{"id":1033,"date":"2023-11-26T07:00:23","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T07:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/?page_id=1033"},"modified":"2026-09-23T10:34:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T05:04:54","slug":"current-issue","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/current-issue\/","title":{"rendered":"CURRENT ISSUE"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1033\" class=\"elementor elementor-1033\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c83faaf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c83faaf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbd98ed section-title-style-style4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tpg-section-title\" data-id=\"cbd98ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tpg-section-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"rt-container-fluid rt-tpg-container tpg-el-main-wrapper clearfix  section-title-style-style4\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class='tpg-header-wrapper'>\r\n        <div class=\"tpg-widget-heading-wrapper rt-clear heading-style4 \">\r\n            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-left\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class='tpg-widget-heading'>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t                    <span>\r\n                        Current Issue                    <\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-right\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>        <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e236d26 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e236d26\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca9275d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ca9275d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-850d507 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"850d507\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 01-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"914\" src=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Volume-4-Issue-8.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13008\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d05524 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d05524\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ee383 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74ee383\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"914\" src=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Editor-Pic-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6234\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac178cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac178cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb87456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fb87456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Volume-4-Issue-8.png\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Front Page<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b5c993 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b5c993\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b144f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0b144f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Content-August-26-0408-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Content List<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ddbbe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b2ddbbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19f3d0a title_hover_border_enable meta-visibility-show section-title-style-style1 title_position_default title-default img_hover_animation_default meta_position_default tpg-category-position-default grid-hover-overlay-type-always tpg-el-box-border-enable tpg-border-bottom-disable elementor-widget elementor-widget-tpg-grid-layout\" data-id=\"19f3d0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tpg-grid-layout.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"rt-container-fluid rt-tpg-container tpg-el-main-wrapper clearfix grid-layout1-main \"\r\n             id=\"rt-tpg-container-626336536\"\r\n             data-layout=\"grid-layout1\"\r\n             data-grid-style=\"tpg-full-height\"\r\n             data-sc-id=\"elementor\"\r\n             data-el-settings=''\r\n             data-el-query=''\r\n             data-el-path=''\r\n        >\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<div class='tpg-header-wrapper '>\r\n        <div class=\"tpg-widget-heading-wrapper rt-clear heading-style1 \">\r\n            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-left\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<h2 class='tpg-widget-heading'>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t                    <span>\r\n                        Year 2026 - August | Volume -4 | Issue -8                    <\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-right\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n            <div data-title=\"Loading ...\" class=\"rt-row rt-content-loader grid-layout1 grid-behaviour tpg-full-height grid_layout_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13049 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13049\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13049\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/the-political-philosophy-of-dr-shyama-prasad-mukherjee-nationalism-and-federalism\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13049\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/the-political-philosophy-of-dr-shyama-prasad-mukherjee-nationalism-and-federalism\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">The Political Philosophy of Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee: Nationalism and Federalism<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Mandal<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080001<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> In the political history of contemporary India, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (1901\u20131953) has a prominent position. He was a notable educationist, attorney, member of parliament, and political figure who had a significant impact on India\u2019s early years of independence. His political thought emphasized constitutional democracy, national integration, cultural identity, and federal governance in addition to a strong devotion to Indian nationalism. Dr. Mukherjee established the conceptual groundwork for a political tradition that still has an impact on Indian politics as the founding of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1951.Dr. Mukherjee\u2019s political philosophy developed amid a time of colonial control, Partition trauma, intercommunal strife, and the difficulty of establishing a democratic nation-state. Concerns regarding economic growth, constitutional governance, national unity, minority rights, and the Union\u2019s connection with the states were all represented in his thinking. Despite his support for a federal system, he maintained that India\u2019s integrity and sovereignty necessitated a powerful central government that could safeguard the country\u2019s unity. The political philosophy of Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee is examined in this essay, with particular attention to his ideas of federalism and nationalism. It also examines the intellectual influences on his political philosophy, his opinions on national