেশিকা কতটা প্রাসঙ্গিক বর্তমান ভারতীয় সমাজব্যবস্থায় তার একটি সুষ্ঠ সমাধানের চেষ্টা করা হয়েছে। এই গবেষণা [&hellip;]
- [Peasant Movements and Agrarian Resistance in Colonial India](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/mis/peasant-movements-and-agrarian-resistance-in-colonial-india/): Author: Krishna Kanta Das DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04020033 Abstract: Peasant movements and agrarian resistance formed an important dimension of the socio-economic and political history of colonial India. During the British colonial period, the agrarian structure of India underwent significant transformation due to the introduction of new land revenue systems, commercialization of agriculture, and the increasing influence of landlords, moneylenders, and colonial administrators. These developments created severe economic hardships for peasants, leading to widespread protests and organized resistance. Peasant movements were not merely spontaneous uprisings but reflected deeper structural inequalities within the colonial agrarian system. From early revolts such as the Indigo [&hellip;]
- [Awareness of ICT among School Level Students](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/mis/awareness-of-ict-among-school-level-students/): Author: Sanjoy Halder DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04020034 Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an essential component of modern education systems. Awareness of ICT among school-level students plays a significant role in developing digital literacy, critical thinking, and learning efficiency. This study examines the level of ICT awareness among school students and its impact on learning practices. The research highlights how access to digital tools, teacher guidance, and school infrastructure influence students’ familiarity with ICT. Using a descriptive survey method, data were collected from school students to analyze their understanding and usage of ICT tools. The findings reveal moderate awareness [&hellip;]
- [Higher Education Participation among Scheduled Tribe Students in West Bengal: Challenges and Opportunities](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/mis/higher-education-participation-among-scheduled-tribe-students-in-west-bengal-challenges-and-opportunities/): Author: Mamoni Khamrai DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04020037 Abstract: Higher education plays a vital role in promoting social mobility, economic development, and empowerment among marginalized communities. Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in West Bengal have historically faced educational disadvantages due to socio-economic marginalization, geographical isolation, and limited access to educational resources. Although government initiatives and reservation policies have improved enrollment rates, the participation of tribal students in higher education remains comparatively low. This paper examines the status of higher education participation among Scheduled Tribe students in West Bengal, identifies major challenges affecting their access and retention, and explores policy measures and institutional strategies [&hellip;]
- [পূর্ব ও অবিভক্ত পশ্চিম মেদিনীপুরের কয়েকটি প্রত্যন্ত অঞ্চলে ক্ষেত্র-সমীক্ষার প্রেক্ষিতে লোক-ঔষধ ও লোক-চিকিৎসার বর্তমান ও ভবিষ্যৎ ভাবনা](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/mis/amartya-panja-dr-chandra-sekhar-halder/): Author: Amartya Panja &amp; Dr. Chandra Sekhar Halder DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04020037 Abstract: লোক-ঔষধ ও লোক-চিকিৎসা বাংলার গ্রামীণ ও আদিবাসী সমাজে দীর্ঘকাল ধরে প্রচলিত একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ চিকিৎসা-ব্যবস্থা। পূর্ব ও অবিভক্ত পশ্চিম মেদিনীপুর জেলার বহু প্রত্যন্ত গ্রামাঞ্চলে এখনও প্রাকৃতিক ভেষজ উদ্ভিদ, স্থানীয় অভিজ্ঞতা এবং আচার-অনুষ্ঠাননির্ভর চিকিৎসা পদ্ধতির প্রচলন লক্ষ্য করা যায়। ক্ষেত্র-সমীক্ষার মাধ্যমে দেখা যায় যে সাঁওতাল, লোধা, মুন্ডা, ভুমিজ প্রভৃতি আদিবাসী সম্প্রদায়ের মধ্যে লোক-চিকিৎসা এখনো প্রাথমিক স্বাস্থ্যসেবার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। গ্রামীণ চিকিৎসক, ওঝা, কবিরাজ বা বৈদ্যরা বিভিন্ন ভেষজ উদ্ভিদের পাতা, মূল, ছাল ও বীজ ব্যবহার করে নানা রোগের চিকিৎসা করেন। গবেষণায় জানা যায় যে এই অঞ্চলে প্রায় ৫০–৫৫ ধরনের ঔষধি উদ্ভিদ স্থানীয় [&hellip;]
- [कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता और श्रम बाजार में परिवर्तन : एक आर्थिक विश्लेषण](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/mis/web-based-library-and-information-services-evolution-challenges-and-development-2/): Author: Sumit Kumar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04020038 Abstract: वर्तमान समय में तकनीकी विकास ने वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था और श्रम बाजार की संरचना को गहराई से प्रभावित किया है। विशेष रूप से Artificial Intelligence (कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता) के विकास ने उत्पादन प्रणाली, कार्य प्रक्रियाओं और रोजगार के अवसरों में व्यापक परिवर्तन उत्पन्न किए हैं। कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता मशीनों को मानव जैसी सोचने, सीखने और निर्णय लेने की क्षमता प्रदान करती है, जिसके कारण उद्योगों और सेवा क्षेत्रों में स्वचालन तेजी से बढ़ रहा है। इस शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता के श्रम बाजार पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों का आर्थिक विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन में [&hellip;]
- [Web-Based Library and Information Services: Evolution, Challenges and Development](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/web-based-library-and-information-services-evolution-challenges-and-development/): Author: Dr. Aditi Joshi DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031001 Abstract: The World Wide Web, one of the Internet’s primary services, has radically transformed how people interact, study, teach, perform business, find work, receive healthcare, and more. It significantly affects the 21stcentury publishing and information distribution systems. The applications of the internet and web technology have influenced how libraries function and offer their patrons information services. Libraries are essential for promoting research and education. The use of this technology made it easy to access a variety of databases and information sources that are located all over the world. The present paper mainly discusses [&hellip;]
- [Role of MSMEs in the Indian Economy with Special Reference to Jute Industries](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/role-of-msmes-in-the-indian-economy-with-special-reference-to-jute-industries/): Author: Dr. Bhavesh C. Bhuptani DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031002 Abstract: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a pivotal role in the growth and structural transformation of the Indian economy by contributing significantly to employment generation, industrial output, exports, and regional development. As a labor-intensive sector, MSMEs promote inclusive growth by providing livelihood opportunities in rural and semi-urban areas. Within this framework, the jute industry occupies a distinctive position due to its agro-based nature, eco-friendly products, and strong linkages with small producers and traditional artisans. India is one of the largest producers of raw jute and jute goods, and a substantial [&hellip;]
- [Teaching Competencies of D.El.Ed. Teacher Educators of Janglemahal in NEP 2020: in Special Reference of Purulia District](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/teaching-competencies-of-d-el-ed-teacher-educators-of-janglemahal-in-nep-2020-in-special-reference-of-purulia-district/): Author: Madhumita Mukhopadhyay &amp; Dr. Lubhawani Tripathi DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031003 Abstract: The study titled “Teaching Competencies of D.El.Ed. Teacher Educators of Janglemahal: With Special Reference to Purulia District” investigates the professional skills, pedagogical practices, and competency levels of teacher educators working in Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed.) institutions. Situated within the socio-economically diverse and educationally challenged region of Janglemahal, Purulia district presents unique conditions that influence teacher education quality. The research examines core teaching competencies such as instructional planning, content mastery, classroom management, learner-centred pedagogy, assessment skills, ICT integration, and reflective practices. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected through [&hellip;]
- [Digital Transformation and Smart Learning Ecosystems](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/digital-transformation-and-smart-learning-ecosystems/): Author: Dr. Premlata P. Kurhekar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031004 Abstract: By incorporating cutting-edge technologies, creative approaches, and clever platforms, digital transformation is crucial for enhancing education and increasing the accessibility and effect of learning. However, because of conventional geographical and infrastructure limitations, current educational approaches struggle with scarce resources, inflexible environments, and obstacles to collaboration. The infrastructure, relationship patterns, and organisational structure of education can all be altered by the use of digital technologies in service delivery. But merely implementing technology won’t guarantee education’s successful digital transformation. Therefore, users’ willingness to use technology and their digital culture should be improved to [&hellip;]
- [The Role of Financial Literacy in Promoting Economic Empowerment in Maharashtra: Opportunities and Challenges](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/the-role-of-financial-literacy-in-promoting-economic-empowerment-in-maharashtra-opportunities-and-challenges-2/): Author: Dr. Santosh B. Gaikwad DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031005 Abstract: Financial literacy is a critical determinant of economic empowerment, particularly in a diverse and economically dynamic state like Maharashtra. As one of India’s leading industrial and financial hubs, Maharashtra presents both significant opportunities and persistent inequalities across urban and rural regions. This study examines the role of financial literacy in enhancing economic empowerment by improving individuals’ capacity to make informed financial decisions related to savings, credit, investment, insurance, and entrepreneurship. Increased financial awareness contributes to greater participation in formal banking systems, reduces dependence on informal credit sources, and strengthens household financial [&hellip;]
