{"id":9307,"date":"2026-02-18T22:26:03","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T16:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/?page_id=9307"},"modified":"2026-04-10T19:07:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T13:37:10","slug":"year-2025-november-volume-3-issue-12","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/year-2025-november-volume-3-issue-12\/","title":{"rendered":"Year 2025 &#8211; November | Volume -3 | Issue -12"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9307\" class=\"elementor elementor-9307\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e95ff0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3e95ff0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d93c98d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d93c98d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35c3e9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"35c3e9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 01-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"914\" src=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Volume-3-Issue-12.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9022\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f840a02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f840a02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f09fd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6f09fd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"914\" src=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Editor-Pic-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6234\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3a6a8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3a6a8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b157583 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b157583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Volume-3-Issue-12.png\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Front Page<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-248936a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"248936a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cb0ba3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8cb0ba3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Content-December-25-0312.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Content List<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ddbbe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b2ddbbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19f3d0a title_hover_border_enable meta-visibility-show section-title-style-style1 title_position_default title-default img_hover_animation_default meta_position_default tpg-category-position-default grid-hover-overlay-type-always tpg-el-box-border-enable tpg-border-bottom-disable elementor-widget elementor-widget-tpg-grid-layout\" data-id=\"19f3d0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tpg-grid-layout.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"rt-container-fluid rt-tpg-container tpg-el-main-wrapper clearfix grid-layout1-main \"\r\n             id=\"rt-tpg-container-581166947\"\r\n             data-layout=\"grid-layout1\"\r\n             data-grid-style=\"tpg-full-height\"\r\n             data-sc-id=\"elementor\"\r\n             data-el-settings=''\r\n             data-el-query=''\r\n             data-el-path=''\r\n        >\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class='tpg-header-wrapper '>\r\n        <div class=\"tpg-widget-heading-wrapper rt-clear heading-style1 \">\r\n            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-left\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class='tpg-widget-heading'>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t                    <span>\r\n                        Year 2025 - December | Volume -3 | Issue -12                    <\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-right\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n            <div data-title=\"Loading ...\" class=\"rt-row rt-content-loader grid-layout1 grid-behaviour tpg-full-height grid_layout_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9087 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9087\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9087\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/socio-economic-and-occupational-conditions-of-the-scavenging-communitya-quantitative-analysis\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9087\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/socio-economic-and-occupational-conditions-of-the-scavenging-communitya-quantitative-analysis\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Education, Culture and Identity: Educational Challenges among Tribal Communities in West Bengal<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Mamoni Khamrai<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Education plays a critical role in preserving cultural identity while enabling socio-economic development among tribal communities. In West Bengal, tribal populations possess rich cultural traditions, languages, and knowledge systems, yet they face multiple educational challenges such as language barriers, poverty, geographical isolation, and cultural marginalization. This paper examines the relationship between education, culture, and identity among tribal communities in West Bengal. Using qualitative analysis of secondary data and scholarly literature, the study explores how educational institutions interact with indigenous cultural values and identities. The findings highlight the need for culturally responsive education, mother-tongue instruction, and inclusive policies to ensure equitable educational access and sustainable cultural preservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Tribal Education, Cultural Identity, Indigenous Knowledge, Inclusive Education, West Bengal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 1-6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/1-6-3.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9084 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9084\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9084\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/a-study-on-attitude-towards-family-planning-and-birth-control-among-married-women-in-perambalur-district-tamilnadu\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9084\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/a-study-on-attitude-towards-family-planning-and-birth-control-among-married-women-in-perambalur-district-tamilnadu\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u0994\u09b7\u09a7 \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Amartya Panja &amp; Dr. Chandra Sekhar Halder<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> \u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u0994\u09b7\u09a7 \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09a4\u09ae \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be-\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0964 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09b7\u099c \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09bf\u09a6, \u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0-\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a8, \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09ac\u09cd\u09a7 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be-\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0987 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u099c \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af, \u09ac\u09c8\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u09ac \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0986\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u099c \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0993 \u09ad\u09c7\u09b7\u099c \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997-\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be, \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09b8\u09c0, \u09b9\u09b2\u09c1\u09a6, \u0986\u09a6\u09be \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09ad\u09c7\u09b7\u099c \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0-\u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u0994\u09b7\u09a7 \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09af\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u099c \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u0997 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8, \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u099c \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be-\u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09a7\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> \u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u0994\u09b7\u09a7, \u09b2\u09cb\u0995-\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af, \u09ad\u09c7\u09b7\u099c \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be, \u09ae\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af, \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u099c \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8, \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09c0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 7-18<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7-18.