integration, democracy, and constitutionalism, and evaluates the concepts\u2019 ongoing applicability in modern India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Political Philosophy, National Integration, Democracy, Nation-State, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 1-8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/1-8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13046 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13046\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13046\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/computer-attitude-among-secondary-school-students-in-mysuru-district-karnataka-a-descriptive-survey-study\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13046\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/computer-attitude-among-secondary-school-students-in-mysuru-district-karnataka-a-descriptive-survey-study\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Computer Attitude among Secondary School Students in Mysuru District, Karnataka: A Descriptive Survey Study<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Sharath Kumar C. R.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The rapid integration of digital technologies into school education has made students\u2019 attitudes towards computers an important educational concern. This study examined the level of computer attitude among secondary school students in Mysuru (Mysore) district, Karnataka, and tested whether computer attitude differed by gender and locality. A descriptive survey design was employed. Data were obtained from 84 secondary school students, comprising 43 boys and 41 girls; 51 students were from rural areas and 33 from urban areas. Computer attitude was measured using the standardized Computer Attitude Scale (CASKS) developed by Tahira Khatoon and Manika Sharma. Descriptive statistics and independent-samples ttests were used for analysis. The distribution indicated that 36.90% of students were in the extremely low category, 23.81% in the low category, 16.67% in the below-average category, 17.86% in the average category, and 4.76% in the above-average category; no student fell in the high or extremely high categories. The gender comparison showed no statistically significant difference between boys (M = 62.23, SD = 10.04) and girls (M = 60.98, SD = 11.77), t(82) = 0.528, p = .599. Similarly, no significant difference was found between rural (M = 60.96, SD = 11.29) and urban students (M = 62.64, SD = 10.27), t(82) = 0.688, p = .493. The findings suggest that low computer attitude was widespread in the sample and that gender and locality alone did not explain meaningful variation. The study highlights the need for systematic opportunities for computer-supported learning, digital skill development, and positive technology experiences in secondary education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Computer Attitude; Secondary School Students; Educational Technology; Digital Learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 9-15<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13042 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13042\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13042\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/revisiting-the-theory-of-tripolar-hyperfuzzy-graphs\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13042\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/revisiting-the-theory-of-tripolar-hyperfuzzy-graphs\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Revisiting the Theory of Tripolar HyperFuzzy Graphs<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Takaaki Fujita<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080003\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080003<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Graph-based models provide a fundamental mathematical framework for representing relational systems in terms of vertices and their connections. Fuzzy sets extend classical set theory by assigning each element a membership degree in the interval [0,1], thereby allowing partial membership rather than restricting membership to binary values. Through the use of HyperStructures [17], Fuzzy Sets have been generalized to HyperFuzzy Sets [18\u201320]. Furthermore, the HyperFuzzy Set framework has been extended to graph-theoretic settings, leading to the development of HyperFuzzy Graphs [39\u201341].Motivated by these developments, this paper investigates tripolar extensions of the hyperfuzzy framework. In particular, we study Tripolar HyperFuzzy Sets and Tripolar HyperFuzzy Graphs, which integrate the three-pole representation of tripolar fuzzy models with the set-valued membership structure underlying HyperFuzzy Sets and HyperFuzzy Graphs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> HyperFuzzy Set, HyperFuzzy Graph, Tripolar Fuzzy Set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 16-25<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/16-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13039 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13039\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13039\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/financial-sustainability-of-sports-organizations-challenges-and-strategic-approaches\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13039\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/financial-sustainability-of-sports-organizations-challenges-and-strategic-approaches\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Financial Sustainability of Sports Organizations: Challenges and Strategic Approaches<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Soummyadip Mandal &amp; Dr. Rachna Kumar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080004<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Financial sustainability has become a critical concern for sports organizations as the contemporary sports sector increasingly operates within a complex environment involving commercial competition, rising operational costs, changing consumer preferences, technological transformation, and uncertain revenue streams. Sports organizations require adequate and stable financial resources not only to conduct competitions but also to maintain infrastructure, develop athletes, support grassroots participation, employ professional personnel, and fulfil broader social responsibilities. This article examines the major challenges affecting the financial sustainability of sports organizations and identifies strategic approaches for strengthening their long-term financial viability. The study adopts a conceptual and analytical approach based on a review of existing literature, institutional frameworks, and contemporary developments in sports finance. The analysis indicates that excessive dependence on a limited number of revenue sources, inadequate financial planning, rising player and operational costs, weak governance, limited financial transparency, insufficient investment in digital transformation, and vulnerability to external shocks are major threats to sustainability. Revenue diversification, strategic budgeting, cost control, digital commercialization, sponsorship development, effective governance, financial risk management, and corporate social responsibility emerge as important strategic responses. The article argues that financial sustainability should not be understood merely as the achievement of short-term profitability; rather, it should encompass financial stability, resilience, accountability, responsible resource utilization, and the capacity to sustain sporting and social objectives over time. The article concludes that sports organizations need to adopt integrated financial strategies that balance competitive performance with long-term economic and institutional sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Financial Sustainability, Sports Organizations, Revenue Diversification, Sports Finance, Budgeting, Sponsorship, Financial Governance, Cost Control, Strategic Management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 26-33<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/26-33-1.