- [Cattell’s Trait Theory of Personality](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/cattells-trait-theory-of-personality-2/): Author: Miss. Ujwala Sadashio Navale &amp; Dr. Ganesh K. Petkar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031006 Abstract: The Personality is often understood in terms of being good looking, attractive etc. They go by the impression created by the person concerned. The ability to talk and interact with others pleasantly in addition to being good looking, would make others say that the person concerned has a good personality. Persons who do not have good looks or not well dressed or do not interact adequately are considered to have poor personality, but psychologically this is not a true concept of personality. In fact, psychologists consider [&hellip;]
- [Survey of Major Existing Flora of Hathras District of Uttar Pradesh, India](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/survey-of-major-existing-flora-of-hathras-district-of-uttar-pradesh-india/): Author: O. P. Singh1 &amp; Aruna Shende DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031007 Abstract: The flora of Hathras District of Uttar Pradesh (india) especially on urban and rural areas has been recorded. The information based on rural areas gathering oral, folklores and search of literature on medicinal plants it has ethnomedicinal importance in India even today. There are 460 major speces in the region belonging to 325 genera and 99 families. Among 460species 77 belongs to poaceae makes it a dominating family. Fabaceae with the 52 species is second and Asteraceae with 34 species occupies second and third position, respectively. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Dissolution, [&hellip;]
- [Gender Inequality in Education and Employment in Maharashtra](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/gender-inequality-in-education-and-employment-in-maharashtra/): Author: Dr. Snigdha Kamble DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031008 Abstract: This study examines gender inequality in education and employment within Maharashtra, India, employing a sample of 148 respondents to rigorously test two null hypotheses: the absence of significant disparities in educational access (H₀₁) and employment opportunities (H₀₂) between genders. Key objectives encompass evaluating inequality levels, analysing employment differences, pinpointing social and economic drivers, and recommending targeted interventions. Findings underscore persistent rural-urban divides, with lower female enrolment and workforce participation rates rejecting both hypotheses, fueled by patriarchal norms, poverty, and infrastructural deficits. Preliminary analyses via chi-square tests reveal stark gaps: rural female secondary [&hellip;]
- [Beyond the Sketch: The Core Process of Pattern Making](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/beyond-the-sketch-the-core-process-of-pattern-making/): Author: Nitu Sharma DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031009 Abstract: This article describes the pattern making process very important for Apparel Industry. Pattern Making technologies are smooth the path of pliability in the areas of pattern making, marker making, grading, easily make designer garments, reduced waste of material and increased efficiency of fabric and also maintain quality and accuracy of the cutting department for garment manufacturing. The garment industry mainly depends on pattern making techniques. Pattern making is an important step for the industry and plays a important role. An important factor of garments is fitting which depends on the correct pattern. This [&hellip;]
- [Impact of Digital Payment Systems on Financial Inclusion in Maharashtra](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/impact-of-digital-payment-systems-on-financial-inclusion-in-maharashtra/): Author: Dr. Priya D. Gedam DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031011 Abstract: The present study examines looks into how digital payments affect financial access in Maharashtra. Its goal? To check whether tools like UPI, mobile banking, or e-wallets help more people use official money services. It uses a mix of description and analysis, pulling from first-hand info plus existing sources. Data came directly from 200 individuals via organised surveys handed out across chosen city and village spots there. Other details were pulled from RBI papers, NPCI records, state documents, along with related studies. Statistical methods like percent calculations, averages, or chi-squared checks helped [&hellip;]
- [Digital Transformation And Smart Learning Ecosystems for Sports](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/digital-transformation-and-smart-learning-ecosystems-for-sports-2/): Author: Dr. G. Ramchandra Rao DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031012 Abstract: Especially with digitally literate learning, smart learning services, and platforms have come about through technology, which practically destroys so many traditional and current methods of learning within a wide range of sectors other than sports. These courses configure smart learning ecosystems which, in turn, make connections among digital tools, data analytics, human activities, and adaptive learning processes and therefore their redesign on the very processes to foster athlete training, how decisions are reached by coaches themselves, and then how organizations within sports plan from left to right along the path of [&hellip;]
- [Content Analysis: An Introductory Overview](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/content-analysis-an-introductory-overview/): Author: Nisha D. Wankhede &amp; Dr. Pratibha G. Taksande DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031013 Abstract: Content analysis is a widely used research technique in Library and Information Science (LIS) for systematically examining documents, texts, publications, and communication patterns. This paper provides an introductory overview of content analysis, including its definitions, historical foundations, review of literature, applications in LIS research, types, advantages, limitations, and scope. The paper aims to guide beginners in understanding the relevance and significance of content analysis in the field of libraryscience. Keywords: Content Analysis, Research Methodology, Communication, Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis, Library Science. Page No: 66-71
- [Leadership, Ethics and Value-Based Management Education : Fostering Principled Leaders in a Complex Business Landscape](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/leadership-ethics-and-value-based-management-education-fostering-principled-leaders-in-a-complex-business-landscape/): Author: Dr. Anil Ramchandra Gore DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031014 Abstract: Leadership, ethics, and value-based management education have emerged as critical pillars of contemporary business education. In an era marked by globalization, technological disruption, corporate governance failures, and increasing societal expectations for responsible corporate behaviour, the role of management education has expanded beyond imparting technical knowledge. Institutions are now expected to cultivate principled leaders capable of ethical decision-making, stakeholder sensitivity, and long-term sustainable thinking. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, pedagogical frameworks, institutional strategies, and empirical implications of integrating ethics and value-based leadership into management education. Drawing upon leadership theory, moral philosophy, [&hellip;]
- [Language, Communication, and Employability Skills: A Critical Academic Perspective](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/language-communication-and-employability-skills-a-critical-academic-perspective/): Author: Mr. Santosh Ranganath Polchettiwar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031015 Abstract: In the contemporary globalized and knowledge-driven economy, employability is no longer determined solely by academic qualifications or technical expertise. Language proficiency and effective communication skills have emerged as central determinants of graduates’ employability across disciplines and professional sectors. This research paper critically examines the interrelationship between language, communication, and employability skills from an academic perspective. It explores how linguistic competence and communicative abilities shape professional identity, workplace performance, and career progression. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature from applied linguistics, education, and employability studies, the paper analyses theoretical frameworks, pedagogical practices, and institutional [&hellip;]
- [Re-reading the Poona Pact: Roy’s Interpretation of the Gandhi–Ambedkar Conflict on Political Representation](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/re-reading-the-poona-pact-roys-interpretation-of-the-gandhi-ambedkar-conflict-on-political-representation/): Author: Mangala Lokhande &amp; Dr. Usha Sakure DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031016 Abstract: This research paper explores Arundhati Roy’s reinterpretation of the 1932 Poona Pact in her well known non-fiction The Doctor and the Saint: Caste,Race and Annihilation of Caste and the book focuses on the tensions between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar regarding political representation for the depressed and marginalized classes (now Dalits). Roy argues that the Poona Pact was a turning point that shaped India’s democratic structure while simultaneously limiting Dalit political autonomy and she sees the Pact as giving structure to Indian democracy while simultaneously undercutting Dalit political [&hellip;]