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9081 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9081\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9081\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/nickel-toxicity-in-freshwater-fish-biochemical-and-histopathological-insights-with-special-reference-to-channa-punctatus\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9081\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/nickel-toxicity-in-freshwater-fish-biochemical-and-histopathological-insights-with-special-reference-to-channa-punctatus\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Nickel Toxicity in Freshwater Fish: Biochemical and Histopathological Insights with Special Reference to Channa punctatus<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Pralay Mahapatra<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120003\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120003<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Heavy metal contamination of freshwater ecosystems has emerged as a major environmental concern due to its persistence, bioaccumulative nature, and adverse biological effects. Among these metals, nickel (Ni) occupies a unique position as an essential trace element at low concentrations but becomes highly toxic when present beyond permissible limits. Industrial effluents, mining activities, agricultural runoff, and fossil fuel combustion are primary contributors to nickel enrichment in aquatic environments. Fish, owing to their ecological relevance and sensitivity to pollutants, serve as reliable bioindicators of metal-induced toxicity. Channa punctatus, a widely distributed freshwater teleost in the Indian subcontinent, has been extensively employed in ecotoxicological investigations due to its adaptability and well-characterized physiology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This mini review synthesizes current knowledge on the toxic effects of nickel in freshwater fish, with particular emphasis on biochemical alterations and histopathological damage reported in Channa punctatus. The review highlights the influence of physicochemical water parameters on nickel bioavailability, summarizes reported LC\u2085\u2080 values, and discusses oxidative stress\u2013mediated biochemical disruptions in liver tissues alongside structural damage in gills. By integrating biochemical and histopathological biomarkers, this review underscores their utility in early detection of sub-lethal nickel toxicity and environmental monitoring. The paper also identifies key research gaps and future directions for developing biomarker-based frameworks for freshwater ecosystem risk assessment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Nickel Toxicity, Freshwater Fish, Channa punctatus, Oxidative Stress, Histopathology, Aquatic Ecotoxicology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 19-32<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/19-32.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9078 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9078\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9078\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/analysis-of-kanyashree-prakalpa-in-west-bengal-a-journey-toward-womens-empowerment\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9078\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/analysis-of-kanyashree-prakalpa-in-west-bengal-a-journey-toward-womens-empowerment\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Analysis of Kanyashree Prakalpa in West Bengal: A Journey Toward Women\u2019s Empowerment<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Moumita Saha Roy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120004<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The issue of \u2018Women\u2019s Empowerment\u2019 has gained a lot of focus and limelight in recent times. Genderization is a deep-rooted social phenomenon, while the huge disparity in male-female ratio, the severe gender gap in their literacy rates, early marriage of girl children, low female participation rates in politics, etc., are some of the indicators of highly unequal gender relations prevalent in our society. The West Bengal government introduced one such Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program in 2013 under the name \u201cKanyashree Prakalpa\u201d (KP). This Prakalpa is the brainchild of the Hon\u2019ble Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee. This scheme was implemented to empower adolescent girls, especially those from socioeconomically disadvantaged families, by decreasing the child marriage rate, incentivizing them to continue their education, to make them independent, and skillful to improve the status and well-being of girls. This scheme also increases the social strength and self-esteem of girls. The present study tries to find out the impact of KP on the perception of women empowerment among the beneficiaries in West Bengal. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the distribution pattern of grants and the effectiveness of this policy. The paper also tries to highlight some social issues of this policy. The study reveals that this policy has been successful in reducing child marriage as the percentage of dropout\u2019s falls and the number of girl\u2019s children having formal education increases in the state throughout the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Child Marriage, Education, Kanyashree Prakalpa, Self-Employment, Social Awareness, Women Empowerment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 33-49<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/33-49.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9075 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9075\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9075\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/yoga-and-physical-education-bridging-ancient-wisdom-with-modern-fitness\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9075\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/yoga-and-physical-education-bridging-ancient-wisdom-with-modern-fitness\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Yoga and Physical Education: Bridging Ancient Wisdom with Modern Fitness<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Tapas Pramanik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120005\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120005<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Yoga, an ancient system of holistic well-being originating in India, has gained global recognition as an effective approach to physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical education, on the other hand, represents a modern, scientifically grounded discipline aimed at promoting physical fitness, motor development, and healthy lifestyles. In contemporary educational and health paradigms, the integration of yoga into physical education has emerged as a significant interdisciplinary approach that bridges ancient wisdom with modern fitness practices. This paper examines the philosophical foundations of yoga, its relevance to physical education, and its contributions to physical fitness, mental health, emotional regulation, and holistic development. Drawing upon classical yogic texts, modern research findings, and educational policies such as India\u2019s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the study highlights the role of yoga-based physical education in fostering balanced development, lifelong fitness, and value-oriented education. The paper argues that yoga, when systematically integrated into physical education curricula, can address contemporary health challenges and promote sustainable well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Yoga, Physical Education, Holistic Health, Fitness, Mental Well-Being, NEP 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 50-55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/50-55.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9072 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9072\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9072\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/fostering-future-ready-skills-the-role-of-digital-literacy-and-critical-thinking-training-in-enhancing-resilience-among-vulnerable-urban-adolescents-in-government-run-schools\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9072\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/fostering-future-ready-skills-the-role-of-digital-literacy-and-critical-thinking-training-in-enhancing-resilience-among-vulnerable-urban-adolescents-in-government-run-schools\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Fostering \u2018Future-Ready\u2019 Skills: The Role of Digital Literacy and Critical Thinking Training in Enhancing Resilience Among Vulnerable Urban Adolescents in Government-Run Schools<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Krishnarup Chaudhuri, Shaswati Chakraborty Ghose &amp; Swatilekha Pal Joarder<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120006\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120006<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study analysed the interaction between digital literacy, critical thinking, resilience and depressive symptoms with 50 secondary school students. Descriptive analyses showed moderate levels of resilience and critical thinking, although as alarming a percentage reported high levels of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 mean = 13.92). Regression analysis showed that critical thinking was the only significant positive predictor of resilience (\u03b2=1.122, p=0.001), but digital literacy and demographic variables were unrelated to resilience. However, reliability analyses resulted in unacceptably low values of Cronbach\u2019s alpha across all scales (\u03b1 \u2264 0.15), with negative coefficients for PHQ-9 and critical thinking indicative of poor item coherence or problems with scoring. Normality tests confirmed that only the resilience was normally distributed; other variables had to be tackled using non-parametric approaches. Owing to the limited number of students studied, the fact it was a single school study, and the limitations of certain measurements was not possible to use advanced modelling (such as structural equation modelling, multilevel analysis, etc.). These findings underscore the importance for ensuring the validity of an instrument in adolescent samples, and the possibility for over-interpreting of an association in the absence of good psychometric properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Digital Literacy, Critical Thinking, Resilience, Adolescent Mental Health, PHQ-9, Psychometric Validity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 56-73<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/56-73.