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13036 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13036\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13036\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/climate-change-mitigation-and-sustainable-development-emerging-global-perspectives\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13036\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/climate-change-mitigation-and-sustainable-development-emerging-global-perspectives\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development: Emerging Global Perspectives<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Prodyut Mondal &amp; Dr. Pawan Kumar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080005\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080005<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant challenges to sustainable development, affecting ecosystems, economies, public health, livelihoods, food security and social stability. The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases, dependence on fossil fuels, environmental degradation and unsustainable patterns of production and consumption have intensified climate-related risks across regions. Climate change mitigation therefore requires more than reducing emissions; it demands a transformation of energy systems, industries, transportation, agriculture, urban development and patterns of consumption. This article examines the relationship between climate change mitigation and sustainable development from emerging global perspectives. It explores the transition towards renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable agriculture, green industries, circular economy, climate-resilient cities, nature-based solutions and inclusive climate governance. The article also considers the social dimensions of mitigation, particularly poverty reduction, employment, gender equality, health and climate justice. The 2030 Agenda establishes an integrated framework in which climate action is closely connected with poverty eradication, health, energy, decent work, sustainable cities and responsible consumption. Recent evidence indicates that although climate policies and clean technologies have progressed, current commitments remain insufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement temperature goals. UNEP\u2019s 2025 assessment projects approximately 2.3\u2013 2.5\u00b0C warming this century even if current Nationally Determined Contributions are fully implemented, highlighting the urgent need for stronger mitigation action. The article argues that climate mitigation should be understood not as a constraint on development but as a pathway towards a more resilient, inclusive, lowcarbon and environmentally sustainable development model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Climate Change, Climate Mitigation, Sustainable Development, Renewable Energy, Green Economy, Climate Justice, Circular Economy, Low-Carbon Development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 34-43<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/34-43-1.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13034 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13034\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13034\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/from-research-evidence-to-educational-practice-a-qualitative-analysis-of-the-research-practice-gap-in-contemporary-education\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13034\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/from-research-evidence-to-educational-practice-a-qualitative-analysis-of-the-research-practice-gap-in-contemporary-education\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">From Research Evidence to Educational Practice: A Qualitative Analysis of the Research\u2013Practice Gap in Contemporary Education<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Paul<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080006\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080006<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Educational research is expected to generate evidence capable of improving teaching, learning, assessment, institutional management, and educational policy. Nevertheless, a persistent gap frequently exists between the production of research evidence and its translation into educational practice. This qualitative study examines the nature, causes, and consequences of the research\u2013practice gap in contemporary education and explores strategies for strengthening the connection between educational research and professional practice. A qualitative documentary research design was employed using scholarly literature, policy documents, and research on evidence-informed education, teacher inquiry, educational knowledge mobilization, and research utilization. The analysis was organized around four objectives: examining the significance of research evidence for educational practice; analysing the factors responsible for the research\u2013practice gap; identifying its consequences for teachers, institutions, and educational policy; and proposing strategies for strengthening research\u2013practice connections. The findings indicate that the gap is shaped by differences between academic research priorities and practitioners\u2019 immediate needs, limited accessibility of research findings, methodological complexity, inadequate research capacity among educators, insufficient institutional support, time constraints, and weak mechanisms for knowledge mobilization. The analysis further suggests that research evidence becomes more useful when teachers participate in inquiry, research findings are presented in accessible forms, institutions develop collaborative research cultures, and policymakers establish mechanisms for sustained evidence use. The study concludes that bridging the research\u2013practice gap requires a shift from a linear model of research dissemination towards a collaborative model in which researchers, teachers, institutions, policymakers, and communities jointly produce, interpret, and apply educational knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Educational Research; Research\u2013Practice Gap; Evidence-Based Education; Knowledge Mobilization; Teacher Research; Educational Practice; Research Utilization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 45-52<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/44-52.