- [Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Culture, Society and Language](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/impact-of-artificial-intelligence-in-education-culture-society-and-language/): Author: Anandita Dam DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031017 Abstract: In the present world, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming education-based studies to culture-related fields and language spheres. It maps AI into seven different taxonomies, starting from Narrow to Self-Aware, offering an exhaustive categorization of how far or close we can get with a particular model. In education, the paper considers how AI can allow personalized learning adventures and adaptive practice as well as intelligent tutoring structures to improve upon traditional drives in schooling. AI is studied on such cultural aspects as heritage protection, digitization, and creative use, while demographic issues related to [&hellip;]
- [Cattell’s Trait Theory of Personality](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/cattells-trait-theory-of-personality/): Author: Miss. Ujwala Sadashio Navale &amp; Dr. Ganesh K. Petkar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031018 Abstract: The Personality is often understood in terms of being good looking, attractive etc. They go by the impression created by the person concerned. The ability to talk and interact with others pleasantly in addition to being good looking, would make others say that the person concerned has a good personality. Persons who do not have good looks or not well dressed or do not interact adequately are considered to have poor personality, butpsychologically this is not a true concept of personality. In fact, psychologists consider any [&hellip;]
- [Professional Commitment of Secondary School Teachers in Tripura](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/professional-commitment-of-secondary-school-teachers-in-tripura/): Author: Dr. Ratan Kumar Das DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031019 Abstract: Professional commitment is recognized as a natural ingredient of teaching profession. It is closely connected to teacher’s work performance, absenteeism, burnout and turn over as well as having an influence on student’s achievement in and attitudes towards school. Professional commitment refers to a mind-set reflecting loyalty and willingness to give one’s all to a particular person, principle or plan of action. This research paper compares the degree of professional commitment of secondary teachers in relation to their gender, educational qualification, management, teaching experience. Commitment is seen to be one of the [&hellip;]
- [The Role of Financial Literacy in Promoting Economic Empowerment in Maharashtra: Opportunities and Challenges](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/the-role-of-financial-literacy-in-promoting-economic-empowerment-in-maharashtra-opportunities-and-challenges/): Author: Dr. Santosh B. Gaikwad DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031020 Abstract: Financial literacy has emerged as a key enabler for economic well-being, particularly in developing regions like Maharashtra, India. This paper examines how financial literacy impacts financial empowerment among diverse populations in Maharashtra, analyses the opportunities created by current financial initiatives, and identifies ongoing challenges. Using secondary data from government reports, academic studies, and economic surveys, the research highlights the relationship between financial knowledge and financial decision-making techniques, savings behavior, credit access, entrepreneurship, and gender equality. Policy recommendations are also proposed to enhance financial literacy and thereby strengthen inclusive economic growth. Keywords: [&hellip;]
- [UPI Payments in India: An Overview](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/upi-payments-in-india-an-overview-2/): Author: Mr. Haresh W. Naringe &amp; Dr. Praful S. Vairale DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031021 Abstract: UPI has transformed the Indian payments landscape and has chartered a significant shift away from the age-old behavior of using cash. This is revolutionary for a complex, diverse and cash-heavy economy like India where people are used to the security, anonymity and trust of cash.With continued government support, enhanced awareness programs, and technological advancements, UPI has the potential to further deepen financial inclusion. India’s digital payments landscape has seen remarkable growth over the past decade, becoming a global model for digital adoption. Keywords: UPI, Payment, Digital [&hellip;]
- [समाजातीलरूढीआणिमहिलाक्रीडासहभाग : एकसामाजिकविश्ल](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/devdattamahatme/): Author: प्रा. देवदत्त महादेव महात्मे DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031022 Abstract: भारतीयसमाजहाविविधपरंपरा, संस्कृतीआणिसामाजिकरूढींनीसमृद्धअसूनयारूढीसमाजरचनेचाअविभाज्यभागबनल्याआहेत. मात्र, यापरंपराआणिरूढीअनेकवेळामहिलांच्यासामाजिक, शैक्षणिकवक्रीडात्मकप्रगतीच्यामार्गातीलअडथळेठरतात. विशेषतःक्रीडाक्षेत्रामध्येमहिलांचासहभागआजहीमर्यादितस्वरूपातदिसूनयेतो. पुरुषप्रधानसामाजिकव्यवस्था, ठरावीकलैंगिकभूमिका, कुटुंबीयांच्याअपेक्षा, कौटुंबिकजबाबदाऱ्या, सामाजिकप्रतिष्ठेचीभीती, सुरक्षिततेच्यासमस्या, आर्थिकवभौतिकसंसाधनांचाअभावतसेचमाध्यमांमधीलअसमानप्रतिनिधित्वहेघटकमहिलाक्रीडासहभागावरप्रतिकूलपरिणामघडवूनआणतात. यासंशोधनपेपरमध्येसमाजातीलरूढी, परंपरा, मूल्यव्यवस्थाआणिसामाजिकमानसिकतायांचामहिलांच्याक्रीडासह-भागावरहोणाराप्रभावसामाजिकविश्लेषणाच्यामाध्यमातूनअभ्यासण्यातआलाआहे. सदरअभ्यासासाठीसाहित्यसमीक्षा, ग्रामीणवशहरीपार्श्वभूमीवरीलकेसस्टडी, तसेचमहिलाखेळाडू, प्रशिक्षकआणिक्रीडाप्रशासकयांच्याअनुभवांवरआधारित-गुणात्मकमाहितीचाउपयोगकरण्यातआलाआहे. याविश्लेषणातूनअसेस्पष्टहोतेकी, सामाजिकदृष्टिकोनातबदल, कुटुंबाचासकारात्मकपाठिंबा, प्रभावीसरकारीधोरणे, शैक्षणिकसंस्थावक्रीडासंघटनांचीभूमिका, तसेचयशस्वीवप्रेरणा-दायीमहिलाखेळाडूंचीउदाहरणेयांमुळेमहिलाक्रीडासहभागामध्येहळूहळूपणनिश्चितपणेसकारात्मकबदलघडूनयेतआहेत. हाअभ्यासमहिलाक्रीडासहभागहाकेवळलैंगिकसमानतेचाप्रश्ननसूनतोमहिलांच्यासशक्तीकरणाशी, आरोग्याशीआणिराष्ट्रीय-क्रीडाविकासाशीनिगडीतअसल्याचेअधोरेखितकरतो. समाजातीलरूढीवादीदृष्टिकोनातपरिवर्तनघडवूनआणणे, क्रीडासुविधांमध्येसमानसंधीउपलब्धकरूनदेणेआणिमहिलांसाठीसुरक्षितवसमावेशकक्रीडावातावरणनिर्माणकरणेहीकाळाचीगरजअसल्याचेहासंशोधनपेपरठामपणेमांडतो. Keywords: महिलाक्रीडासहभाग, सामाजिकरूढी, लैंगिकसमानता, पितृसत्ताकव्यवस्था, भारतीयसमाज, क्रीडावसंस्कृती, महिलासशक्तीकरण, सामाजिकविश्लेषण, परंपराआणिपरिवर्तन, लैंगिकभूमिका, कुटुंबीयांचाप्रभाव Page No: 121-128
- [उच्चतर माध्यमिक स्तर पर विद्यार्थियो के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य एवं व्यक्तित्व का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/neha-prajapati/): Author: नेहा प्रजापति &amp; डॉ. स्वाति पाण्डेय DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031023 Abstract: किसी भी क्षेत्र के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए आवश्यक वैज्ञानिक, सामाजिक एवं मानवीय क्षमता प्रदान करने वाले विद्यार्थी राष्ट्र की महत्वपूर्ण घरोहर है। अतः विद्यार्थियो का समुचित विकास प्रत्येक राष्ट्र के लिए आवश्यक है । समन्वित व्यवहार तथा प्रभावी अद्यिगम हेतु विद्यार्थियो का समग्र रूप से स्वस्थ्य होना आवश्यक है। जिससे वे राष्ट्र की उन्नति में अपना योगदान दे तथा शक्ति सम्पन्न समर्थ, दक्ष और सार्थक नागरिक सिद्ध हो सके। मानसिक स्वास्थ्य का अभाव विभिन्न समस्याओ का कारण है। संसार के सभी मनुष्य शान्ति पूर्ण जीवन जीने की इच्छा [&hellip;]
- [Integrating Values and Ethics through Constructivist Pedagogy](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/integrating-values-and-ethics-through-constructivist-pedagogy/): Author: Ms. Vidya Vinay Rao DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031024 Abstract: Values and ethics constitute the foundation of holistic education, shaping learners to become responsible, reflective and compassionate individuals. Constructivist pedagogy, which emphasizes meaning-making, active engagement and personal interpretation of experiences, offers a powerful pathway for nurturing ethical understanding in the formative years of teacher education. At SIES Institute of Comprehensive Education (SIES ICE), trainee teachers design learning experiences rooted in children’s real-life contexts, enabling them to construct meaning from situations involving respect, empathy, cooperation and responsibility. Activities and lessons promote dialogue, reflection, collaboration, problem-solving and perspective-taking, while strategies such as experiential [&hellip;]
- [Transforming Teacher Education under NEP 2020: Implications for B.Ed. Students in India](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/transforming-teacher-education-under-nep-2020-implications-for-b-ed-students-in-india/): Author: Mrs. Pooja Ganesh Khadye1 &amp; Dr. Yogita Mandole DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031025 Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 proposes landmark reforms aimed at strengthening teacher education in India. For B.Ed. students, the policy envisions competency-based training, multidisciplinary exposure, extended field engagement, and professional standards aligned with global benchmarks. This research paper examines the transformative framework introduced by NEP 2020 and its implications for pre-service teacher preparation. Using a qualitative analytical method, the study reviews policy guidelines, teacher education models, and emerging challenges. Findings reveal that NEP 2020 significantly redefines teacher training through a four-year integrated B.Ed. programme, enhanced school [&hellip;]
- [Teacher Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachers in Relation with Their Techno-Stress](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/teacher-effectiveness-of-secondary-school-teachers-in-relation-with-their-techno-stress/): Author: Dr. Bhupendra Narayan Basunia DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031026 Abstract: Teaching is considered to be the most sacred and distinctive profession. Teaching has always remained a dynamic activity. It imparts knowledge, information, experience and education. As stated in the report of the International Commission on Education (1996) in any event, no reform can succeed without the cooperation and active participation of teachers. Glass (2011) opined that effective teachers have high expectations for all students and help them to learn and to bring positive academic, attitudinal and social outcomes for the betterment of society. In the 21st century, people equipped with technology [&hellip;]