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9069 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9069\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9069\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/reimagining-teacher-education-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-conceptual-shifts-and-emerging-paradigms\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9069\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/reimagining-teacher-education-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence-conceptual-shifts-and-emerging-paradigms\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Reimagining Teacher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Conceptual Shifts and Emerging Paradigms<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Sankar Prasad Maiti &amp; Soma Jana (Maiti)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120007\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120007<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technologies has significantly transformed the landscape of education, compelling a fundamental rethinking of teacher education. Traditional models of teacher preparation\u2014largely centered on content delivery, classroom management, and standardized assessment\u2014are increasingly inadequate in addressing the demands of AI-mediated learning environments. This research article critically examines the conceptual shifts and emerging paradigms in teacher education necessitated by the integration of AI. Drawing upon interdisciplinary perspectives from educational philosophy, technology studies, and teacher professional development, the paper explores how AI reshapes pedagogical roles, knowledge construction, assessment practices, and ethical responsibilities. It argues that teacher education must move beyond technical skill acquisition towards developing AI literacy, critical digital pedagogy, ethical awareness, and humanistic values. The article also situates these transformations within contemporary policy frameworks such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. Ultimately, the paper envisions a future-oriented, inclusive, and reflective teacher education framework that harmonizes technological innovation with educational equity and human agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Artificial Intelligence (AI), Teacher Education, AI Literacy, Pedagogical Agency, Ethical and Humanistic Pedagogy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 74-78<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/74-78.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9065 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9065\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9065\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/adaitya-kumar-rana\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9065\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/adaitya-kumar-rana\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3-\u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u09ac\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u099c \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09a8\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c8\u09a4 \u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120008\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120008<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa):<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0993 \u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u099c\u09cd\u099e \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09af, \u09ac\u09c8\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0997\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u0993 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u099c\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u09ae\u09b9\u09b2 (\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3-\u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u09ac\u0999\u09cd\u0997) \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u099c \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u0993 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09a4\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u099c \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09a3\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6):<\/strong> \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0, \u099c\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u09ae\u09b9\u09b2 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2, \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u099c \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf, \u09aa\u09c2\u099c\u09be, \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 79-84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/79-84.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9062 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9062\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9062\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/the-level-of-emotional-intelligence-of-the-learners-in-distance-education\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9062\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/the-level-of-emotional-intelligence-of-the-learners-in-distance-education\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">The Level of Emotional Intelligence of the Learners in Distance Education<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: M. Muthukumar &amp; Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120009\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Education in the 21st century emphasizes not only cognitive development but also the cultivation of emotional competencies that influence learning, performance, and interpersonal relationships. Recognizing, managing and regulating emotions is important in modern life. In distance education, effective communication is challenging because learners are far away and study independently. The present study looks into the emotional intelligence of distance learners enrolled in various undergraduate and postgraduate courses within South Tamil Nadu zone. A total of 300 students were randomly sampled from institutions delivering distance education programmes. A descriptive survey design was utilized with a standardized Emotional Intelligence Scale. The findings suggest that most distance learners possess a moderate level of emotional intelligence. The Course of study, gender, and age didn\u2019t have any significant effect on the dimension of emotional intelligence. This study also demonstrated that learners with high emotional intelligence exhibited better flexibility, motivation, and resilience in learning through virtual platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Emotional Intelligence, Distance Education Learners, Self-Awareness, Motivation, Online learning, South Tamil Nadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 85-93<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/85-93.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9059 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9059\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9059\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/the-urban-underground-subterranean-evolution-and-pathogen-dynamics-of-disease-vectors\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9059\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/the-urban-underground-subterranean-evolution-and-pathogen-dynamics-of-disease-vectors\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">The Urban Underground: Subterranean Evolution and Pathogen Dynamics of Disease Vectors<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Rayan Das<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120010\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120010<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> As global urbanization accelerates, the creation of extensive subterranean infrastructures\u2014including subway networks, sewer systems, and utility conduits\u2014has inadvertently fostered a \u201cvertical frontier\u201d for disease vectors. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the evolutionary divergence and ecological success of subterranean vector populations, with a primary focus on the Culex pipiens complex. In these \u201curban caves,\u201d distinct selective pressures such as stable microclimates, lack of diapause triggers, and restricted mating spaces have driven the emergence of the molestus biotype. This study examines the molecular mechanisms of autogeny, specifically the constitutive activation of the vitellogenin (Vg) gene pathway, which allows for egg production in nutrient-poor underground environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through comparative case studies of subterranean systems in New York City, Tokyo, and Cairo, we highlight how varying architectural and hydrological conditions lead to different patterns of genetic clustering and \u201cisland evolution.\u201d Furthermore, the review addresses the impact of climate change, arguing that rising surface temperatures are forcing traditionally epigaeic species, such as Aedes albopictus, into subterranean refugia. These underground populations act as year-round \u201cpathogen incubators\u201d and bridge vectors, facilitating the transmission of arboviruses like West Nile Virus from isolated reservoirs to surface-dwelling human populations. This research concludes that modern public health surveillance must transition from a surface-centric model to a three-dimensional approach, utilizing emerging technologies like eDNA and automated acoustic monitoring to mitigate the risks posed by these hidden evolutionary hotspots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Subterranean Evolution, Culex pipiens f. molestus, Urban Entomology, Autogeny, Bridge Vectors, Genetic Isolation, Anthropogenic Habitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 94-102<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/94-102.