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13030 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13030\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13030\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/the-microcosm-of-coercion-deconstructing-the-school-as-a-subversive-and-maladaptive-social-system-a-critical-sociological-and-institutional-analysis\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13030\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/the-microcosm-of-coercion-deconstructing-the-school-as-a-subversive-and-maladaptive-social-system-a-critical-sociological-and-institutional-analysis\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">The Microcosm of Coercion: Deconstructing the School as a Subversive and Maladaptive Social System: A Critical Sociological and Institutional Analysis<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr A Q Suhail Ahmed Choudhury<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080007\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080007<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Traditional educational discourse frames the school as a benign micro-society\u2014an essential apparatus designed to socialize youth, foster civic virtue, and transmit critical intellectual capital. However, critical sociological theory, radical pedagogy, and institutional analysis reveal a contrasting reality: the school functions as a toxic microcosm of society\u2019s structural failings. Rather than serving as an incubator for human flourishing, the modern schooling institution functions as a site of enforced conformity, systemic alienation, stratified inequality, and psychological pacification. By examining the hidden curriculum, authoritarian power dynamics, panoptic surveillance, and peer-group pathologies, this paper argues that the school constitutes a \u2018bad society.\u2019 It systematically conditions subjects to accept arbitrary hierarchies, suppresses organic intellectual curiosity, and reproduces socio-economic divisions under the guise of meritocracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> School, Society, Micro-Society, Pedagogy, Institutional Analysis, Sociological Analysis, Social System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 53-57<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/53-57.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13027 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13027\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13027\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/elevating-science-education-through-indigenous-teaching-practices\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13027\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/elevating-science-education-through-indigenous-teaching-practices\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Elevating Science Education through Indigenous Teaching Practices<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Ms. Hardi Pancholi &amp; Dr. Sheetal Helaiya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080008\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080008<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Science is connected with individual\u2019s life as learning of science facilitates individual to become more critical and creative. For effective learning of science involvement of students with multi-sensory. As a result, learning of science education is always emphasized in India. In Indigenous knowledge and practices, Science education is deeply rooted. For the concepts learning, the learning style of the learners was emphasized, by considering it teaching strategies were selected. Teaching practices were more directed towards the holistic development of learners, in science education also these practices were pretended for better learning outcomes. More discussion and debate among the learners enhance their mental capabilities to think beyond a certain level. Indian knowledge system explicated teaching strategies associated with multiple philosophies. Nyaya philosophy was reflected in science education because the characteristics of both are logical reasoning of the concepts. Presumption, observation, analogy and verbal association are the techniques of reasoning which are related to science education. These techniques and its application in the subject makes more contextualization of indigenous science education, research trends in the teaching practices of science education also provides the base of applicability of science education in the modern scenario. Research trends make the similarity to the indigenous teaching practices of science and provides the scope of improvement in science education. Guru Shishya tradition has the cultural background which imbibes the values and ethics in learners. In this paper elevation of science education through the realm of Indigenous glance with current scenario of it, is given in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Science Education, Indian Knowledge, Indigenous Teaching Practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 58-63<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/58-63.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13024 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13024\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13024\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/advent-of-islam-in-barak-valley-a-historical-study\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13024\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/advent-of-islam-in-barak-valley-a-historical-study\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Advent of Islam in Barak Valley: A Historical Study<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr Kamal Uddin Mazarbhuiya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080009\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080009<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Barak Valley, comprising present districts of Cachar, Sribhumi [erstwhile Karimganj] and Hailakandi, is presently home to a large Muslim population which forms about 45-50% of the valley\u2019s population, and majority in Hailakandi and Sribhumi districts. However, the advent and spread of Islam in this region has remained largely unstudied in mainstream historiography of Assam which focuses on Brahmaputra Valley. This paper traces the advent of Islam in Barak Valley from early 13th century to the colonial period. It examines three distinct phases &#8211; first, early Turko-Afghan military incursions through Sylhet frontier [1206-1384], second, the Sufi missionary phase led by Shah Jalal and his 360 disciples in Sylhet and adjoining Barak plains, and third, the Mughal and post-Mughal peasant settlement phase which led to large scale agrarian Islamization. The paper uses Persian chronicles like Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, Baharistan-i-Ghaybi, Tarikh-i-Sylhet, local sanads, qabala deeds in Persian, and folk traditions. It argues that Islam in Barak Valley spread not primarily through conquest but through Sufi-led peaceful agrarian expansion and deforestation of haors and beels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Advent of Islam, Barak Valley, Shah Jalal, Sylhet, Sufi, Mughal, Persian Sources, Sribhumi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 64-68<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/64-68.