- [A Comparative Discussion Between the National Education Policy of India 1968, 1986 and2020 on Teacher Education System and Inclusive Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/a-comparative-discussion-between-the-national-education-policy-of-india-1968-1986-and2020-on-teacher-education-system-and-inclusive-education/): Author: Samten Tamang DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031027 Abstract: India’s New Education Policy NEP 2020 is planned keeping in mind the holistic development of students. This new education policy has recommendations on almost all aspects of education, so the teacher education system is also not out of this plan. The plan also makes specific recommendations on inclusive education. In the present discussion various issues related to teacher education and inclusive education system mentioned in NEP 2020 and some recommendations for the same have been discussed. The present paper compares NEP 1968, 1986 and 2020. Along with this comparative discussion, this discussion chapter [&hellip;]
- [A Study of Nurturing Innovation and Entrepreneurial Mindsets among Students](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/a-study-of-nurturing-innovation-and-entrepreneurial-mindsets-among-students/): Author: Dr. Sajal Dey DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031028 Abstract: In today&#8217;s global economy, nurturing innovation and entrepreneurial mindsets in students is crucial for sustainable development and competitiveness. This study explores effective strategies for integrating entrepreneurial education into school curricula, evaluates its impact on students&#8217; creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, and analyzes challenges and proposes solutions for implementation. Through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and case studies, the study identifies experiential learning, interdisciplinary approaches, and industry partnerships as key strategies. Findings reveal significant enhancements in students&#8217; cognitive and practical abilities through entrepreneurial education. However, challenges such as resistance to change, teacher preparedness, [&hellip;]
- [Technology Integration and Digital Pedagogy in Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/technology-integration-and-digital-pedagogy-in-education/): Author: Deepjyoti Barman &amp; Dr. Ranita Chakrabortty DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031029 Abstract: The integration of technology in education has brought significant changes to teaching–learning processes. Digital pedagogy emphasizes the effective use of technological tools to enhance instructional practices and student learning outcomes. In the context of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, technology integration has gained greater importance in ensuring quality, equity, and accessibility in education. The present study aims to examine the level of technology integration and digital pedagogy practices among secondary school teachers. A descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 120 secondary school [&hellip;]
- [Financial Literacy Study of the College Students of Gadchiroli City](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue31/financial-literacy-study-of-the-college-students-of-gadchiroli-city/): Author: Dr. Aniruddha Seema Sunil Gachake DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031030 Abstract: Financial literacy has emerged as one of the most essential life skills in the modern economic environment. With rapid changes in financial markets, digitalization of banking services, availability of multiple financial products, and increasing cost of living, individuals are required to possess basic financial knowledge to make informed decisions. College students, who are at the threshold of independent financial life, must be equipped with adequate financial literacy to manage income, expenses, savings, and future financial goals effectively. The present study focuses on assessing the level of financial literacy among college [&hellip;]
- [Influence of k-alid-asa Writings on the Development of Moral and Value Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/influence-of-k-alid-asa-writings-on-the-development-of-moral-and-value-education/): Author: Ankhi Ghosh &amp; Subhankar Hazra DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032001 Abstract: Mythology is one of the most interesting to read or listen to for readers. Myths provide judgments about what we ought or ought not to do, and they also represent a certain way of viewing society. The dynamic and structure of value in this society, as well as the development of moral education, can be epitomised by its literature today. EM: Why do you think mythology has been such an enthralling subject for readers and listeners throughout the years? Some of the renowned works by Kalidasa include Abhijana Shakuntalam, which [&hellip;]
- [Convergence and Challenges of the Indian Knowledge System Association with the Sustainable Goals](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/convergence-and-challenges-of-the-indian-knowledge-system-association-with-the-sustainable-goals/): Author: Ankita Manna &amp; Suman Atta DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032002 Abstract: This study offers a critical and insightful examination of the convergence between the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a particular emphasis on the educational dimension. Adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as part of the global 2030 Agenda, the SDGs aim to address urgent social, environmental, and economic challenges. This research reveals that the core philosophical foundations of IKS- value-based education, holistic learning, ecological sensitivity, selfdiscipline, and ethical consciousness resonate deeply with the transformative vision of SDG 4: Quality Education. Through a qualitative [&hellip;]
- [Academic Corroboration for the Indian Knowledge System: Challenges with its Ultemior Pathway](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/academic-corroboration-for-the-indian-knowledge-system-challenges-with-its-ultemior-pathway/): Author: Arghamitra Bhunia &amp; Suman Atta DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032003 Abstract: The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) embodies India’s indigenous intellectual heritage across philosophy, sciences, arts, pedagogy, ecology, and socio-cultural practices. In recent years, efforts to integrate IKS into mainstream academia have gained significant momentum, especially under the educational reforms envisioned by the National Education Policy 2020. However, this integration faces multiple academic challenges that hinder its systematic implementation. This study aims to identify and analyse the academic challenges associated with implementing IKS, including epistemological gaps, lack of standardised curriculum frameworks, limited research infrastructure, scarcity of trained faculty, and inadequate institutional support. [&hellip;]
- [Ancient Indian Traditions of Women’s Empowerment and Its Influence on Modern Women’s Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/ancient-indian-traditions-of-womens-empowerment-and-its-influence-on-modern-womens-education/): Author: Arpita Mandal &amp; Dr. Gokul Ch. Patra DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032004 Abstract: Women’s empowerment has emerged as a central discourse in contemporary educational and developmental studies. However, its philosophical and cultural foundations in ancient Indian civilization remain comparatively underexplored in modern scholarship. This study examines the traditions of women’s empowerment in ancient India and analyzes their influence on contemporary women’s education. Using a qualitative historical-documentary research method, the study critically investigates Vedic literature, Upanishadic texts, Smritis, and classical Indian philosophical sources, along with modern policy documents and scholarly interpretations. The findings indicate that women in early Vedic society enjoyed considerable [&hellip;]
- [Impact of Gandhi Educational Philosophy on the Current Education System](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/impact-of-gandhi-educational-philosophy-on-the-current-education-system/): Author: Arpita Panda &amp; Suman Atta DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032005 Abstract: Gandhi’s vision of education, rooted in morality, self-reliance, and harmonious human development, has long served as a guiding framework for meaningful learning. Building on this philosophical foundation. The present study explores how Gandhian educational principles continue to influence and shape the current education system. The research has been conducted through the method of document review followed by qualitative research approach, by analysed books, policy papers, academic writings, and educational reports relevant to Gandhian thought. The findings reveal that Gandhi’s key ideas like- learning through productive work, dignity of labour, character [&hellip;]
- [Indian Knowledge Systems: A Pathway to Holistic Modern Education](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/indian-knowledge-systems-a-pathway-to-holistic-modern-education/): Author: Bandita Sau &amp; Shibsankar Jana DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032006 Abstract: This study explores the integration of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) into contemporary education to create a more holistic, value-oriented, and culturally grounded learning framework. The introduction highlights the rich intellectual traditions of India ranging from mathematics, astronomy, and medicine to philosophy, arts, linguistics, and ecology and emphasizes their relevance in addressing modern educational challenges. The goals of education, as discussed in this research, extend beyond academic achievement to include ethical development, critical thinking, environmental consciousness, and emotional well-being. By aligning these goals with the principles of IKS, the study proposes [&hellip;]
