{"id":13222,"date":"2026-10-11T19:26:27","date_gmt":"2026-10-11T13:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/?p=13222"},"modified":"2026-10-11T19:26:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T13:56:27","slug":"strategic-autonomy-and-the-emerging-multipolar-order-explaining-the-saudi-arabia-pakistan-turkey-trilateral-defense-framework","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue9\/strategic-autonomy-and-the-emerging-multipolar-order-explaining-the-saudi-arabia-pakistan-turkey-trilateral-defense-framework\/","title":{"rendered":"Strategic Autonomy and the Emerging Multipolar Order: Explaining the Saudi Arabia Pakistan\u2013Turkey Trilateral Defense Framework"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Author: Ambrues Monboe Nebo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOI Link:<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04090001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong> The contemporary international security environment is shaped by multipolarity, strategic uncertainty, and flexible security partnerships among regional and middle powers. This study examines the strategic and geopolitical factors underlying the Saudi Arabia\u2013Pakistan\u2013T\u00fcrkiye trilateral defense framework and assesses its significance as an emerging form of minilateral security cooperation. Guided by Strategic Autonomy, Multipolarity, and Minilateralism, the study employs a qualitative case-study approach based on policy documents, official statements, reports, and scholarly literature. Findings indicate that the framework is driven not by identical threat perceptions or complete strategic alignment, but by converging interests in deterrence, security diversification, defense cooperation, and strategic flexibility. The study argues that the framework represents collective strategic autonomy through minilateral cooperation, enabling the three states to diversify security relationships while maintaining existing alliances. It concludes that the arrangement demonstrates the growing capacity of regional and middle powers to enhance strategic agency and shape an increasingly multipolar security architecture. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords:<\/strong> Strategic Autonomy; Multipolarity; Minilateralism; Collective Defense; Security Cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Page No: 1-20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Author: Ambrues Monboe Nebo DOI Link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04090001 Abstract: The contemporary international security environment is shaped by multipolarity, strategic uncertainty, and flexible security partnerships among regional and middle powers. This study examines the strategic and geopolitical factors underlying the Saudi Arabia\u2013Pakistan\u2013T\u00fcrkiye trilateral defense framework and assesses its significance as an emerging form of minilateral security cooperation. …<\/p>\n

Strategic Autonomy and the Emerging Multipolar Order: Explaining the Saudi Arabia Pakistan\u2013Turkey Trilateral Defense Framework<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_joinchat":[]},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":false,"author_link":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/author\/asraful-alibiswas\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Volume4 Issue9<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Author: Ambrues Monboe Nebo DOI Link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04090001 Abstract: The contemporary international security environment is shaped by multipolarity, strategic uncertainty, and flexible security partnerships among regional and middle powers. This study examines the strategic and geopolitical factors underlying the Saudi Arabia\u2013Pakistan\u2013T\u00fcrkiye trilateral defense framework and assesses its significance as an emerging form of minilateral security cooperation.…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13222"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13222"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13223,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13222\/revisions\/13223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}