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13021 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13021\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13021\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%a6\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13021\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b8%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%a6\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u2019\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac, \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b2 \u0989\u09dc\u09c7 \u0993 \u09b0\u09be\u09ae \u09ac\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0 \u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac : \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Minati Sau Bhaumik &amp; Dr. Sanchita Banerjee Roy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080010\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080010<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> \u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u2019 \u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u098a\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09a4 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u2018\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a6\u09be\u09ae\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09b2\u2019 \u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0996\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u2018\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u2019 \u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u0995 \u099c\u09a8\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u0993 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09a8 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09ac\u09bf\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u0993 \u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u099b\u09bf\u09b2, \u09af\u09be \u0995\u09ac\u09bf-\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0995\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be-\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u0993 \u0998\u09c1\u0999\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099f\u09aa\u09cd\u09aa\u09be \u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u099c\u09a8\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u099f\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b2 \u0989\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5\u099a\u09b2\u09be\u0964 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u0989\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09be\u09a6 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u0993 \u09a8\u09be\u099a\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb \u2018Ballet\u2019 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b2 \u0989\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0\u09b8-\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0993 \u0986\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be-\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a4, \u09af\u09be \u0989\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0999\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b0\u09b8-\u09aa\u09bf\u09aa\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09b0\u09ae \u09a6\u09b2\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0993\u09a0\u09c7\u0964 \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u09ae \u09ac\u09b8\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b0\u099a\u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09ae\u099c\u09b2\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c7-\u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u099a\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0, \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b2 \u0989\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u0997\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09b2 \u0989\u09dc\u09c7, \u099f\u09aa\u09cd\u09aa\u09be \u0997\u09be\u09a8, \u09b0\u09be\u09ae \u09ac\u09b8\u09c1\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 69-75<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/69-75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13018 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13018\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13018\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a5-%e0%a6%a0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b7\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13018\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%a5-%e0%a6%a0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b7\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u09b0\u09ac\u09c0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5 \u09a0\u09be\u0995\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09a3\u2019 \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4\u09bf\u09ad\u09c2\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u2019 \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09ae\u09be : \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09a4\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09b2 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Bandana Sautya &amp; Dr. Sanchita Banerjee Roy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080011\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080011<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u2018\u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09b2\u2019 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb\u099a\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09b0\u09ac\u09c0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09be\u09a5 \u09a0\u09be\u0995\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09a3\u2019 \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4\u09bf\u09ad\u09c2\u09b7\u09a3 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09aa\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u2019 \u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u0964 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b6\u09c1\u09b2-\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa-\u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be (Alter-ego) \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09af\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u0985\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4 \u0993 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 (Illusions and Reality) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u09b9\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09a6-\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u2018\u09a4\u09ab\u09be\u09a4 \u09af\u09be\u0993, \u09b8\u09ac \u099d\u09c1\u099f \u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u2019 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7, \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09ac\u09a4\u09c0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09a6\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c2\u09b0 \u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09ae\u09be \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09ae\u09be\u09b8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c0\u09b0\u09ac \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993, \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u09b2\u0999\u09cd\u0998\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 -\u098f\u0987 \u0986\u09b6\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0986\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4, \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09a5\u09bf\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a3 \u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09b0\u09c1\u09a3\u09c0\u09b0 \u0986\u099a\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a1\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8-\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 (Life and Death Polarity) \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ab\u09b2\u09a8 \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09b0\u09ae \u09ae\u09c1\u09b9\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u0997\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u0998\u09be\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u0995\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c8\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0993 \u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09ae\u09cb\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> \u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09b2, \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c0, \u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09b2 \u099a\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u0997\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa, \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09a3, \u09ae\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09bf, \u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be, \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 76-84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/76-84.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13015 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13015\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13015\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ad-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%a1\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13015\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ad-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%a1\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e : \u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Syed Rashida Abbas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080012\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080012<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract(\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936):<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u2018\u2018\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947)\u2019\u2019 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords(\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926):<\/strong> \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 85-92<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/85-92.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-12996 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"12996\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"12996\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/inquiry-based-learning-fostering-critical-competencies-and-innovation-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"12996\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/inquiry-based-learning-fostering-critical-competencies-and-innovation-2\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 &amp; \u0921\u0949 \u0936\u092e\u093e \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080013\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080013<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948,\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915,\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d |\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u2013\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902,\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f-\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0967\u096f\u096e\u0969 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908,\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915-\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f-\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0940 |<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948|\u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930,\u091c\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948,\u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0922\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 |\u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948,\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 |<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0948 ,\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0938\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0939\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948,\u092f\u0939 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 |\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947 |<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f, \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932, \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928, \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e|<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 93-100<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/93-100.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13136 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13136\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13136\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/nep-2020-a-catalyst-for-womens-empowerment-in-india\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13136\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/nep-2020-a-catalyst-for-womens-empowerment-in-india\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">NEP 2020: A Catalyst for Women\u2019s Empowerment in India<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Biplab Ghosh &amp; Dr. Jayanta Acharya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080014\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080014<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 directly links women\u2019s empowerment with inclusive, equitable, and accessible education. NEP 2020 views education as a primary driver for eliminating historical gender disparities and ensuring social equality. Measures such as the Gender Inclusion Fund, safe school infrastructure, and flexible learning methods actively encourage and secure the enrolment of female students. By integrating digital literacy, vocational training, and mainstream formal education, the policy transforms women from passive learners into active leaders in national development. The policy concludes that establishing an egalitarian society is impossible without empowering women through self-reliance, economic participation, and equal rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> NEP 2020, women empowerment, Education, Gender Inclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 101-106<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/101-106.