- [Indian Epistemology: Ways of Knowing and Learning in Ancient India](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/indian-epistemology-ways-of-knowing-and-learning-in-ancient-india/): Author: Bithika Maity &amp; Shibsankar Jana DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032007 Abstract: Indian epistemology, rooted in diverse philosophical traditions, offers a rich and multidimensional understanding of knowledge, its sources, and the methods through which it is acquired. This study explores the epistemic foundations of ancient India, focusing on the ways of knowing (pramāṇas) and learning systems that shaped intellectual, spiritual, and cultural development for centuries. Drawing from major philosophical schools—including Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Sāṃkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, and Vedanta—the research examines core epistemic concepts such as perception (Partyka), inference (Anuman), verbal testimony (śabda), comparison (upamāna), postulation (arthāpatti), and non-cognition (anupalabdhi). The study further analyzes [&hellip;]
- [Indian Knowledge Systems in NEP 2020: Policy, Practice and Challenges](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/indian-knowledge-systems-in-nep-2020-policy-practice-and-challenges/): Author: Chandan Mandal DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032008 Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant policy shift in India’s education landscape, emphasizing the revival, integration, and promotion of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS). This study explore the effectiveness of government policies—particularly the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020—in promoting, integrating, and institutionalizing Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) within India’s contemporary education landscape. There are also other objective to examine the effectiveness of government initiatives introduced under NEP 2020 to strengthen IKS across school and higher education. It examines policy provisions, implementation strategies, institutional frameworks, and outcomes related to curriculum development, research promotion, [&hellip;]
- [Role of the Sanskrit Language in the Indian Knowledge System and Its Integration into Modern Education: A Critical Study](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/role-of-the-sanskrit-language-in-the-indian-knowledge-system-and-its-integration-into-modern-education-a-critical-study/): Author: Gopa Kar &amp; Dr. Niranjan Manna DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032009 Abstract: The Sanskrit language, recognized as one of the oldest and most sophisticated classical languages in the world, has played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian Knowledge System (IKS). This study critically examines the contribution of Sanskrit in preserving, transmitting, and systematizing knowledge that emerged from the Indian subcontinent over millennia. Employing a qualitative research design based on documentary analysis, the study explores the historical evolution of Sanskrit as a language of knowledge and its central role in ancient Indian intellectual traditions. The findings indicate that Sanskrit functioned not [&hellip;]
- [Indian Knowledge System (IKS) in the Traditional Curriculum: Towards Holistic Learning](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/indian-knowledge-system-iks-in-the-traditional-curriculum-towards-holistic-learning/): Author: Khadija Khatun &amp; Shibsankar Jana DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032010 Abstract: This study explores the integration of the traditional academic curriculum with the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) to achieve holistic learning. The goal of the study is to determine how integrating indigenous knowledge, cultural values, and practical wisdom with textbook-based instruction enhances students’ overall growth. A review of secondary sources, including research papers, policy documents, and educational reports pertaining to curriculum and IKS, served as the foundation for the qualitative technique used. Indian Knowledge System (IKS) with the traditional academic curriculum. The goal of the study is to determine how integrating [&hellip;]
- [Integrating the Indian Knowledge System into Education through NEP-2020: Challenges and Opportunities](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/integrating-the-indian-knowledge-system-into-education-through-nep-2020-challenges-and-opportunities/): Author: Mou Sangram &amp; Dr. Niranjan Manna DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032011 Abstract: The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant shift in India’s educational framework by emphasizing the integration of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) into formal education. Rooted in India’s rich intellectual traditions, IKS encompasses diverse fields such as philosophy, science, mathematics, medicine, arts, and ethics, offering a holistic approach to learning. This paper aims to study the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating IKS into the contemporary education system under NEP-2020. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach based on secondary sources, including policy documents, academic literature, [&hellip;]
- [Shri Aurobindo Integral Education as a Framework for Integrating the Indian Knowledge System](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/shri-aurobindo-integral-education-as-a-framework-for-integrating-the-indian-knowledge-system/): Author: Nurtaj Banu &amp; Shibsankar Jana DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032012 Abstract: This research explores Shri Aurobindo’s Integral Education as a comprehensive framework for effectively integrating the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) into modern educational practice. The introduction highlights the growing need for an educational model that moves beyond information-based learning toward holistic development. Shri Aurobindo’s philosophy, centerer on the integral evolution of the physical, vital, mental, psychic, and spiritual dimensions, aligns naturally with the core principles of IKS, which emphasize harmony, self-awareness, and experiential knowledge. The goals of education in the Integral framework include cultivating inner potential, fostering balanced personality growth, developing [&hellip;]
- [Indian Knowledge System in Modern Curriculum: Towards Holistic Learning](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/volume4-issue32/indian-knowledge-system-in-modern-curriculum-towards-holistic-learning/): Author: Pallabi Banerjee &amp; Shibsankar Jana DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04032013 Abstract: The modern curriculum often places primary emphasis on intellectual development, resulting in limited focus on cultural grounding, value-based education, and experiential learning. In response to this gap, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 highlights the significance of integrating the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) into contemporary education. The aim of this research is to examine the extent to which IKS can influence the modern curriculum in promoting holistic learning and to explore effective strategies for its implementation, along with the challenges that may arise in the process. This study adopts a [&hellip;]

## Pages

- [Year 2026 - February | Volume -4 | Issue -2](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2026-february-volume-4-issue-2/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2026 &#8211; February| Volume -4 | Issue -2 A Comparative Study of Colonial Bengals Women and Present Days Women Obstacles into Medical Colleges March 10, 2026 Volume4 Issue2 Author: Arpita Mondal DOI Link:https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04020001 Abstract: Health is the key to a developed country. Health awareness is very important for living a beautiful and normal life. Taking health precautions is essential for the development of the country. In colonial India, the British government gave more importance to the issue of health awareness. The importance of health education is also noteworthy in the present times. At [&hellip;]
- [Special Issue Volume -4 | Issue -3 (1)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/special-issue-volume-4-issue-3-1/): Conference Proceedings (January 2026) Download Content List of Year 2026 &#8211; March| Volume -4 | Issue -3 (1) Year 2026 &#8211; March | Volume -4 | Issue -3 (1) Web-Based Library and Information Services: Evolution, Challenges and Development March 16, 2026 Volume4 Issue3(1) Author: Dr. Aditi Joshi DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04031001 Abstract: The World Wide Web, one of the Internet’s primary services, has radically transformed how people interact, study, teach, perform business, find work, receive healthcare, and more. It significantly affects the 21stcentury publishing and information distribution systems. The applications of the internet and web technology have influenced how libraries function [&hellip;]
- [Special Issue Volume -4 | Issue -2 (1)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/special-issue-volume-4-issue-2-1/): Conference Proceedings (February 2026) Download Content List of Year 2026 &#8211; February | Volume -4 | Issue -2 (1) Year 2026 &#8211; February | Volume -4 | Issue -2 (1) Role of Chemistry in the Development of Renewable Energy Technologies March 10, 2026 Volume4 Issue2(1) Author: Dr. Kiran Dayaram Ladwani &amp; Dr. Krishna D. Ladwani DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04021025 Abstract: Right now, people talk a lot about clean energy, yet few dig into how chemistry fits in. Noticing patterns begins with questioning assumptions like whether chemistry matters in green tech at all. Another assumption tested: progress in chemicals doesn’t boost performance [&hellip;]