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9056 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9056\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9056\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/pedagogical-strategies-teaching-methods-and-approaches-to-promote-student-engagement-and-understanding\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9056\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/pedagogical-strategies-teaching-methods-and-approaches-to-promote-student-engagement-and-understanding\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Pedagogical Strategies: Teaching Methods and Approaches to Promote Student Engagement and Understanding<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Brijendra Bahadur Singh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120011\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, the effectiveness of teaching\u2013learning processes largely depends on the adoption of appropriate pedagogical strategies that actively engage learners and promote meaningful understanding. Pedagogical strategies refer to the systematic methods, approaches, and practices employed by teachers to facilitate learning, foster student participation, and ensure conceptual clarity. Contemporary education emphasizes a shift from traditional teacher-centred instruction to learnercentred, experiential, and inclusive pedagogies that address the diverse cognitive, emotional, and social needs of students. In this context, promoting student engagement has emerged as a central concern, as engaged learners demonstrate higher motivation, deeper understanding, and improved academic outcomes. This conceptual paper examines various pedagogical strategies that enhance student engagement and understanding in formal educational settings. It explores learner-centred and constructivist approaches that encourage active participation, critical thinking, collaboration, and knowledge construction. Emphasis is placed on experiential and activity-based learning methods such as project-based learning, problem-solving tasks, simulations, and real-life experiences, which bridge the gap between theory and practice. The paper also highlights the growing role of technology-integrated pedagogies, including blended learning, flipped classrooms, and digital collaboration platforms, in creating interactive and flexible learning environments. Further, the paper discusses assessment-oriented pedagogical practices, particularly formative assessment, feedback mechanisms, and reflective learning, as tools to support continuous learning and conceptual understanding. Inclusive pedagogical strategies are examined to address learner diversity, ensuring equity, accessibility, and participation of all students, including those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The evolving role of teachers as facilitators, mentors, and reflective practitioners is emphasized, highlighting the need for professional competence and pedagogical adaptability. Aligned with contemporary educational reforms and the National Education Policy 2020, this paper underscores the significance of pedagogical innovation in achieving holistic development, learner autonomy, and quality education. The study contributes to educational discourse by providing a comprehensive conceptual framework that can guide educators, teacher educators, and policymakers in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes through effective pedagogical strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Pedagogical Strategies, Student Engagement, Learner-Centred Teaching Experiential Learning, Inclusive Education, Teaching\u2013Learning Process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 103-114<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/103-114.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9053 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9053\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9053\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/food-preferences-as-a-contributing-factor-to-childhood-obesity\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9053\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/food-preferences-as-a-contributing-factor-to-childhood-obesity\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Food Preferences As A Contributing Factor to Childhood Obesity<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Madhurima Pradhan &amp; Dr. Abha Kumari<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120012\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120012<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Childhood obesity has emerged as one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century, affecting both developed and developing nations. Among the multifactorial causes of obesity, food preference plays a critical and modifiable role. Children\u2019s preferences for energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, influenced by biological, psychological, familial, and environmental factors, contribute substantially to excessive calorie intake and unhealthy weight gain. This article explores the relationship between food preferences and obesity, emphasizing the mechanisms through which dietary choices affect body weight, the determinants shaping children\u2019s food preferences, and the long-term health implications of unhealthy eating patterns. Understanding these relationships is essential for designing effective nutrition education, intervention programs, and policy measures aimed at preventing childhood obesity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Food Preference, Childhood Obesity, Dietary Habits, Nutrition Transition, Lifestyle Factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 115-122<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/115-122.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9047 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9047\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9047\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/mechanisms-and-molecular-insights-into-iron-deficiency-anemia-from-hematology-to-cellular-biology\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9047\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/mechanisms-and-molecular-insights-into-iron-deficiency-anemia-from-hematology-to-cellular-biology\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Mechanisms and Molecular Insights into Iron Deficiency Anemia: From Hematology to Cellular Biology<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Kalyani Jana &amp; Dr. Abha Kumar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120013<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common micronutrient deficiency globally, affecting over two billion individuals and representing a major public health concern. It disproportionately impacts children, adolescents, and women of reproductive age, contributing to increased morbidity, impaired cognitive and physical development, and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. IDA arises from a multifactorial etiology, including inadequate dietary intake, increased physiological iron requirements, chronic blood loss, malabsorption syndromes, and genetic predispositions. At the cellular and molecular levels, iron deficiency impairs hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes, and triggers compensatory erythropoietic and systemic responses. The hepcidin-ferroportin axis serves as a central regulatory pathway controlling iron absorption and mobilization, while iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) modulate intracellular iron homeostasis. Clinical manifestations include fatigue, pallor, cognitive dysfunction, restless leg syndrome, and impaired immune function. Diagnosis relies on a combination of hematologic indices, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor levels, and emerging molecular biomarkers. Management strategies encompass dietary and lifestyle interventions, oral and intravenous iron supplementation, and novel therapies targeting hepcidin modulation, iron absorption, and gut microbiome interactions. Understanding the pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and systemic consequences of IDA is essential for designing personalized interventions, optimizing therapeutic efficacy, and guiding future research in nutritional anemia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Iron Deficiency Anemia, Hemoglobin, Hepcidin, Ferroportin, Erythropoiesis, Iron Metabolism, Nutritional Deficiency, Molecular Mechanisms, Gut Microbiome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 123-130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/123-130.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9026 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9026\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9026\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/golden-cultures-at-elementary-level-of-education-for-making-the-self-reliant-citizenship\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9026\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/golden-cultures-at-elementary-level-of-education-for-making-the-self-reliant-citizenship\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Management and Emerging Perspectives<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Madhuchhanda Maity &amp; Dr. Abha Kumari<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120014\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120014<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a global health concern, affecting millions and contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. The disease is classified into type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and other specific types due to monogenic or secondary causes. The pathophysiology involves complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Clinical manifestations include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and long-term vascular complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, and nerves. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and regular monitoring are crucial for optimal disease management. Emerging therapies, including continuous glucose monitoring, insulin analogs, incretin-based drugs, and regenerative medicine approaches, show promise for better glycemic control and improved quality of life. This review synthesizes current knowledge on diabetes, highlighting epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, complications, and future research directions, aiming to provide a holistic understanding for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycemia, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, Lifestyle Modification, Complications, Management, Continuous Glucose Monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 131-138<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/131-138.