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13138 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13138\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13138\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/centrality-of-the-stern-gerlach-experiment-in-quantum-mechanics\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13138\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/centrality-of-the-stern-gerlach-experiment-in-quantum-mechanics\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Centrality of the Stern\u2013Gerlach Experiment in Quantum Mechanics<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Kalyan Banerjee<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080015\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080015<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The Stern\u2013Gerlach experiment holds key role for students, particularly those studying quantum mechanics, modern physics, atomic physics, and physics education. It is one of the simplest experiments that demonstrates that the microscopic world does not behave accordingly withdynamics of classical physics, thusthe Stern\u2013Gerlach experiment allows students to follow a logical progression: Classical expectation \u2192 Experimental observation \u2192 Failure of classical explanation \u2192 Quantum hypothesis \u2192 Spin states \u2192 Mathematical formulation \u2192 Quantum measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Quantum Mechanics, quantum mechanics, modern physics, atomic physics, physics education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 107-119<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/107-119.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13140 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13140\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13140\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/nep-2020-teacher-education-programme-in-india\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13140\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/nep-2020-teacher-education-programme-in-india\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">NEP 2020 &amp;Teacher Education Programme in India<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Anil Kumar Dubey<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080016\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080016<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Teaching is a Nobel profession, for this Nobel profession, we need well qualified teachers. Only good quality teacher education programme can make good, knowledgeable, qualified teachers suitable for this profession. Teachers are the ones who impart good moral values and disciplines to the students. The key question here is that since the creator of our future generation is the teacher, it is very important to shed light on how teachers should be educated and how to train them. Therefore, enough emphasis has been laid on teacher education in the NEP-2020. Because there are some flaws between the current education system and teacher\u2019s training programme. The objectives of the study are to investigate about the existing problems situated in teacher education programmes at present, to know about the main focus point in planning of teacher education programme in NEP2020 and to know about the initiatives or changes taken by Ministry of Education to improve teacher education programme in NEP2020. The study is theoretical and descriptive based. As a secondary sources, the data has been collected from different kinds of books, journals, research articles, NEP-2020 report etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> NEP 2020, Teacher Education Programme, Values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 120-123<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/120-123.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13142 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13142\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13142\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/government-healthcare-facilities-available-in-soreng-district-sikkim-a-descriptive-assessment-of-infrastructure-human-resources-and-public-health-services\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13142\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/government-healthcare-facilities-available-in-soreng-district-sikkim-a-descriptive-assessment-of-infrastructure-human-resources-and-public-health-services\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">Government Healthcare Facilities Available in Soreng District, Sikkim : A Descriptive Assessment of Infrastructure, Human Resources And Public Health Services<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Miss Rupa Sharma Mishra<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080017<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Soreng District is one of the newly established districts of Sikkim, formed on 13 December 2021 following the reorganisation of the erstwhile West District. Since its formation, the district has been developing a separate administrative and healthcare infrastructure to improve accessibility and delivery of public health services. This study provides a descriptive assessment of government healthcare facilities available in Soreng District, with emphasis on healthcare infrastructure, human resources, primary healthcare services, public health programmes and the emerging district-level healthcare system. The study follows a descriptive research design and is primarily based on secondary information from the Government of Sikkim, Soreng District Administration, Health and Family Welfare Department, official government publications, press releases and audit reports. The public healthcare structure includes Soreng CHC, Mangalbaria PHC, Rinchenpong PHC, Sombaria PHC and community-level Health and Wellness Centres. The 100-bedded District Hospital at Soreng is a major infrastructure project intended to strengthen secondary healthcare. Recent programmes demonstrate NCD screening, tuberculosis screening, AYUSH outreach, immunisation and community health activities. SWOT analysis indicates expanding infrastructure and community outreach as important strengths, while geographical accessibility, specialist availability, workforce planning and referral dependence remain areas requiring continued attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Soreng District; Sikkim; Government Healthcare; PHC; CHC; Health and Wellness Centre; District Hospital; Human Resources; Public Health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 124-130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/124-130.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13144 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13144\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13144\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/a-study-on-the-academic-motivation-of-secondary-school-students-in-lalgola-block-murshidabad-district-west-bengal\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13144\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/a-study-on-the-academic-motivation-of-secondary-school-students-in-lalgola-block-murshidabad-district-west-bengal\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">A Study on the Academic Motivation of Secondary School Students in Lalgola Block, Murshidabad District, West Bengal<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Dr. Md Shawkat Ali<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080018\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080018<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Academic motivation is a critical psychological construct that directs students\u2019 energy toward learning goals, sustains effort, and shapes the quality of cognitive engagement. This study investigated the academic motivation of Class VIII secondary school students in Lalgola Block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal. A stratified random sample of 200 students (100 boys and 100 girls; 100 rural and 100 urban) was selected from five government and government-aided schools. Academic motivation was measured using the Academic Motivation Questionnaire developed by Dr. D. Bhattacharya, while academic achievement was operationalised as aggregate marks in the last Annual Examination. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square goodness-of-fit, independent-samples t-tests, Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were employed. Results indicated that motivation scores were approximately normally distributed (\u03c7\u00b2 = 3.072, df = 6, p = 0.800). No statistically significant gender (t = 1.655, p &gt; 0.05) or locale (t = 1.003, p &gt; 0.05) differences were found. A moderate positive correlation existed between academic motivation and achievement (r = 0.3245, p &lt; 0.01). The regression equation Y = 0.444X + 436.358 was derived for predictive purposes. Findings reaffirm the importance of fostering academic motivation and suggest that gender and rural\u2013urban location are not major determinants of motivation in this localised context. Implications for classroom practice and directions for future research are discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Academic Motivation; Secondary School Students; Gender Differences; Rural\u2013Urban Locale; Academic Achievement; Murshidabad; West Bengal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No: 131-137<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/131-137.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-6 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-grid-item post-13146 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-volume4-issue8\"\t\tdata-id=\"13146\">\r\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-img-holder tpg-el-image-wrap has-no-thumbnail\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-id=\"13146\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/the-use-of-mutual-recursion-in-matrix-based-nominal-declension-model-following-pa%e1%b9%87inian-method\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t        <div class=\"overlay grid-hover-content\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"13146\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/the-use-of-mutual-recursion-in-matrix-based-nominal-declension-model-following-pa%e1%b9%87inian-method\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">The Use of Mutual Recursion in Matrix Based Nominal Declension Model Following P\u0101\u1e47inian Method<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"post-meta-tags rt-el-post-meta\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t            <span class='date'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-calendar '><\/i>\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/01\/\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t            <span class='categories-links'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<i class='flaticon-folder '><\/i><a class=\"volume4-issue8\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/category\/volume4-issue8\/\">Volume4 Issue8<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt tpg-el-excerpt\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpg-excerpt-inner\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\"><strong>Author: Manju Mohan &amp; Dr Sampath Kumar L<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong>DOI Link:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080019\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Amidst various computational models for Sanskrit grammar, this paper proposes a matrix-based computational model for the generation of subanta forms. The implementation attempts to adhere closely to the rule-based system of P\u0101\u1e47ini, where the applicability of grammatical rules is determined by contextual conditions. In the present system, the context is derived from user inputs and stored using several flags which guide the application of rules during the derivational process (prakriy\u0101). A key feature of this approach is the use of a matrix structure representing the combinations of vibhakti and vacana, which reduces the need for repetitive looping of rules and improves computational efficiency. The system also incorporates a mechanism for handling \u2018it\u2019 designations as prescribed in the A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dhy\u0101y\u012b (1.3.2\u20131.3.9), ensuring that the derivation follows the traditional grammatical process. The model is implemented in Python, which enables easy scalability and potential integration with other computational linguistic frameworks. The system currently generates subanta forms for vowel-ending masculine, feminine and neuter stems. Apart from its computational relevance, the model also provides pedagogical value by illustrating the step-by-step derivational procedure described in the P\u0101\u1e47inian grammatical tradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> P\u0101\u1e47ini, A\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101dhy\u0101y\u012b, Matrix Structure, Vibhakti, Vacana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-1-color has-text-color\"><strong>Page No:138-153<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/138-153.pdf\">download journal<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Current Issue Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2026 &#8211; August | Volume -4 | Issue -8 The Political Philosophy of Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee: Nationalism and Federalism September 13, 2026 Volume4 Issue8 Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Mandal DOI Link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080001 Abstract: In the political history of contemporary India, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (1901\u20131953) &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/volume4-issue8\/the-use-of-mutual-recursion-in-matrix-based-nominal-declension-model-following-pa%e1%b9%87inian-method\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Use of Mutual Recursion in Matrix Based Nominal Declension Model Following P\u0101\u1e47inian Method<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_joinchat":[]},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":false,"author_link":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/author\/asraful-alibiswas\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"","rttpg_excerpt":"Current Issue Download Front Page Download Content List Year 2026 &#8211; August | Volume -4 | Issue -8 The Political Philosophy of Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee: Nationalism and Federalism September 13, 2026 Volume4 Issue8 Author: Dr. Pankaj Kumar Mandal DOI Link: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70798\/Bijmrd\/04080001 Abstract: In the political history of contemporary India, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (1901\u20131953)&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1033"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1033"}],"version-history":[{"count":502,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13150,"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1033\/revisions\/13150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bijmrd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}