- [Special Issue Volume -3 | Issue -5 (1)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/special-issue-volume-3-issue-5-1/): Conference Proceedings (May 2025) Download Content List of Year 2025 &#8211; May | Volume -3 | Issue -5 (1) Year 2025 &#8211; May | Volume -3 | Issue -5 (1) The Role of Social Media in Creating Political Awareness and Evolving Political Participation in India: An Empirical Study March 10, 2026 Volume3 Issue5(1) Author: Koushik Roy DOI Link: Abstract: The term ‘Social Media’ is the result of two broader terms used together. The term ‘Social’ refers to anything which relates to society or a community at large. On the other hand, the term ‘Media’ is a popular term suggesting means [&hellip;]
- [Special Issue Volume -3 | Issue -12 (1)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/special-issue-volume-3-issue-12-1/): Conference Proceedings (December 2025) Download Content List of Year 2025 &#8211; December | Volume -3 | Issue -12 (1) Year 2025 &#8211; December| Volume -3 | Issue -12 (1) Cultural Sustainability and the Role of Arts Education in Indian Higher Education: Policy Frameworks, Curriculum Integration, and Implementation Challenges March 10, 2026 Volume3 Issu12(1) Author: Ruchira Ray &amp; Dr. Biswajit Chakraborty DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03121025 Abstract: Cultural sustainability has emerged as a critical dimension of sustainable development, complementing environmental, economic and social perspectives. In culturally diverse societies like India, higher education institutions play a vital role in preserving cultural heritage and shaping [&hellip;]
- [Special Issue Volume -4 | Issue -1 (1)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/special-issue-volume-4-issue-1-1/): Conference Proceedings (January 2026) Download Content List of Year 2026 &#8211; January | Volume -4 | Issue -1 (1) Year 2026 &#8211; January | Volume -4 | Issue -1 (1) Nurturing Ethical Foundations: Exploring the Nexus of Value Education, Ethics and Human Development March 10, 2026 Volume4 Issue1(1) Author: Dr. Megha Gokhe DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04011001 Abstract:This study, titled “Nurturing Ethical Foundations: Exploring the Nexus of Value Education, Ethics, and Human Development,” investigates pre-service teachers’ perceptions of value-based education within the framework of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The policy’s emphasis on holistic development, ethical reasoning, socio-emotional learning, and character [&hellip;]
- [Special Issue Volume -2 | Issue -2 (1)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/special-issue-volume-2-issue-2-1/): Conference Proceedings (March 2024) Download Content List of Year 2024 &#8211; March | Volume -2 | Issue -2 (1) Year 2024 &#8211; March | Volume -2 | Issue -2 (1) WOMEN’S EDUCATION: PRE AND POST INDEPENDENT INDIA April 19, 2024 Special Issue,Volume2 Issue2(1) Author: Susanta Sarkar DOI Link :: Abstract: In India, violence against women is a common evil. It is not only prevalent in rural and remote parts but in cities also, women bear the brunt. They are subjected to physical and mental violence. They are the ones who work most but are not given their due. Women are [&hellip;]
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- [Year 2026 - January | Volume -4 | Issue -1](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2026-january-volume-4-issue-1/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2026 &#8211; January | Volume -4 | Issue -1 Integrating Moral and Ethical Values in Pre-Service Teacher Education Programs February 19, 2026 Volume4 Issue1 Author: Dr. Rimmi Datta &amp; Prof. (Dr.) Jayanta Mete DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/04010001 Abstract: This paper discusses how values education can be incorporated in pre-service teacher education programs in the Indian universities and colleges in the light of high demand of morally competent teachers in Indian diversified and dynamic educational environment. Since the learning environment is getting increasingly complex, it is necessary to develop teachers that do not only have [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - November | Volume -3 | Issue -12](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-november-volume-3-issue-12/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; December | Volume -3 | Issue -12 Education, Culture and Identity: Educational Challenges among Tribal Communities in West Bengal January 14, 2026 Volume3 Issue12 Author: Mamoni Khamrai DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03120001 Abstract: Education plays a critical role in preserving cultural identity while enabling socio-economic development among tribal communities. In West Bengal, tribal populations possess rich cultural traditions, languages, and knowledge systems, yet they face multiple educational challenges such as language barriers, poverty, geographical isolation, and cultural marginalization. This paper examines the relationship between education, culture, and identity among tribal communities in West [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - Npvember | Volume -3 | Issue -11](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-npvember-volume-3-issue-11/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; November | Volume -3 | Issue -11 Golden Cultures at Elementary Level of Education for Making the Self -reliant Citizenship December 9, 2025 Volume3 Issue11 Author: Shrabanti Garain DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03110001 Abstract: Elementary education is a foundation of education system. This foundation is built through providing proper education to children from initial stage. Also, golden cultures are necessary for making a good, responsible and self-reliant citizenship. Therefore, those golden cultures are nurtured and practiced among children at elementary level of education for developing the self -reliant citizenship. In this case, content [&hellip;]
- [Institutional Subscriptions List](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/institutional-subscriptions-list/): Institutional Subscriptions List Kharagpur Vision Academy Sadatpur (Opp. of TATA Bearing) P.O- Rakhajungle , Kharagpur, Dist.- Paschim Medinipur &#8211; 721301 (W.B.) +91 9083224786 kvacollege@gmail.com Vidyasagar College of Education Rupandighi, Phansidewa, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. +91 7384857305 / 9932355155 vidyasagarcollegeofedn@rediffmail.com
- [Year 2025 - October | Volume -3 | Issue -10](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-october-volume-3-issue-10/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; October | Volume -3 | Issue -10 Quality Enhancement in Practice Teaching: Effective Strategies and Best Practices from B.Ed. Colleges in Assam November 17, 2025 Volume3 Issue10 Author: Abu Mahomed Shumsuz Zaman &amp; Dr. Siba Ranjan Mahanta DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03100001 Abstract: Practice teaching and internship programmes form the basis of teacher preparation in India. However, variations in supervision, mentoring, and collaboration often lead to uneven quality across B.Ed. institutions. This article synthesizes contemporary research and policy literature to explore effective strategies and best practices adopted by B.Ed. colleges in Assam and [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - September | Volume -3 | Issue -9](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-september-volume-3-issue-9/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; September | Volume -3 | Issue -9 A Study of Population Sex Ratio and Violence against Women in working place in Kakarvitta of Nepal October 12, 2025 Volume3 Issue9 Author: Kamana Rai, Sweta Telaija &amp; Pranoy Subba DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03090001 Abstract: This study is population sex ratio and the prevalence of violence against women in the workplace in Kakarvitta, Nepal. As a prominent border town and commercial hub, Kakarvitta presents a unique demographic and socio-cultural setting influenced by cross-border trade, migration, and diverse occupational patterns. The survey employed both quantitative and [&hellip;]
- [Author Subscriptions List](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/author-subscriptions-list/): Author Subscriptions List 1. Arijit Bera Research Scholar, Department of Education, YBN University, Ranchi arijitbera081989@gmail.com 3. Bidhan Pakhira Assistant Professor, Physical Education, Joypur College of Education bidhanpakhira@gmail.com 5. Surajit Ghorai Lecturer in D.El.Ed College, Kharagpur Vision Academy surajitghoraikgp@gmail.com 7. Biswajit Bakly Assistance Professor, Midnapore Institute of Education, Paschim Medinipur &#8230;. 