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9202 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9202\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9202\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/shibaji-roy\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9202\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/shibaji-roy\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Folk Culture and Mass Education of R\u0101\u1e0dha : A Historical and Socio-Educational Review<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Shibaji Roy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120015\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120015<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The R\u0101\u1e0dha (Rarh) region \u2014 broadly spanning parts of present-day West Bengal (including Birbhum, Bankura, Purulia and adjacent districts) \u2014 is culturally rich with distinctive folk traditions and indigenous educational practices rooted in rural life. Folk culture in R\u0101\u1e0dha (Rarh) comprises music, dance, religious beliefs, festivals and oral lore that has historically served as a vehicle for informal education and social learning. However, modern mass education systems, shaped by colonial and post-colonial policies, have often marginalized local traditions. This article traces: the historical evolution of R\u0101\u1e0dha;s (Rarh\u2019s) folk culture, how folk expression functioned as informal education, the transition to formal mass education, and contemporary efforts to reintegrate cultural knowledge systems. The review finds that folk culture not only embodies local epistemologies but also acts as an agent of community cohesion and moral development. Recognition of this has led to recent initiatives incorporating local art and narrative forms into formal education frameworks. Reasserting R\u0101\u1e0dha\u2019s (Rarh\u2019s) folk heritage within educational planning can help bridge gaps between formal schooling and indigenous knowledge, promoting inclusive and culturally responsive learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Folk Culture, R\u0101\u1e0dha (Rarh) Region, Informal Education, Mass Education, Indigenous, Knowledge Systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 139-144<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/139-144.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9205 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9205\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9205\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-rural-employment-patterns\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9205\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-rural-employment-patterns\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Rural Employment Patterns<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Rajib Jana &amp; Dr. Ashok Kumar Srivastava<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120016\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120016<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The COVID-19 pandemic created a major global economic crisis, with its impact being felt most severely in rural areas. Since rural economies largely depend on agriculture and informal labor, lockdowns, mobility restrictions, and disruptions in supply chains caused serious difficulties for rural labor markets. As a result, many people lost their jobs, income insecurity increased, and noticeable changes occurred across different sectors of employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This research paper analyzes changes in rural employment using secondary data sources and selected case studies from various regions. It examines labor participation rates, changes in wages, migration patterns, and access to social protection schemes. Special emphasis has been placed on the return migration of workers from urban to rural areas, increased pressure on agricultural employment, and the vulnerable condition of informal workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The findings indicate that the pandemic led to immediate employment crises in rural areas, along with longterm structural changes in the rural economy. The study also evaluates various policy measures adopted by the government to restore employment and protect rural livelihoods. Overall, this paper highlights the need for inclusive and sustainable employment policies to strengthen the rural economy and enhance its resilience in order to better cope with future crises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Covid-19 Pandemic, Un- Employment, Rural Affections, Sustainable Employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 145-154<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/145-154.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9208 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9208\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9208\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/digital-divide-and-ict-access-in-school-education\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9208\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/digital-divide-and-ict-access-in-school-education\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Digital Divide and ICT Access in School Education<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Asim Kumar Maiti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120017<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The rapid expansion of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed the landscape of school education worldwide. However, unequal access to digital resources has created a significant digital divide, particularly among school-going children. This article critically examines the concept of the digital divide and its implications for ICT access in school education. It explores the dimensions, causes, and consequences of digital inequality, with special reference to developing countries like India. The study also analyzes policy initiatives, challenges in implementation, and pedagogical implications of ICT integration. Finally, it suggests strategies to bridge the digital divide to ensure equitable, inclusive, and quality education for all learners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Digital Divide, ICT Access, School Education, Educational Equity, Digital Inclusion, Technology in Education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 155-159<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/155-159.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9211 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9211\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9211\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/rajkumar-bhunia\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9211\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/rajkumar-bhunia\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0988\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be\u09df \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c3\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Rajkumar Bhunia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120018\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120018<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa):<\/strong> \u098a\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09ac\u099c\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0988\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6, \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a8\u09a4\u09be, \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c3\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u0964 \u09a4\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0993 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2, \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0, \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099c\u09a8\u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09b8\u09c0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c, \u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u0997\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u0997\u09a3\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09b9 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b0\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7, \u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c3\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf, \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u0986\u099c\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09aa\u09a5\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u0995\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c3\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u0997\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf, \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09b0 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u0993 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a4\u098f\u09ac, \u09b8\u09ae\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6):<\/strong> \u0988\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0, \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8, \u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09c3\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be, \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be, \u09b8\u09ae\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 160-166<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/160-166.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9214 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9214\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9214\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/gour-mondal\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9214\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/gour-mondal\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: \u0997\u09cc\u09a1\u09bc \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120019\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa):<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cb\u09a6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be; \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c, \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09a3 \u0993 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u0964 \u0994\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09a8, \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb\u09b2\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8, \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09b0, \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb\u09b2\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u2014\u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0993 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u0995\u09c0, \u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u0997\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af, \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09a3, \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09bf-\u09b8\u0982\u0998\u09be\u09a4, \u09b2\u09bf\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b7\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u099f\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995 \u0995\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u0995\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09cb\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09bf \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a1\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0993 \u098f\u0987 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b8\u09b9\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7, \u098f\u0987 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6):<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u0995, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6, \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be, \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09a4\u09be, \u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995, \u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 167-173<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/167-173.