9. Indrojit Saha PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Jadavpur University, West Bengal indra.bed.2004@gmail.com 11. Anisha Nandy Rajyadharpur Netaji Girls’ High school (HS), Mallickpara, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India email:anishanandy@gmail.com 13.Dr. Krittibas Datta Faculty Member (SACT-1), Department of Political Science, Jalangi Mahavidyalaya, Jalangi, Murshidabad, West Bengal dattakrittibas@gmail.com 15. Mr. Debabrata Baishnab [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - August | Volume -3 | Issue -8](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-august-volume-3-issue-8/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; August | Volume -3 | Issue -8 Towards A Holistic Model of Professional Development: Integration of Technical, Emotional, and Ethical Skills September 17, 2025 Volume3 Issue8 Author: Arijit Bera &amp; Dr. Chaman Singh DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03080001 Abstract: Professional development has traditionally been equated with the acquisition of technical competencies that enable individuals to fulfill the demands of their professions. However, the rapid transformation of global economies, the digital revolution, and the growing awareness of ethical challenges in professional spaces underscore the inadequacy of skill development strategies focused solely on technical expertise. [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - July | Volume -3 | Issue -7](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-july-volume-3-issue-7/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; July | Volume -3 | Issue -7 An Analytical Study on Decolonizing Education through Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) August 10, 2025 Volume3 Issue7 Author: Dr. Jayanta Nuniya DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03070001 Abstract: The education system in postcolonial India has, to a large extent, remained tethered to colonial ideologies that prioritized Western epistemologies while marginalizing indigenous traditions. Despite India’s rich philosophical, scientific, and linguistic legacy, colonial structures have shaped what is taught, how it is taught, and the language in which it is delivered. This seminar paper aims to investigate how Indian Knowledge [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - June | Volume -3 | Issue -6](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-june-volume-3-issue-6/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; June | Volume -3 | Issue -6 Empowering Tribal Women Through Education: Evaluating Government Policies And Grassroots Interventions July 7, 2025 Volume3 Issue6 Author: Asim Mahata DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03060001 Abstract: Education plays a pivotal role in transforming societies and empowering marginalized communities, particularly tribal women, who often face layers of exclusion due to gender, geography, and ethnicity. In India, tribal women experience some of the lowest literacy rates, hindered by socio-cultural norms, poverty, and inadequate infrastructure. While various government policies and grassroots interventions have aimed to improve access and outcomes, challenges [&hellip;]
- [SUBSCRIPTION](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/subscription/): SUBSCRIPTION A journal subscription provides access to a collection of scholarly articles, research papers, and other content published by a specific journal. These subscriptions are typically purchased by individuals, institutions, or libraries to stay updated on the latest advancements in their field and support professional development. Types of Journal Subscriptions: Author Subscriptions These are purchased by individuals for personal use, often at a lower rate than institutional subscriptions.   Author Subscriptions List Institutional Subscriptions These are purchased by organizations like universities, libraries, and research institutions to provide access to their members or students. Institutional Subscriptions List Print and Digital Subscriptions [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - May | Volume -3 | Issue -5](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-may-volume-3-issue-5/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; MAy | Volume -3 | Issue -5 Bridging the Gap: The Role of Education in Addressing Social Inequalities Among Tribal Communities in West Bengal June 6, 2025 Volume3 Issue5 Author: Indrojit Saha &amp; Dr. Samir Chattopadhyay DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03050001 Abstract: Education plays a crucial role in shaping societies and fostering sustainable development. However, tribal communities in West Bengal continue to face deep-rooted social inequalities that hinder their access to quality education. This paper explores the role of education in addressing these disparities, highlighting the challenges faced by tribal populations, including economic [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - April | Volume -3 | Issue -4](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-april-volume-3-issue-4/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; April | Volume -3 | Issue -4 A Systemic Comparison of Secondary-Level Science Olympiad Programsin India, Singapore, and the USA May 9, 2025 Volume3 Issue4 Author: Anisha Nandy &amp; Surapati Pramanik DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03040001 Abstract: The study is about the performances of India, Singapore, and the USA in Science Olympiads. Here the Science Olympiads are delimited to the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) and International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO). The preparation of three countries from class 6 to class 12 for IPhO and IChO is depicted here. The study shows the comparison of [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - March | Volume -3 | Issue -3](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-march-volume-3-issue-3/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; March | Volume -3 | Issue -3 E-COMPETENCIES AND TECHNO-PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES OF THE UNDER GRADUATE LEVEL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS April 4, 2025 Volume3 Issue3 Author: Dr. V. JELSIA JABAMANI &amp; Dr. N. REKHA DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03030001 Abstract: This study investigates the e-competencies and techno-pedagogical practices of undergraduate level English language teachers in Tiruchirappalli District. With the increasing integration of technology in education, understanding the proficiency and utilization of electronic resources among teachers is paramount. Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys and interviews, data were collected to assess teachers&#8217; e-competencies and their [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - February | Volume -3 | Issue -2](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-february-volume-3-issue-2/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; February | Volume -3 | Issue -2 ICT in Libraries: Ensuring Continuity of Academic Services During the Pandemic March 3, 2025 Volume3 Issue2 Author: Sanjay Kumar Suman DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03020002 Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional academic services, compelling libraries to adopt Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to ensure the continuity of learning and research. This study explores the impact of ICT adoption in academic libraries during the pandemic, identifies key digital tools that facilitated remote learning and research, and examines the evolving role of library professionals in managing ICT-driven [&hellip;]
- [Year 2025 - January | Volume -3 | Issue -1](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2025-january-volume-3-issue-1/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; January | Volume -3 | Issue -1 Language and Identity: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Chakma Community in North February 11, 2025 Volume3 Issue1 Author: Ms Papiya Chakma DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/03010001 Abstract: The research paper aims to analyze the Sociolinguistic Identity of the Chakma Community in North Tripura. The Chakma language belongs to the Indo-Aryan Language family of India. Languages epitomize identities and are used to indicate identities by those who speak the language. Like other ethnic groups Chakmas have their distinct languages or dialects, which serve as a marker of [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - December | Volume -2 | Issue -11](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-december-volume-2-issue-11/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; December | Volume -2 | Issue -11 Climate Change and its Impact on Agricultural productivity in India January 7, 2025 Volume2 Issue11 Author: Dr. Shrabanti Mondal DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020110009 Abstract: Agriculture is crucial for ensuring food, nutrition and livelihood securities for India and it engages almost two-third of the workforce in gainful employment. On account of its close linkages with other economic sectors, agricultural growth has a multiplier effect on the entire economy of the country. Although in the past years, Indian agriculture had made a significant progress, but currently it [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - November | Volume -2 | Issue -10](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-november-volume-2-issue-10/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; November | Volume -2 | Issue -10 নারায়ণ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়ের ছোটগল্পের আলোকে মানবিক সংকট সন্ধান December 3, 2024 Volume2 Issue10 Author: স্বাগতা বিশ্বাস DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/020100009 সার সংক্ষেপ: নারায়ণ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় (১৯১৮-১৯৭০), প্রাবন্ধিক, ঔপন্যাসিক ছাড়াও ছোটগল্পকার হিসেবে অত্যন্ত জনপ্রিয়তা লাভ করেছিলেন। তারকনাথ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় পিতৃদত্ত প্রকৃত নাম হলেও তাঁর ছদ্মনাম নারায়ণ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় হিসেবেই বাংলা ছোটগল্প সাহিত্যে তিনি সুবিদিত। কঠিন বাস্তবের নিখুঁত বর্ণনা আমাদের রোমকূপে শিহরন তোলে। নারায়ণ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়ের ছোটগল্পে সেই সময়ের ঘটনার কাঁচ ঝকঝকে শব্দায়ন একজন জাত-কথাসাহিত্যিককেই আমাদের সামনে নিয়ে আসে। &nbsp;নারায়ণ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় সেই সময়ের সামাজিক চালচিত্র অক্ষরসংলাপে সময়কে গল্পের পিঞ্জরে বন্দি করেছেন। অসুস্থ [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - October | Volume -2 | Issue -9](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-october-volume-2-issue-9/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; October | Volume -2 | Issue -9 Decolonizing Feminism: Navigating Gender Dynamics in the Post-Colonial Era November 10, 2024 Volume2 Issue9 Author: Mriganka Das&nbsp; &amp; Dr. Shantanu Siuli DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02090002 Abstract: The present study has been undertaken to discuss the Characteristics of Postcolonial Feminism. It also highlights the Colonization and Subjugation of Women. The term post-colonialism earlier referred exclusively to the writings (discourses) and practices produced by the history of colonization with its new symbolism. It is now more of an abstraction figuratively applied to any strategic redefinition of marginality. [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - September | Volume -2 | Issue -8](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-september-volume-2-issue-8/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; September | Volume -2 | Issue -8 An Assessment of the Educational Problem in Relation to Academic Performance of the Tribal Adolescent Girls Students October 6, 2024 Volume2 Issue8 Author: Harekrishna Mahata &amp; Prof.(Dr) Neerje Dhankar DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02080001 Abstract: The current study has been carried out with to study the Educational problems and academic performance of the tribal adolescent girls and to know about the relationship between the Educational problems and academic performance of the tribal adolescent girls. The researcher has applied the Normative Survey method. The sample for the [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - August | Volume -2 | Issue -7](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-august-volume-2-issue-7/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; August | Volume -2 | Issue -7 DISTINCTIVE MUSLIM ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF THE DELHI SULTANATE PERIOD : A FUSION OF IDEAS OF PERSIAN AND INDIAN ARTISTS September 4, 2024 Volume2 Issue7 Author: Saroj Mahata DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02070001 Abstract: By Touching the form- Juice – Beauty of the objects created by nature with heart feeling , expressing it in an aesthetic form is generally called “ Art&#8221;. As art makes people lives Sophisticated, it also directs them to a sense of unearthly Joy. Art takes the form of past, present and future [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - July | Volume -2 | Issue -6](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-july-volume-2-issue-6/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; July | Volume -2 | Issue -6 Pancha Mahabhuta: Understanding the Harmony of Elements within Ourselves and the Universe August 7, 2024 Volume2 Issue6 Author: Prof. (Dr.) B. C. Swain DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02060001 Abstract: This paper explores the ancient wisdom of Pancha Mahabhuta, a philosophical framework that describes the harmony of elements within ourselves and the universe. The Panchan Mahabhuta &#8211; earth, water, fire, air, and ether &#8211; are the fundamental building blocks of the natural world, and understanding their interconnectedness is crucial for achieving balance and harmony in human existence. [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - June | Volume -2 | Issue -5](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-may-volume-2-issue-5/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; June | Volume -2 | Issue -5 Post-Independence Challenges and Progress of Rural Marginalized Communities in West Bengal July 2, 2024 Volume2 Issue5 Author: Biswajit Pal DOI Link : https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02050001 Abstract : This article examines the socio-economic conditions and developmental progress of rural marginalized communities in West Bengal since India’s independence. It explores the historical context and the policies implemented to uplift these communities, highlighting both the achievements and ongoing challenges. The study focuses on key areas such as education, healthcare, land reforms, and employment opportunities. Despite various government initiatives and [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024 - May | Volume -2 | Issue -4](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-may-volume-2-issue-4/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024 &#8211; May | Volume -2 | Issue -4 Role of Royal Women in the politics During Sultanate Period : An overview June 7, 2024 Volume2 Issue4 Author: Abdul Rashid DOI Link ::   https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02040001 Abstract : There was hardly an all-out ban on women in politics. From &#8220;behind the veil,&#8221; talented women strove to influence governmental decisions. Mediaeval India was distinct from preceding epochs in Indian history. The political structure of India was drastically altered when Islam was introduced there. It&#8217;s hard to pinpoint exactly how Islam influenced women&#8217;s political engagement in India, [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024-April | Volume -2 | Issue -3](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-april-volume-2-issue-3/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024-April | Volume -2 | Issue -3 पलामू जिले में सूखे का आकलन और सूखे का प्रभाव May 8, 2024 Volume2 Issue3 Author: सुधांशु शेखर जमैयार DOI Link :: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02030001 सारांश: वर्तमान शोध कार्य झारखंड राज्य के पलामू जिले के सूखा प्रभावित क्षेत्र से संबंधित है। पलामू पिछले चार दशकों से सूखा प्रवण जिला रहा है और जिले में अक्सर विभिन्न तीव्रता का सूखा पड़ा है। जिला सूखा प्रवण क्षेत्र विकास कार्यक्रम योजना के लिए, जिले में मौजूदा स्थितियों के विचार को आधार के रूप में आवश्यक है। इसके अलावा, क्षेत्र/जिले में उपलब्ध [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024-January | Volume -1 | Issue -2](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-january-volume-1-issue-2/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024-January | Volume -1 | Issue -2 Impact of E-learning &amp; Face to Face learning strategies for Teacher trainees in relation to some personal variables May 23, 2024 Volume1 Issue2 Author: Dr. Savita Mishra DOI Link ::  https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/01020001 Abstract: In the current scenario when globally there is digital advancement, teacher trainees are required to upgrade themselves with the use of technology, preparing e- modules, e-lessons and their evaluations, and the students’ needs to have computer literacy and required supporting infrastructure to access the e-learning and administrators needs to make sure that adequate online [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024-March | Volume -2 | Issue -2](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-march-volume-2-issue-2/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024-March | Volume -2 | Issue -2 Role of Self Financed College to Maintain Modern Trend and Quality Education in B.Ed Colleges April 6, 2024 Volume2 Issue2 Author: Aparna Mandal Seth DOI Link :: https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02060001 Abstract:The thirst for quality in teacher education has been a developmental agenda of all developed and developing countries of the world as teacher education plays vital role in reforming and strengthening the education system of any country. Since government has failed to respond quickly to the demand of changing society and aspirations of individuals and learners, there has [&hellip;]
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- [CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (Current Issue)](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/conference-proceeding/): Conference Proceedings (Current Issue) BIJMRD Proceedings Journals BIJMRD publishes a series of open access conference journals in all research fields. These journals provide a high quality service and are dedicated to making the output of conferences widely available. If you are organizing an academic conference and are interested in our services, please &#8220;Submit a Proposal Benefits for Your Conference: Open Access: Unlimited and free access for readers. A dedicated webpage for your conference: Containing all conference papers and a description of the conference, along with links to the conference homepage.Flexibility: All kinds of outputs from the conferences can be included [&hellip;]
- [Year 2024-February | Volume -2 | Issue -1](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2024-february-volume-2-issue-1/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2024-February | Volume -2 | Issue -1 Scrolling to Success: Exploring Teachers&#8217; Views on Social Media&#8217;s Influence on EnglishLanguage Learners March 4, 2024 Year 2024-February | Volume -2 | Issue -1 Author: Dr. Suman Devi DOI Link : https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/02010001 Abstract: This qualitative study aims at exploring the impact of social media on English language learners’ linguistic competence, motivation, and anxiety. There are ten numbers of people, chosen for this study which includes University level professors and teachers. Responses are collected from the information gathered from the different participants by the use of written [&hellip;]
- [Year 2023-December | Volume -1 | Issue -1](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/year-2023-december-volume-1-issue-1/): Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2023-December | Volume -1 | Issue -1 মানিক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ের ‘কে বাঁচায়, কে বাঁচে!’ : মন্বন্তরের উপাখ্যান ও মৃত্যুঞ্জয়ের মানসিক বিবর্তন December 11, 2023 Archives,Year 2023-December | Volume -1 | Issue -1 Author: মানস কান্তি প্রামানিক DOI Link ::https://doi.org/10.70798/Bijmrd/01010001 Abstract: মানিক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় রচিত ‘কে বাঁচায়, কে বাঁচে!’ গল্পটি তাঁর লেখক-জীবন ও মানসিকতার এক সন্ধিলগ্নের ফসল। গল্পটি দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ সমকালে এমন এক সংকটলগ্নে ও তার রুদ্ধশ্বাস পরিবেশের পটভূমিকায় রচিত যা কল্লোলের কালে ও অব্যবহিত পরবর্তী সময়ের অথচ প্রাক-যুদ্ধপর্বের লেখকদের মনোভঙ্গির বিকাশে একটি বিশিষ্ট স্তর চিহ্নিত করতে সক্ষম। গল্পটি ১৯৪৩ সালের ভয়াবহ মন্বন্তরের পটভূমিকায় রচিত। বাংলার [&hellip;]
- [ARCHIVES](https://bijmrd.com/index.php/archives-new/): Archives Year 2026 | Volume -4 Year 2026 &#8211; February| Volume -4 | Issue -2 Year 2026 &#8211; January | Volume -4 | Issue -1 Year 2025 | Volume -3 Year 2025 &#8211; December | Volume -3 | Issue -12 Year 2025 &#8211; November | Volume -3 | Issue -11 Year 2025 &#8211; October | Volume -3 | Issue -10 Year 2025 &#8211; September | Volume -3 | Issue -9 Year 2025 &#8211; August | Volume -3 | Issue -8 Year 2025 &#8211; July | Volume -3 | Issue -7 Year 2025 &#8211; June | Volume -3 | Issue -6 [&hellip;]
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