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9217 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9217\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9217\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/ahida-rahaman\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9217\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/ahida-rahaman\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09a8: \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u0993 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: \u0985\u09b9\u09bf\u09a6\u09be \u09b0\u09b9\u09ae\u09be\u09a8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120020\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120020<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa):<\/strong> \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u2013\u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09b9, \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8, \u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7, \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3 \u0993 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09be, \u09b8\u09c3\u099c\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be, \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be, \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be, \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u0993 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6):<\/strong> \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be, \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8, \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be, \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af, \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 174-179<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/174-179.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9220 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9220\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9220\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/sahabuddin-ahamed-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9220\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/sahabuddin-ahamed-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u0986\u09b9\u09ae\u09c7\u09a6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120021\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120021<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa):<\/strong> \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ad\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09c0\u09a3 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09ac, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8, \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf, \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u0983\u09b8\u09cd\u09ab\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0995\u09a5\u09be, \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8, \u09ae\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af, \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u0995\u09a5\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u2013\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u099a\u09a8 \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae, \u0986\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u2013\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cc\u0996\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be, \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u2013\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be, \u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf, \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09ac\u2013\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a3 \u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09a7\u09be\u09ac\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0993 \u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u09b9\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c3\u09a2\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995, \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6):<\/strong> \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af, \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf,\u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af,\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u099c \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be,\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 180-188<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/180-188.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9223 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9223\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9223\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/pipasha-kundu\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9223\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/pipasha-kundu\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ae\u09a8\u09a8\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 : \u098f\u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: \u09aa\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09c1\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120022\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa):<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8? \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u098f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09a7\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u0983\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09b8\u09c0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09ad\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09be \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u0995\u09ae\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u0995 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7, \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u0995 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7, \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09ac \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0993 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7, \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u0995 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7, \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be \u099c\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u0995\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u0995 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u0964 \u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995 \u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09ac\u0987 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c1\u0983\u09b8\u09b9 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae \u09a7\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af \u09ab\u09b8\u09b2 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ab\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a3\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09a6\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u099c\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0964 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b8\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09aa\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09af\u09c7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0987 \u0986\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0986\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09aa\u09a3 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc- \u2018\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09b2\u2019 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0985\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6):<\/strong> \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0, \u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0 \u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be, \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u0995, \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09b0, \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 189-198<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/189-198.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9226 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9226\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9226\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/suman-das\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9226\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/suman-das\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09a3\u09cd\u09a0\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be : \u09b6\u09b0\u09ce\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Sumana Das<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120023\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120023<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa):<\/strong> \u09b6\u09b0\u09ce\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u099a\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u0993 \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a4 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4\u09bf, \u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09be, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u0993 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09a3\u09cd\u09a0\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u2018\u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09a6\u09be\u09b8\u2019-\u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0, \u2018\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u2019-\u098f\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0, \u2018\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09c0\u09a8\u2019-\u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u09a3\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u2018\u0997\u09c3\u09b9\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u2019-\u098f\u09b0 \u0985\u099a\u09b2\u09be\u2014\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u09b0\u09ce\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2\u09a4\u09be, \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09b8\u0982\u0998\u09be\u09a4 \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u09aa\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09ae, \u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997, \u09b8\u09b9\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c1\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b6\u09b0\u09ce\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09a3\u09cd\u09a0\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7, \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6):<\/strong> \u09b6\u09b0\u09ce\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u099a\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0,\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09a3\u09cd\u09a0\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0,\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be,\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u09a4\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 199-204<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/199-204.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9229 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9229\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9229\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/impact-of-blockchain-enforced-land-chain-systems-on-the-indian-economy\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9229\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/impact-of-blockchain-enforced-land-chain-systems-on-the-indian-economy\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Impact of Blockchain-enforced Land-Chain Systems on the Indian Economy<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Bipasa Sen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120024\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120024<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> After the Internet, again one of the most significant global technology hacks is Blockchain technology. Although the initial start is with innovative virtual currencies, Blockchain is now poised to support us achieve the new peak of development in every nook and corner of the industrial world where automation is needed. This nascent tech-boom enriches everything from our lifestyles to the way we conduct business. From financial institutions to voting systems, healthcare to transportation management, supply chain to Internet of Things (IOT) and Higher education to different government services influenced by the feasibility of this technological approach. Its transparent, reliable, decentralized, tamper-proof and triple entry ledger system emphasizes adoption in records keeping and transaction systems of land management systems in different countries. To protect dwellers rights of records (RoR) the Indian government also started Blockchain technology based smart transparent web-application enabled land records and land registration systems i.e. Land-Chain Systems in a few states as pilot projects. The study focuses on the present situation of land records and land registration systems and whether future prospects for adoption of Land-Chain Systems have a favorable impact on the Indian economy or not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Blockchain Technology, Land Records, Land Registration, Land-Chain Systems, Indian Economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 205-219<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/205-219.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9289 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9289\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9289\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/biometric-attendance-management-system-and-administration-an-overview\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9289\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/biometric-attendance-management-system-and-administration-an-overview\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Biometric Attendance Management System and Administration: An Overview<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Pradip Dey<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120025\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120025<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The implementation of a biometric attendance maintenance system is one method to address the management of employees to confirm attendance and ensure the effective delivery of services. With rise of globalization, it is becoming essential to find the easier and more effective system to help an organization to improve their employee productivity and efficiency. Employee attendance management system is an easy way to keep track on attendance of staff within organization. Among all the biometric techniques, fingerprint-based identification is the oldest method which has been successfully used in numerous applications. Everyone is known to have unique, immutable finger prints. A finger print is made of a series of ridges and furrows on the surface of the finger. As the level of security breaches and transaction fraud increases, the need for highly secure identification and personal verification technologies is becoming apparent. Biometrics has long been touched as a powerful tool for solving identification. In addition to growing needs for fast, accurate and dependable security biometrics technology has recently begun to enter into public consciousness. The empirical literature review indicates the attitudes of the faculties towards biometric attendance systems which are influenced by subjective norms, perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, and concerns related to privacy and technical issues. While faculty members recognize the advantages of these systems in streamlining attendance management, there are concerns about data privacy and potential errors in recognition. The findings of the study provide a foundation for the future study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Biometric, Finger Print, Verification, Identification, Template and Hand Geometry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 220-230<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/220-230.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9293 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9293\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9293\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/a-review-on-the-development-of-fuzzy-algebra-and-its-logical-structures\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9293\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/a-review-on-the-development-of-fuzzy-algebra-and-its-logical-structures\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">A Review on the Development of Fuzzy Algebra and Its Logical Structures<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Diwakar Prasad Baranwal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120026\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120026<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Fuzzy algebra has emerged as a powerful extension of classical algebraic systems by incorporating graded membership and uncertainty. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the development of fuzzy algebra, focusing on fuzzy groups, fuzzy rings, and fuzzy algebraic logic structures such as BCK, BCI, and pseudo-BCK algebras. The paper highlights key definitions, known results, and major theoretical advances reported in the literature, along with recent trends toward intrinsic, membership-based formulations. Special emphasis is given to quotient constructions, homomorphism theorems, and fuzzy filters in implication-based algebras. The review also discusses open problems and future research directions, positioning fuzzy algebra as a mature and unified mathematical framework for reasoning under uncertainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Fuzzy Algebra, Fuzzy Groups, Fuzzy Rings, Fuzzy Ideals, Fuzzy Filters, Pseudo-Bck Algebras, Algebraic Logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 231-242<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/231-242.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-9493 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"9493\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"9493\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/nep-2020-and-inclusive-education-addressing-diversity-disability-and-social-equity-in-the-indian-education-system-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"9493\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/nep-2020-and-inclusive-education-addressing-diversity-disability-and-social-equity-in-the-indian-education-system-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">NEP 2020 and Inclusive Education: Addressing Diversity, Disability, and Social Equity in the Indian Education System<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120027\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120027<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Inclusive education has emerged as a central concern in contemporary educational reforms, particularly in societies characterized by deep social, economic, and cultural diversity. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a paradigm shift in India\u2019s approach to inclusion by explicitly foregrounding equity, access, and participation for all learners, including children from socio-economically disadvantaged groups and persons with disabilities. This qualitative study critically examines the inclusive education framework proposed under NEP 2020, focusing on diversity, disability, and social equity in the post-policy context. Drawing upon policy documents, academic literature, and institutional reports, the study analyzes the conceptual foundations, implementation strategies, and systemic challenges associated with inclusive education reforms. The findings reveal that while NEP 2020 offers a comprehensive and progressive vision aligned with global inclusive education principles, its effective realization depends on addressing structural inequalities, strengthening teacher capacity, improving infrastructural accessibility, and ensuring coordinated governance. The paper concludes with policy-oriented recommendations aimed at strengthening inclusive practices across school and higher education systems in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> NEP 2020, Inclusive Education, Disability, Social Equity, Diversity, Educational Reform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 243-248<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/243-248.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-10028 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"10028\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"10028\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/ruma-mahata-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"10028\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/ruma-mahata-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3-\u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b9\u09bf\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09ac\u09bf : \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09c1\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c1<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Ruma Mahata<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120028\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120028<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a3-\u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u099c\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3, \u0995\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7-\u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2 \u099c\u09c1\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u0987 \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2 \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964 \u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u099c \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2 \u099c\u09c1\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7\u0987 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u0987 \u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0987 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09b9\u09bf\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09ac\u09bf \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09c1\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c1\u09b0 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0\u00a0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u00a0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964 \u09b6\u09c2\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09b6\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u09ae\u09b9\u09bf\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09ac\u09bf \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09c1\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09c1\u0964 \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4 \u09a7\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u09a6\u09c0 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0986\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09b0\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> \u0997\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u09af\u09bc, \u09ae\u09b0\u09be\u0987, \u09b9\u09bf\u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09a1\u09bc, \u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u0995\u09bf\u09a4, \u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09b6\u09be, \u09ac\u09c0\u09a3\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 249-259<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/249-259.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-10899 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"10899\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"10899\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/awareness-of-ict-among-school-level-teachers\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"10899\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/awareness-of-ict-among-school-level-teachers\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Awareness of ICT among School Level Teachers<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Sanjoy Halder<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120029\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120029<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral component of modern education systems worldwide. Teachers\u2019 awareness and understanding of ICT play a crucial role in integrating technology into classroom teaching and improving learning outcomes. The present study explores the level of ICT awareness among school-level teachers and examines its implications for teaching practices. The study also highlights the importance of ICT literacy in enhancing pedagogical effectiveness, professional development, and digital learning environments. Through descriptive analysis, the research discusses teachers\u2019 perceptions, usage patterns, and challenges associated with ICT adoption. The findings emphasize the need for systematic training, infrastructure support, and policy initiatives to enhance ICT awareness among teachers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> ICT Awareness, School Teachers, Digital Literacy, Technology Integration, Educational Technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 260-265<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/260-265.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-10902 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"10902\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"10902\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%85\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"10902\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9f%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97-%e0%a4%85\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0917 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Sumit Kumar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120029\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120029<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 Gig Economy \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 Uber, Zomato \u0914\u0930 Swiggy \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0917 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u093f\u0917 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930, \u0917\u093f\u0917 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 266-270<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/266-270.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-11423 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume3-issue12\"\t\tdata-id=\"11423\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"11423\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/a-comparative-study-on-test-anxiety-among-male-and-female-student-teachers\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"11423\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/a-comparative-study-on-test-anxiety-among-male-and-female-student-teachers\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">A Comparative Study on Test Anxiety among Male and Female Student Teachers<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/04\/12\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume3-issue12\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume3-issue12\/\">Volume3 Issue12<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Bhagyadhar Pramanik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03090015\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120031\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120031<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Purpose of the present study was to find out the test anxiety level on selected psychological variables between teacher training institutes located in West Medinipur Districts. 100 male student teachers and 100 female student teachers were used as subjects. Age range of the subject between 22-30 years. Anxiety was measured by questioner which develop by Nist and Diehl having five possible ans. &#8220;t\u201d-test was used to calculate the collected data. The findings of this study reflected that in significant deference between male student teachers and female student teachers, but female student teachers were more anxiety then male student teachers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Test, Anxiety, Student Teacher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 271-274<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/271-274.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; December | Volume -3 | Issue -12 Education, Culture and Identity: Educational Challenges among Tribal Communities in West Bengal January 14, 2026 Volume3 Issue12 Author: Mamoni Khamrai DOI Link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120001 Abstract: Education plays a critical role in preserving cultural identity while enabling socio-economic development among tribal &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume3-issue12\/a-comparative-study-on-test-anxiety-among-male-and-female-student-teachers\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">A Comparative Study on Test Anxiety among Male and Female Student Teachers<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_joinchat":[]},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":false,"author_link":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/author\/asraful-alibiswas\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"","rttpg_excerpt":"Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2025 &#8211; December | Volume -3 | Issue -12 Education, Culture and Identity: Educational Challenges among Tribal Communities in West Bengal January 14, 2026 Volume3 Issue12 Author: Mamoni Khamrai DOI Link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/03120001 Abstract: Education plays a critical role in preserving cultural identity while enabling socio-economic development among tribal&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9307"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9307"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11429,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9307\/revisions\/11429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}